Garrison Church (Potsdam)
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The Garrison Church (German: ''Garnisonkirche'') was a
Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a place/building for Christian religious activities and praying * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian comm ...
in the historic centre of
Potsdam Potsdam () is the capital and largest city of the Germany, German States of Germany, state of Brandenburg. It is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. Potsdam sits on the Havel, River Havel, a tributary of the Elbe, downstream of B ...
. Built by order of King
Frederick William I of Prussia Frederick William I (; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the Soldier King (), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuchâtel. Born in Berlin, he was raised by the Hugu ...
according to plans by Philipp Gerlach from 1730 to 1735, it was considered as a major work of
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
n
Baroque architecture Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the late 16th century and gradually spread across Europe. It was originally introduced by the Catholic Church, particularly by the Jesuits, as a means to ...
. With a height of almost 90 metres (295 feet), it was Potsdam's tallest building and shaped its cityscape. In addition, the Garrison Church was part of the city's famous "Three Churches View" together with the St. Nicholas Church and the Holy Spirit Church. After it was damaged during the British bombing in World War II, the
East German East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally vie ...
authorities demolished the church in 1968. After the
German reunification German reunification () was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single sovereign state, which began on 9 November 1989 and culminated on 3 October 1990 with the dissolution of the East Germany, German Democratic Republic and the int ...
, the Garrison Church is currently being rebuilt as a centre for remembrance and reconciliation. The first section opened in 2024, containing a Coventry Cross of Nails chapel, an exhibition about the history of the place and a viewing platform at a height of 57 meters. The Garrison Church was an important place in the early modern
History of Germany The concept of Germany as a distinct region in Central Europe can be traced to Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as ''Germania'', thus distinguishing it from Gaul. The victory of the Cherusci, Germanic tribes ...
.
Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (German: Help:IPA/Standard German, joːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ ( – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque music, Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety ...
,
Alexander I of Russia Alexander I (, ; – ), nicknamed "the Blessed", was Emperor of Russia from 1801, the first king of Congress Poland from 1815, and the grand duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825. He ruled Russian Empire, Russia during the chaotic perio ...
,
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
and others visited the building. In addition, it served as burial site of Frederick William I and his son
Frederick the Great Frederick II (; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was the monarch of Prussia from 1740 until his death in 1786. He was the last Hohenzollern monarch titled ''King in Prussia'', declaring himself ''King of Prussia'' after annexing Royal Prussia ...
. Potsdam's first freely elected council members met in the Garrison Church,
Lutheran Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched ...
and
Reformed Reform is beneficial change. Reform, reformed or reforming may also refer to: Media * ''Reform'' (album), a 2011 album by Jane Zhang * Reform (band), a Swedish jazz fusion group * ''Reform'' (magazine), a Christian magazine Places * Reform, Al ...
Protestants founded the
Prussian Union of Churches The Prussian Union of Churches (known under multiple other names) was a major Protestant church body which emerged in 1817 from a series of decrees by Frederick William III of Prussia that united both Lutheran and Reformed denominations in P ...
in it, and classical concerts took place there. In
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...
, the building was used for propaganda purposes; at the same time, many
20 July plot The 20 July plot, sometimes referred to as Operation Valkyrie, was a failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, the chancellor and leader of Nazi Germany, and overthrow the Nazi regime on 20 July 1944. The plotters were part of the German r ...
ters belonged to the Garrison Church parish.


Building


Bell tower

The bell tower of the Garnisonkirche, a dominating structure, measured 88.4 meters and reached well into the street in front of it. Its side walls were interrupted by tall, narrow windows, while sculptures flanked the corners. A panel with gold lettering mounted above the main entrance facing Broad Street (Breiten Straße) read, " Friderich Wilhelm, King of Prussia, had this tower built next to the Garnisonkirchein to the honor of God. Anno 1735". Some of the letters may still be seen today. The foundation of the bell tower was solidly built and tapered to the upper stories. The top story, built of oak, had lanterns and a copper-covered roof crowned with a weather vane. A
carillon A carillon ( , ) is a pitched percussion instrument that is played with a musical keyboard, keyboard and consists of at least 23 bells. The bells are Bellfounding, cast in Bell metal, bronze, hung in fixed suspension, and Musical tuning, tu ...
, inherited from the first Garrison church consecrated in 1722, was augmented with five new bass tone bells produced by Paul Meurer. Choral music was played on the hour, alternating with secular music played on the half-hour until the end of the 18th century. From 1797 until 1945 the musical order was changed to Bach's '' Lobet den Herrn, alle Heiden'' (''Praise the Lord, all ye nations'') and '' Üb' immer Treu' und Redlichkeit'' (''Always Be True and Faithful'') from Ludwig Hölty, a theme
Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age ...
composed for Papageno's aria, ''Ein Mädchen oder Weibchen'', in ''
The Magic Flute ''The Magic Flute'' (, ), K. 620, is an opera in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder. It is a ''Singspiel'', a popular form that included both singing and spoken dialogue. The work premiered on ...
''. In between short melodies, some played upon request, rang out over the city every 7.5 minutes.


