''Gastrocopta'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of minute air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s or

micromollusk A micromollusc is a shelled mollusc which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine molluscs, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater molluscs also ...

s in the family

Gastrocoptidae Gastrocoptidae is a family of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Pupilloidea.Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pave ...

.MolluscaBase (2018). Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818270 on 2018-10-14 ''Gastrocopta'' is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...

of the subfamily Gastrocoptinae. The height of the

shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses Science Biology * Seashell, a hard outer layer of a marine ani ...

is about 2 mm.

Distribution

The Recent distribution of ''Gastrocopta'' includes

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

, eastern

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

, central Asia and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

(

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

and

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

). In Europe, the genus ''Gastrocopta'' has been

extirpated Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a chan ...

; its fossils there are known mainly from the

Neogene The Neogene ( ,) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period million years ago. It is the second period of th ...

, but its fossil range in

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

is from the

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

to the

Lower Pleistocene The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, representing the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span th ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Gastrocopta'' include: * † '' Gastrocopta abyssifluminis'' Roth, 1999 * † '' Gastrocopta acuminata'' (Klein, 1846) * † '' Gastrocopta akokala'' Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 * '' Gastrocopta allyni'' Roth & Christensen, 1984 * '' Gastrocopta armifera'' (Say, 1821) * '' Gastrocopta ashmuni'' (Chamberlin & Berry, 1930) - sluice snaggletooth * '' Gastrocopta avanica'' (Benson, 1863) * '' Gastrocopta bannertonensis'' (Gabriel, 1930) * '' Gastrocopta barbadensis'' (Pfeiffer, 1853)"Mollusca"
. Diversidad Biológica Cubana, accessed 23 March 2011.Richards H. G. & Hummelinck P. W. (1940). "Land & Freshwater Mollusks from Margarita Island, Venezuela". ''Notulae Naturae'' 62 1-16
at Google Books
* '' Gastrocopta boninensis'' Pilsbry, 1916 * † '' Gastrocopta borysthaenica'' Prysjazhnjuk, 2015 * † '' Gastrocopta bugensis'' Prysjazhnjuk in Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978 * † '' Gastrocopta chichijimana'' Pilsbry, 1916 * '' Gastrocopta cochisensis'' (Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1910) * † '' Gastrocopta conica'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * '' Gastrocopta contracta'' (Say, 1822) * † '' Gastrocopta cordillerae'' Roth, 1986 * '' Gastrocopta corticaria'' (Say, 1816) * '' Gastrocopta cristata'' Pilsbry & Vanatta * '' Gastrocopta dalliana'' (Sterki, 1898) * '' Gastrocopta damarica'' (Ancey, 1888) * † '' Gastrocopta dehmi'' Schlickum & Strauch, 1979 * † '' Gastrocopta devjatkini'' Prysjazhnjuk in Prysjazhnjuk et al., 1975 * † '' Gastrocopta didymodus'' (Sandberger, 1858) * '' Gastrocopta duplicata'' (Preston, 1911) * † '' Gastrocopta edlaueri'' (Wenz, 1921) * '' Gastrocopta ejecta'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912) * '' Gastrocopta eudeli'' Pilsbry, 1916 * '' Gastrocopta ferdinandi'' (Andreae, 1902) * † '' Gastrocopta fissidens'' (Sandberger, 1858) * '' Gastrocopta geminidens'' (Pilsbry) * '' Gastrocopta gularis'' F. G. Thompson & López, 1996 * Gastrocopta hedleyi Pilsbry, 1917 * '' Gastrocopta iheringi'' (Suter, 1900) Salgado N. C. & Coelho A. C. S. (2003). "Moluscos terrestres do Brasil (Gastrópodes operculados ou não, exclusive Veronicellidae, Milacidae e Limacidae)". ''Rev. Biol. Trop.'' 51(Suppl. 3): 149-189. (with English abstract)
