''Gastrodia'', commonly known as potato orchids, is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

leafless

orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Eart ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Orchidaceae, about ninety of which have been described. Orchids in this genus have fleshy, upright stems and small to medium-sized

resupinate Resupination is derived from the Latin word ''resupinus'', meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward". The word " ...

flowers with narrow

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' ...

s and

petal Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corol ...

s. They are

native Native may refer to: People * '' Jus sanguinis'', nationality by blood * '' Jus soli'', nationality by location of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Nat ...

to Asia (China, the

Russian Far East The Russian Far East ( rus, Дальний Восток России, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in North Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asia, Asian continent, and is coextensive with the Far Easte ...

, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, the

Indian Subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...

), Australia, New Zealand, central Africa, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Gastrodia'' are leafless, terrestrial,

mycotroph A mycotroph is a plant that gets all or part of its carbon, water, or nutrient supply through symbiotic association with fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes mic ...

herbs Herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnish (food), garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances. Culinary use typi ...

with a fleshy, underground

rhizome In botany and dendrology, a rhizome ( ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and Shoot (botany), shoots from its Node (botany), nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from ...

and an upright flowering stem with a few to many brownish,

flowers. The

s and

s are fused to form a bell-shaped or irregular tube with the tips free. The petals are usually much smaller than the sepals and the labellum has three lobes and is fully enclosed in the tube.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Gastrodia'' was first formally described in 1810 by

Robert Brown Robert Brown may refer to: Robert Brown (born 1965), British Director, Animator and author Entertainers and artists * Washboard Sam or Robert Brown (1910–1966), American musician and singer * Robert W. Brown (1917–2009), American printmaker ...

and the description was published in ''

Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen ''Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen'' (Prodromus of the Flora of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land) is a book by the botanist Robert Brown Robert Brown may refer to: Robert Brown (born 1965), British Director, Animator and ...

''. The

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

is ''

Gastrodia sesamoides ''Gastrodia sesamoides'', commonly known as cinnamon bells or common potato orchid in Australia and as the pot-bellied orchid or cinnamon sticks in New Zealand, is a leafless, terrestrial saprophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It has a th ...

''.

List of species

The following is a list of species of ''Gastrodia'' recognised by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

as of September 2021: * '' Gastrodia abscondita'' J.J.Sm. - Java * '' Gastrodia africana'' Kraenzl. - Cameroon * '' Gastrodia agnicellus''

Hermans Hermans is a Dutch patronymic surname, cognate with German Hermann and and the Scandinavian Hermansen. It is the 14th most common name in Belgium, with 12,794 people named Hermans in 2008.

& P.J.Cribb - Madagascar * '' Gastrodia albida'' T.C.Hsu, & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan * '' Gastrodia albidoides'' Y.H.Tan & T.C.Hsu - Yunnan * '' Gastrodia amamiana'' Suetsugu - Japan * '' Gastrodia angusta'' S.Chow & S.C.Chen - Yunnan * '' Gastrodia appendiculata'' C.S.Leou & N.J.Chung * '' Gastrodia arunachalensis'' S.N.Hegde & A.N.Rao – Arunachal Pradesh * '' Gastrodia ballii'' P.J.Cribb & Browning - Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique * '' Gastrodia bambu'' Metusala - Java * '' Gastrodia boninensis'' Tuyama - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands of Japan) * '' Gastrodia cajanoae''

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

& Pelser - Java, Taiwan * '' Gastrodia callosa'' J.J.Sm. - Java, Taiwan * '' Gastrodia celebica''

Schltr. Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids. He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South and Central America an ...

- Sulawesi * '' Gastrodia clausa'' T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan, Okinawa * '' Gastrodia confusa''

Honda commonly known as just Honda, is a Japanese multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate automotive manufacturer headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Founded in October 1946 by Soichiro Honda, Honda has bee ...

& Tuyama - Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands * '' Gastrodia confusoides'' T.C.Hsu, S.W.Chung & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan * '' Gastrodia cooperae'' Lehnebach & J.R.Rolfe - New Zealand * '' Gastrodia crassisepala''

L.O.Williams Louis Otho (Otto) Williams (1908 – 1991) was a botanist from Wyoming. He received his BA and MA from the University of Wyoming then a PhD from Washington University in St. Louis. He went on to be editor of the ''American Orchid Society#Publicati ...

- New Guinea * '' Gastrodia crebriflora'' D.L.Jones -

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

* '' Gastrodia crispa'' J.J.Sm. – Java * '' Gastrodia cunninghamii''

Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For 20 years he served as director of the Ro ...

- Vanuatu, New Zealand (including Chatham Island) * '' Gastrodia damingshanensis'' A.Q.Hu & T.C.Hsu * '' Gastrodia dyeriana''

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

& Pantl. - Sikkim, Darjiling * '' Gastrodia effusa'' P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne - Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia * ''

Gastrodia elata ''Gastrodia elata'' is a mycoheterotrophic perennial herb in the family Orchidaceae. It is found in Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Siberia, Taiwan, and China. Description The orchid has an 8–12 centimeters long elliptical underground rhiz ...