Nave

The
nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...
was square built. Its cross axis was connected to the bell tower on the north side. A step hip roof, 17 meters high, had two
dormer A dormer is a roofed structure, often containing a window, that projects vertically beyond the plane of a Roof pitch, pitched roof. A dormer window (also called ''dormer'') is a form of roof window. Dormers are commonly used to increase the ...
windows built into all but the south side of the roof. Tall round-arched windows dominated the façade which had decorative central portals on all three sides. Entrances on both sides of the tower led to a high balustrade from which it was possible to enter onto a roof walkway. Columned pillars flanked both sides of the main doors which, together with the tower itself, formed an imposing entrance from Broad Street.


Interior

The interior of the Garrison Church was clearly defined. Massive columns connected with solid basket arches supported a flat roof and a two-storeyed emporium. The interior, at first largely without ornamentation, had simple wood panelling, and, while the civilian congregation sat on benches in the nave, the soldiers sat above in the gallery. A wooden pulpit stood on the south side of the nave. In 1735, Frederick William I had the ground floor crypt built under a new and colorful baroque style high altar with pulpit designed by Christian Friedrich Feldmann ( de) and constructed by Johann Christian Angermann and Johann Konrad Koch. The sculptor, Johann Georg Glume ( de), created marble figures of
Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is also known as the "Red Planet", because of its orange-red appearance. Mars is a desert-like rocky planet with a tenuous carbon dioxide () atmosphere. At the average surface level the atmosph ...
and Bellona, which flanked the entrance to the crypt below.
Holy Communion The Eucharist ( ; from , ), also called Holy Communion, the Blessed Sacrament or the Lord's Supper, is a Christian rite, considered a sacrament in most churches and an ordinance in others. Christians believe that the rite was instituted by J ...
was served from the original wooden
pulpit A pulpit is a raised stand for preachers in a Christian church. The origin of the word is the Latin ''pulpitum'' (platform or staging). The traditional pulpit is raised well above the surrounding floor for audibility and visibility, accesse ...
, now called the Field Altar.


Wagner organ

The Garrison church organ, which included a carillon, was built by the organ builder Joachim Wagner in 1731–32 and had 25 registers on 3 manuals with pedals. These were later increased to 42 registers by his colleague, Carl Ludwig Gesell ( de), in 1862. The organ was further modernized by Wilhelm Sauer during extensive interior renovations carried out from 1897 to 1899. He re-used approximately half of the original historical organ pipes for the new late-romantic style organ, increased the number of registers to 46 and changed the mechanics to a pneumatic action system. The organ was unusually placed and stood over the
chancel In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar, including the Choir (architecture), choir and the sanctuary (sometimes called the presbytery), at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. It may termi ...
on the second balcony. It had an imposing casing with richly carved ornamentation and sculptural details thought to be designed by the Johann Glume. The prospect, or organ pipes, were arranged in three towers, each with six groups of pipes, the longest of which was 5 meters. Some of the pedal registers were housed in the middle tower for lack of space. Remarkable but suitable for a military church, the organ had chimes imitating trombones and kettledrums mounted on angels. A circling sun and a wing-beating eagle completed the decor. Thanks to a generous donation from the mail order house founder, Werner Otto, it has been possible to rebuild the Wagner organ based on existing documents.


History


First building

From 1720 to 1722, the first Potsdam Garrison Church was a square half-timbered building built on the same spot as the later version we know of today. It had a steep pavilion roof and a two-storey tower which housed a 35 tone carillon built by the Amsterdam organ builder Jan Albert de Grave ( nl). Soldiers, most of whom were members of the royal regiment ' Potsdam Giants', made up the congregation and regularly attended German Reformed Church services there.