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. * † '' Gastrocopta itaboraiensis'' Salvador & Simone, 2013 * † '' Gastrocopta kazachica'' Steklov in Steklov & Tsytovich, 1967 * † '' Gastrocopta kedeica'' Prysiazhniuk, 2017 † * † '' Gastrocopta kintlana'' Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 † * '' Gastrocopta klunzingeri'' (Jickeli, 1873) * † '' Gastrocopta krestnikovi'' Steklov, 1967 * † '' Gastrocopta lamellidens'' (F. Sandberger, 1858) * '' Gastrocopta larapinta'' (Tate, 1896) * † '' Gastrocopta lartetii'' (Dupuy, 1850) * † '' Gastrocopta leonardi'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * '' Gastrocopta macdonnelli'' (Brazier, 1875) * '' Gastrocopta margaretae'' (Cox, 1868) * † '' Gastrocopta mezzalirai'' (Ferreira & Coelho, 1971) * '' Gastrocopta microscopica'' (E. von Martens, 1898) * † '' Gastrocopta minuscula'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * † '' Gastrocopta mongolica'' Prysjazhnjuk in Prysjazhnjuk et al., 1975 * † '' Gastrocopta montana'' Roth, 1986 * † '' Gastrocopta moravica'' (Petrbok, 1959) * '' Gastrocopta mussoni'' Pilsbry, 1917 * † '' Gastrocopta nouletiana'' (Dupuy, 1850) * † '' Gastrocopta obesa'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * '' Gastrocopta oblonga'' (Pfeiffer, 1852) * † '' Gastrocopta ogasawarana'' Pilsbry, 1916 * † '' Gastrocopta oviforma'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * † '' Gastrocopta patagonica'' Miquel & P. E. Rodriguez, 2016 * '' Gastrocopta pediculus'' (Shuttleworth, 1852) * '' Gastrocopta pellucida'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) * '' Gastrocopta pentodon'' (Say, 1821) * '' Gastrocopta pilsbryana'' (Pilsbry, 1948) - Montane snaggletooth * † '' Gastrota polocopnica'' Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2018 * '' Gastrocopta procera'' (Gould) * '' Gastrocopta prototypus'' (Pilsbry, 1899) * † '' Gastrocopta pseudotheeli'' Steklov, 1966 * † '' Gastrocopta quadriplicata'' (A. Braun in Walchner, 1851) * '' Gastrocopta recondita'' (Tapparone Canefri, 1883) * † '' Gastrocopta rhenana'' Geissert, 1983 * '' Gastrocopta riograndensis'' (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1900) * '' Gastrocopta rixfordi'' Hanna, 1923 * '' Gastrocopta rupicola'' * ''Gastrocopta rupicola marginalba'' (Pfeiffer, 1840) * † '' Gastrocopta russelli'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * † '' Gastrocopta sacraecoronae'' Krolopp, 1858 Kovanda J. (2005). "Nová lokalita vzácného plže ''Gastrocopta theeli'' (West.) od Pátku u Loun. new locality of a rare Gastropod ''Gastrocopta theeli'' (West.) from Pátek near Louny. ''Zprávy o geologických výzkumech v roce 2004'': 59-61
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* '' Gastrocopta sagittaria'' Roth, 1986 † * †'' Gastrocopta sandbergeri'' Stworzewicz & Prisyazhnyuk, 2006 * † '' Gastrocopta serotina'' (Ložek, 1964) * '' Gastrocopta servilis'' (Gould, 1843) * † '' Gastrocopta shandgolica'' Prysjazhnjuk in Prysjazhnjuk et al., 1975 * '' Gastrocopta sharae'' Salvador, Cavallari & Simone, 2017 * †'' Gastrocopta skiphica'' Prysjazhnjuk in Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978 * '' Gastrocopta solitaria'' (Smith, 1890) * † '' Gastrocopta steklovi'' Prisyazhnyuk, 1973 * '' Gastrocopta strangei'' (Pfeiffer, 1854) * '' Gastrocopta stupefaciens'' Pokryszko, 1996 * † '' Gastrocopta suevica'' (O. Boettger, 1889) * '' Gastrocopta tappaniana'' (C. B. Adams, 1841) * † '' Gastrocopta tavennerensis'' Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992 * '' Gastrocopta theeli'' (Westerlund, 1877) * '' Gastrocopta thomasseti'' Pilsbry, 1929 * † '' Gastrocopta turgida'' (Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849) * † '' Gastrocopta tuvaense'' Steklov, 1967 * † '' Gastrocopta valentini'' Stworzewicz, 2007 subgenus ''Vertigopsis'' Sterki, 1892 Sterki V. (1892). "Preliminary list of North American Pupidae (north of Mexico)". ''

The Nautilus ''Nautilus'' is the fictional submarine belonging to Captain Nemo featured in Jules Verne's novels ''Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas'' (1870) and '' The Mysterious Island'' (1875). Description ''Nautilus'' is described by Verne as ...

'' 6
2
8
page 4
* † '' Gastrocopta moravica'' (Petrbok, 1959) * † ''Gastrocopta'' n. sp. from the Viernheim research boreholeWedel J. (2008). "Pleistocene molluscs from research boreholes in the Heidelberg Basin". ''E&G – Quaternary Science Journal'' 57(3-4): 382-402. . ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Gastrocopta soneri'' Chamberlin & Jones, 1929: synonym of '' Gastrocopta pilsbryana'' (Sterki, 1890)

References

* Pierce, H.G.; Rasmussen, D.L. (1992). The nonmarine mollusks of the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Cabbage Patch fauna of western Montana. I. Geologic setting and the family Pupillidae (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora). Journal of Paleontology. 66(1): 39-5 * Bank, R. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3076342 Gastrocoptidae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Gastropod genera