'' Blume - much of China (including Tibet and Taiwan), Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, Assam, Bhutan, Nepal * '' Gastrodia elatoides'' W.C.Huang, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang - Madagascar * '' Gastrodia entomogama'' D.L.Jones - A.C.T. * '' Gastrodia exilis''

- India, Assam, Thailand, Sumatra * '' Gastrodia falconeri'' D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. - Pakistan, northern India, Nepal * '' Gastrodia fimbriata'' Suddee - Thailand * '' Gastrodia flavilabella'' S.S.Ying - Taiwan * '' Gastrodia flexistyla'' T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan * '' Gastrodia flexistyloides'' Suetsugu * '' Gastrodia fontinalis'' T.P.Lin - Taiwan * '' Gastrodia fujianensis'' Liang Ma, Xin Y.Chen & S.P.Chen - China (Fujian) * '' Gastrodia gracilis'' Blume - Taiwan, Honshu * '' Gastrodia grandilabris'' Carr - Sabah * '' Gastrodia gunatillekeorum'' Bandara,

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- Sri Lanka * '' Gastrodia holttumii'' Carr * '' Gastrodia huapingenisi'' X.Y.Huang, A.Q.Hu & Yan Liu * '' Gastrodia isabelensis'' T.C.Hsu * '' Gastrodia javanica'' ( Blume)

Lindl. John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist. Early years Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley ...

- Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Fujian, Ryukyu Islands * '' Gastrodia kachinensis'' X.H.Jin & L.A.Ye – Myanmar * '' Gastrodia kaohsiungensis'' T.P.Lin – Taiwan * '' Gastrodia kuroshimensis'' Suetsugu - Japan * '' Gastrodia lacista'' D.L.Jones -

Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...

* '' Gastrodia longitubularis'' Q.W.Meng, X.Q.Song & Y.B.Luo - Hainan * '' Gastrodia madagascariensis'' H.Perrier ex

Martos Martos is a city and municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Jaén in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of over 24,000 people, Martos is the fifth largest municipality in the province and the second in Jaén ...

& Bytebier - Madagascar * '' Gastrodia major'' Aver. - Vietnam * '' Gastrodia maliauensis'' Suetsugu,

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& Tsukaya - Borneo (Sabah) * '' Gastrodia menghaiensis'' Z.H.Tsi & S.C.Chen - Yunnan * '' Gastrodia minor''

Petrie Petrie is a surname of Scottish origin which may refer to: People * Alexander Petrie (died 1662), Scottish minister * Alexander Petrie (architect) (c. 1842–1905), Scottish architect * Alistair Petrie (born 1970), English actor * Andrew Petrie ...

- New Zealand * '' Gastrodia mishmensis'' A.N.Rao, Harid. & S.N.Hegde * '' Gastrodia molloyi'' Lehneback & J.R.Rolfe - New Zealand * '' Gastrodia nantoensis'' T.C.Hsu, C.M.Kuo ex T.P.Lin * '' Gastrodia nipponica'' Honda) Tuyama - Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Islands * '' Gastrodia nipponicoides'' Suetsugu * '' Gastrodia × nippouraiensis'' Suetsugu & T.C.Hsu -

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* '' Gastrodia okinawensis'' Suetsugu * '' Gastrodia papuana''

- New Guinea * '' Gastrodia peichatieniana'' S.S.Ying * '' Gastrodia phangngaensis'' Suddee * '' Gastrodia procera'' G.W.Carr - N.S.W., Vic., A.C.T., Tas. * '' Gastrodia pubilabiata'' Y.Sawa - Taiwan, Japan * '' Gastrodia punctata'' Aver. - Vietnam * '' Gastrodia putaoensis'' X.H.Jin - Myanmar * '' Gastrodia queenslandica'' Dockrill - Queensland * '' Gastrodia rubinea'' T.P.Lin - Taiwan * '' Gastrodia rwandensis'' Eb.Fisch. & Killmann - Rwanda * '' Gastrodia sabahensis'' J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb * '' Gastrodia selabintanensis'' Tsukaya & Hidayat * ''

'' R.Br. -

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* '' Gastrodia shimizuana'' Tuyama - Iriomote, Taiwan * '' Gastrodia silentvalleyana'' C.S.Kumar, P.C.S.Kumar,

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& S.Anil Kumar - Kerala * '' Gastrodia similis'' Bosser - Réunion * '' Gastrodia solomonensis'' T.C.Hsu * '' Gastrodia spatulata'' ( Carr) J.J.Wood - Sabah * '' Gastrodia stapfii'' Hayata * '' Gastrodia sui'' C.S.Leou, T.C.Hsu & C.R.Yeh - Taiwan * '' Gastrodia surcula'' D.L.Jones - New South Wales * '' Gastrodia taiensis'' Tuyama - Vietnam * '' Gastrodia takeshimensis'' Suetsugu * '' Gastrodia tembatensis'' P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne - Peninsular Malaysia * '' Gastrodia theana'' Aver. - Vietnam * '' Gastrodia tonkinensis'' Aver. & Averyanova * '' Gastrodia tuberculata'' F.Y.Liu & S.C.Chen - Yunnan * '' Gastrodia umbrosa'' B.Gray - Queensland * '' Gastrodia uraiensis'' T.C.Hsu & C.M.Kuo - Taiwan * '' Gastrodia urceolata'' D.L. Jones - Queensland * '' Gastrodia verrucosa'' Blume - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra * '' Gastrodia vescula'' D.L.Jones - South Australia * '' Gastrodia wuyishanensis'' Da M.Li & C.D.Liu - Fujian * '' Gastrodia zeylanica''

- Sri Lanka

References

External links

* {{Authority control Gastrodieae genera Myco-heterotrophic orchids Taxonomy articles created by Polbot