Second building, Garrison Church

After only a few years, cracks appeared in the walls, and the building began to tilt due to the marshy land beneath and insufficient foundations. In 1730, the carillon had to be removed and the church and tower were torn down. Since King Frederick William I was interested in the well-being of his soldiers and wanted them instructed in church customs, he commissioned the architect Philipp Gerlach to plan a new church. Construction began in 1731, and on August 17, 1732, the church was consecrated by the court chaplain, Christian Johann Cochius, and the military chaplain, Johann Gottfried Hornejus. As with almost all the churches he commissioned in Potsdam and
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
, the king wanted the Garrison Church to have a high, imposing and solidly built tower as proof of his firm belief in God. In 1730, and again in 1734, he had experienced the collapse of the nearly completed tower of the St. Peter's Church ( de) in Berlin. So it was with great gratitude that he was able to climb the 365 steps to the top of the Garrison Church bell tower in August 1735, soon after recovering from severe illness.


Dedication until the Weimar Republic

In 1735, Frederick William I ordered a crypt to be built under the main altar of the Garrison Church. Five years later he was buried there a day after his death on May 31, 1740. His successor, Frederick II, invited Johann Sebastian Bach to visit Potsdam. Bach played the organ at the Garrison Church and declared it to be a "very fine work". Sophia Dorothea, wife of Frederick William I, who died on June 28, 1757, decreed in her testament that she wished to be buried in the Hohenzollern Crypt of the
Berlin Cathedral Berlin Cathedral (), also known as the Evangelical Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church, is a monumental Protestant Church in Germany, German Protestant church and dynastic tomb (House of Hohenzollern) at the Lustgarten on the Museum Island ...
, so that her space in the Garrison Church remained free. Her son, Frederick II, also did not designate it as his burial place, preferring instead to be interred on the terrace in front of
Sanssouci Sanssouci () is a historical building in Potsdam, near Berlin. Built by Prussian King Frederick the Great as his summer palace, it is often counted among the German rivals of Versailles. While Sanssouci is in the more intimate Rococo style and ...
in Potsdam. Contrary to his wish, he was buried alongside his father on the day of his death, August 18, 1786. His funeral ceremony, however, took place later on September 9, 1786. At the request of Queen Louise in 1797, the choral '' Lobe den Herrn, meine Seele'' (''Praise the Lord, my soul'') was played on the carillon each hour, followed on the half-hour by ''Üb' immer Treu' und Redlichkeit'' (using the aria melody ''Ein Mädchen oder Weibchen'' from Mozart's ''The Magic Flute''). Previously the pieces were simply alternated as was the custom in
Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherland ...
. In November 1805, the Russian Tsar Alexander I was invited by King Frederick William III and Queen Louise to meet in the royal crypt to celebrate the consolidation of their alliance against
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
. On October 25, 1806, after his victory over the Prussian Army at Jena–Auerstedt, Napoleon marched to Berlin and Potsdam and requested to visit Frederick II's private apartment in the
Berlin Palace The Berlin Palace (), formerly known as the Royal Palace (), is a large building adjacent to Berlin Cathedral and the Museum Island in the Mitte area of Berlin. It was the main residence of the Electors of Brandenburg, Kings of Prussia and Ge ...
and the royal crypt in the Garrison Church, respectively. His comment that he would probably not have been there had Frederick II still been alive most likely was not said at the crypt as is so often stated, but, out of respect for Frederick II, Napoleon placed the Garrison Church under his personal protection, while he appropriated both the French Church ( de) and the Church of the Holy Spirit ( de) to stable his cavalry. Another reason why the Garrison Church played such an important role in the history of Potsdam was because the first freely elected Potsdam Magistrate was inaugurated there on August 3, 1809. In 1816, in order to make room for flags at the victory celebration of the War of Liberation against the French Army, the figures of Mars and Bellona in the Garrison Church were moved to the staircase of the City Palace. The church balustrade railings were draped in red and gold fabric and hung with commemorative plaques for the soldiers who had fallen in battle. On October 31, 1817, the first ecumenical service of the Reformed Calvinist and
Lutheran Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched ...
Churches was performed on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the
Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...
. Frederick William IV, while still the crown prince, began making designs for the modernization of the Garrison Church. He suggested building a five-sided basilica ten times the size of the existing church, which was never realized. The only change made during his reign was the addition of a 10-sided christening chapel in the southwest vestibule (1886), followed by renovation work in the nave (also 1886), and repair work on the tower. Later a new “wilhelminische” interior, designed and realized by Friedrich Laske. It was characterized by the representational style popular at the time and featured newly arranged cypress wood pews, and richly decorated paneling. The balustrade railings were embellished with molding and decorative elements (cartouches) embossed with gold. Friedrich Laske was also responsible for new architectural demands such as fire protection, heating, lighting, and improved of visibility from the balconies. The number of war trophies rose to 117 French flags, 25 Danish flags and 7 Austrian banners. Organ registers were increased from 42 to 46 while the organ pipes remained unchanged. In 1907, a wrought iron gate was added to the tower entrance, and in 1910 Kaiser Wilhelm II donated a splendid altar table, ending an era of considerable embellishment. According to Article 245 of the
Versailles Treaty The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace of Versailles, exactl ...
, the French trophies should have been returned to France, but in July 1919, they were removed by persons unknown and, to this day, have never been found. They were replaced by flags of the now defunct Prussian regiments. The role of the Garrison Church, long known for fostering church music, had been neglected and was reestablished in the 20th century largely by Professor Otto Becker, who served as organist and performed on the carillon and organ from 1910 until 1945. During this period over 2000 carillon and organ concerts, oratories, religious concerts and chamber music concerts were performed in the Garrison Church. Prof. Becker also served as organist in Potsdam's synagogue from 1915 until 1933. From 1925 until 1930 the architect Karl Daubitz undertook wide-ranging repair work documented by hundreds of drawings and photos which still exist.


Nazi era until destruction

The Nazis hoped for a majority of votes in the parliamentary elections held under an extremely uncertain climate of judicial insecurity and violence on March 5, 1933. Their plan was to dissolve Parliament to pave the way for dictatorship. Already on the eve of the burning of the Reichstag the idea to celebrate the reopening of Parliament in the Garrison Church was born. On March 2 the plan was approved and six days later March 21 was decided as the celebration date. After protests from church authorities and the President of Parliament, it was agreed that only the opening ceremony would be held in the Garrison Church. The official opening meeting was to take place next door in the “Langen Stall”. For lack of time this plan too was reversed, and the Kroll Opera became the venue for the event. The intentionally-chosen date fell on the anniversary of the opening of the first Reichstag Parliament by Kaiser Wilhelm I in the White Salon in the Berlin Palace on March 21, 1871. This time Parliamentary President
Paul von Hindenburg Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German military and political leader who led the Imperial German Army during the First World War and later became President of Germany (1919 ...
was seen by many as a substitute for the
Kaiser Kaiser ( ; ) is the title historically used by German and Austrian emperors. In German, the title in principle applies to rulers anywhere in the world above the rank of king (). In English, the word ''kaiser'' is mainly applied to the emperors ...
, allowing Hitler's “Machtergreifung” to become a symbol of a Prussian conservative rebirth of the nation (“Wiedergeburt der Nation”). The deal was sealed by a handshake between the
Chancellor Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separa ...
, Hitler, and the President,
Paul von Hindenburg Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German military and political leader who led the Imperial German Army during the First World War and later became President of Germany (1919 ...
. A famous photograph of it by the American (N.Y. Times) photographer, Theo Eisenhard, became the media icon of the day. Yet the handshake represented no more and no less than Hitler's dismissal of Hindenburg. Two and five
Reichsmark The (; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948. The Reichsmark was then replace ...
coins showing the church were minted in 1934–35. All of the two and some of the five carry the commemorative date, "21 März 1933". These coins remain available at modest prices. National Socialist leadership led Germany into the
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, which left Potsdam heavily damaged. For fear of bombardments, the coffins of Frederick II and his father, Frederick William I, were removed from the Garrison Church in 1943 and placed in a bunker in today's German Army Command Centre in Potsdam. After the British bombings on April 14 and 15, 1945, it looked as though the church had remained unscathed, but on the 15th the Langen Stall next door took a direct hit, and the ensuing fire storm entered the church through windows broken by the bombing the night before. The fire destroyed the wooden galleries and the roof before it entered the tower, where wooden ventilation shutters needed for the carillon mechanism allowed the fire to spread quickly. Damage to water pipes and low water pressure resulting from the bombings made it impossible for fire hoses to reach the source of the blaze. Firemen could only watch helplessly as first the tower burned from top to bottom followed by the wooden beams in the church nave. Only the crucifix, chandeliers and the altar table could be saved before the enormous heat caused an unexploded ordnance to detonate. One by one the carillon bells loosened and fell nearly 80 meters to the ground until finally the oaken roof of the tower also collapsed, ending the long existence of Potsdam's most famous musical instrument. Only the ruined outside walls of the church and a stump of its tower remained. The congregation, now much reduced in number, managed to maintain ownership of the land belonging to the Garrison Church Potsdam after negotiating with local government authorities. Aside from the church ruin, the parish hall and two further dwellings were in desolate condition and, with help from both Church and State institutions, every effort was made to repair them. On July 25, 1949, the parish council decided to rename the church Holy Crucifix Church in order to free it and its parishioners from the burden of Prussian militarism and mark the beginning of a new era dedicated to awareness of sin and Christ's suffering. Within the year the Holy Crucifix congregation moved into a chapel built within the ruins of the bell tower. Two newly-cast bells rang to announce services. The 1960s saw the beginning of reconstruction. Visitors could make appointments with the church custodian to climb 60 meters to the top of the tower. In 1966, construction work on 5 tower landings came to an abrupt end, when in August the leaders of the Potsdam Communist Party decided to have the ruins removed without consulting the general public. A year later,
Walter Ulbricht Walter Ernst Paul Ulbricht (; ; 30 June 18931 August 1973) was a German communist politician. Ulbricht played a leading role in the creation of the Weimar republic, Weimar-era Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and later in the early development ...
, President of the East German state and a staunch opponent to the church and all that had to do with the Prussian monarchy, visited Potsdam and, during a three-hour debate over the future of building policy, asked, “What right does this ruin have to exist in Potsdam?” Further, he declared that all ruins in Potsdam left from the war should disappear, for the establishment of a new church could only interfere with the creation of a socialist city image. Strong opposition from Church Authorities, those who wished to protect city monuments, architects and citizens both within and without East Germany were unable to prevent the decision by the city authorities on April 26, 1968, to destroy what was left of the Garrison Church. Curiously, the decision was not unanimous as was the norm in the GDR. Four delegates voted against it. On May 14, 1968, several blasts demolished the church ruins. On June 19, after an unsuccessful attempt to destroy it, half of the tower ruin remained standing. The rest finally was finally destroyed on Sunday, June 23. Once the rubble was removed, construction began for the nearby Potsdam Computing Centre in 1971.


Reconstruction

In 1984, the Society for the Continuation of the Potsdam Carillon Tradition (acronym SCPC) was founded in
Iserlohn Iserlohn (; Westphalian language, Westphalian: ''Iserlaun'') is a city in the Märkischer Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the largest city by population and area within the district and the Sauerland region. Geogr ...
. In 1987 work began to cast new bells for the carillon which were turned over to the city of Potsdam on April 14, 1991, shortly after
German reunification German reunification () was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single sovereign state, which began on 9 November 1989 and culminated on 3 October 1990 with the dissolution of the East Germany, German Democratic Republic and the int ...
. At the request of the Mayor of Potsdam, donations given to the Society were designated for the reconstruction of the Garrison Church. In 2001 the President of the SCPC initiated the founding of the “Stiftung Preußisches Kulturerbe” (Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation), which, once reconstruction was completed, would be responsible for future maintenance. He did not succeed, however, in reaching agreement with the Protestant Church (Evangelische Kirche) and the City of Potsdam over the subsequent use of the church and decided instead to dissolve the SCPC and pass its donations (over 6 million Euros) on to the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. The members of the dissolved society then became a “Circle of Friends” without right of say but willing to cooperate with the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. On January 15, 2004, over 100 individuals from Brandenburg and Berlin signed up for “Call from Potsdam”, a petition calling for the complete reconstruction of the Hof und Garnisonkirche Potsdam. Patrons for the initiative at the time were Bishop Dr. Wolfgang Huber, Prime Minister of Brandenburg Matthias Platzeck and Minister of Interior Brandenburg Jörg Schönbohm. Since 2004, the Garnisonkirche belongs to the International Community of the Cross of Nails (founded in
Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...
in February 1991). In February 2004 on the initiative of the Industry Club of Potsdam, citizens from both Potsdam and Berlin founded the Society for the Reconstruction of the Garrison Church Potsdam (German acronym FWG) following the concept proposed by the Protestant Church of Germany. The FWG is an agreement between persons and organizations with interests stemming from religious, philosophical, cultural or city planning backgrounds who wish to recommend and commit their support to the present and future work involved in the reconstruction of the Garrison Church according to the theme stated in Call from Potsdam. At the end of a church service celebrated on June 23, 2008, Bishop Dr. Wolfgang Huber announced the creation of the Garrison Church Potsdam Foundation in the presence of many prominent personalities. The date was chosen on purpose: it was the 40th anniversary of the day the East German Communist government, without authorization and despite massive protest in and outside the country, blew up the remnants of the Garrison Church; remnants which could have been reconstructed. The purpose and aim of the new foundation is to rebuild the Garrison Church as a lesson of conscience. On June 25, 2011, a temporary chapel was opened to the public. It contains an exhibition marking the past and future history of the Garrison Church and stands just behind the spot where future church will one day be built. The leaders of the Protestant Church of Germany decided in 2010 that the chapel should be an official parish church with its own pastor . In 2013 the German National Committee for Cultural and Media Affairs named the Garrison church Potsdam an important cultural monument and offered 12 million Euro towards the funding of its reconstruction. Reconstruction work began in 2017 with the aim to complete the tower first. Since July 2013, the Garrison Church Foundation has official permission for the reconstruction of the church tower. By clearing the area and re-routing the course of Broad Street to accommodate as nearly as possible the original building site; two important premises for the start of construction have already been met. A ceremony for the beginning of construction on the tower of the reconstructed Garrison Church was due to be celebrated on October 31, 2017 (the 500th anniversary of the Reformation). On 27 October 2017, it was reported that €12m would be contributed from federal funds in order to construct the church's tower. In July 2023, reports stated that construction is due to be completed the following year, with the nave and the rest may follow. On Easter Monday 2024, the new Coventry Cross of Nails chapel in the rebuilt tower was opened with a church service. On 22 August 2024, the rebuilt tower with an exhibition about the history of the place and a viewing platform at a height of 57 meters was inaugurated in a ceremony attended by German President
Frank-Walter Steinmeier Frank-Walter Steinmeier (; born 5 January 1956) is a German politician who has served as President of Germany since 2017. He was previously Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany), federal minister for foreign affairs from 2005 to 2009 and again f ...
. At the same time, more than 100 people demonstrated opposite the tower in protest against the reconstruction.


References


Sources

* Reinhard Appel, Andreas Kitschke: ''Der Wiederaufbau der Potsdamer Garnisonkirche.'' Lingen Verlag, Köln 2006, . * Ludwig Bamberg: ''Die Potsdamer Garnisonkirche. Baugeschichte - Ausstattung - Bedeutung.'' Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2006, . * Winfred Ellerhorst: ''Das Glockenspiel'' Deutschland 1939 (small booklet) * Andreas Kitschke: ''Die Garnisonkirche Potsdam. Krone der Stadt und Schauplatz der Geschichte.'' Bebra, Berlin 2016, . * Laura J. Meilink-Hoedemaker Article about ''The Amsterdam bell-foundry under Jan Albert de Grave 1699-1729'', in 'Klok en Klepel' the Dutch bulletin of the 'Nederlandse Klokkenspel Vereniging.' nr 115 Dec 2011 * Luc Rombouts: ''Zingend Brons'', uitgeverij Davidsfonds Leuven, 2010, (in Dutch; the English version will come soon) * Anke Silomon: ''Pflugscharen zu Schwertern. Schwerter zu Pflugscharen. Die Potsdamer Garnisonkirche im 20. Jahrhundert.'' Nicolai, Berlin 2014, .


External links


Official website of the reconstruction society (in English)

Live webcam showing the construction site

YouTube: Video of the church's carillon playing Mozart's melody for "Üb' immer Treu und Redlichkeit"

YouTube: Video of the church's demolition

YouTube: Video of the church's 3D visualization
{{Authority control 1735 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1968 disestablishments in East Germany 18th-century Calvinist and Reformed churches Baroque architecture in Potsdam Christian bell towers Building reconstruction projects in Germany Buildings and structures demolished in 1968 Buildings and structures in Germany destroyed during World War II Carillons Churches completed in 1735 Churches in Potsdam Destroyed churches in Germany Demolished buildings and structures in Germany Protestant churches in Brandenburg Prussian cultural sites Reformed church buildings in Germany United Protestant church buildings in Germany Rebuilt buildings and structures in Potsdam Frederick the Great Frederick William I of Prussia