''Garra'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and t ...

. These fish are one example of the "

log sucker ''Garra'' is a genus of fish in the family (biology), family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the "log suckers", Suckermouth, sucker-mouthed Barb (fish), barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in Aquarium, aquaria to keep down algae. T ...

s", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down

algae Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular ...

. The

doctor fish The red garra (''Garra rufa''), also known as the doctor fish or nibble fish, is a species of cyprinid that is native to a wide range of freshwater habitats in subtropical parts of Western Asia. This small fish typically is up to about in tota ...

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 160

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

of garras are native to

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

, but about one-fifth of the species are from

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

(

East East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth. Etymology As in other languages, the word is formed from the fact that ea ...

Middle Middle or The Middle may refer to: * Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits. Places * Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man * Middle Bay (disambiguation) * Middle Brook (disambiguation) * Middle Creek ...

and

West West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some Romance langu ...

, but by far the highest

species richness Species richness is the number of different species represented in an community (ecology), ecological community, landscape or region. Species richness is simply a count of species, and it does not take into account the Abundance (ecology), abunda ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

). The genus was established by

Francis Buchanan-Hamilton Francis Buchanan (15 February 1762 – 15 June 1829), later known as Francis Hamilton but often referred to as Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, was a Scottish surgeon, surveyor and botanist who made significant contributions as a geographer and zoolo ...

in 1822 as a

subgenus In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...

of ''

Cyprinus ''Cyprinus'' is the genus of typical carps in family Cyprinidae. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the common carp (''C. carpio'') in Western Asia and Europe; this invasive species has also been Introduced species, intr ...

'' (which at that time was a " basket genus" for

carp The term carp (: carp) is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family (biology), family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized game fish, quarries and a ...

-like cyprinids); though it didn't lead to an act of him to designate a

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

by the time. However, as no other garras except the newly discovered '' G. lamta'' were known to science in 1822, this was designated as the type species by

Pieter Bleeker Pieter Bleeker (10 July 1819 – 24 January 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor, Ichthyology, ichthyologist, and Herpetology, herpetologist. He was famous for the ''Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises'', his monumental work on ...

in 1863. The garras and their closest relatives are sometimes placed in a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

Garrinae, but this seems hardly warranted. More often, this group is included in the

Labeoninae Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species else ...

, or together with these in the

Cyprininae Cyprinae is a subfamily of largely freshwater ray-finned fishes, one of ten subfamilies belonging to the family Cyprinidae. This family comprises the carps, minnows, barbs and related fishes. Genera Cyprinae contains the following recognised ex ...

. In the former case, the garras are members of the labeonine

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Garrini Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species else ...

, in the latter they are in the

subtribe Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants). The first use of this word dates back to the late 19th century. An example of ...

Garraina of tribe

Labeonini Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species elsew ...

. The genus ''

Discogobio ''Discogobio'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that are found in eastern Asia. So far the 16 species have only been identified from China (11 species) and Vietnam (5 species) wherein each species is Endemism, endemic to the country in which it is fou ...

'' is a close relative.

Description and ecology

These species are slim

cyprinid Cyprinidae is a Family (biology), family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barb (fish), barbs and barbel (fish), barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the ...

s with a flat belly and a sucking mouth; their shape indicates that they are at least in tendency

rheophilic A rheophile is an animal that prefers to live in fast-moving water. Examples of rheophilic animals Insects *Many aquatic insects living in riffles require current to survive. *'' Epeorus sylvicola'', a rheophilic mayfly species ( Ephemeroptera ...

. They are distinguished from other cyprinids by a combination of features: As in their closest relatives, their lower lip is expanded at its posterior rim to form a round or oval sucking pad, the vomero-palatine organ is much reduced or completely lost, the

pectoral fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish aquatic locomotion, swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the vertebral column ...

s have at least the first two

ray Ray or RAY may refer to: Fish * Ray (fish), any cartilaginous fish of the superorder Batoidea * Ray (fish fin anatomy), the bony or horny spine on ray-finned fish Science and mathematics * Half-line (geometry) or ray, half of a line split at an ...

s enlarged and usually unbranched, the supraethmoid is wider than long when seen from above, and the

cleithrum The cleithrum (: cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive Osteichthyes, bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. Its name is derived from Greek κλειθρον = "key (lock)", by analogy ...

is narrow and elongated to the front. From other Garrini (or Garraina), the genus ''Garra'' can be distinguished as follows: their

pharyngeal teeth Pharyngeal teeth are teeth in the pharyngeal arch of the throat of cyprinids, suckers, and a number of other fish species otherwise lacking teeth.dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates. Dorsal fins have evolved independently several times through convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found ...

has 10-11 rays and starts slightly

anterior Standard anatomical terms of location are used to describe unambiguously the anatomy of humans and other animals. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ...

to the

pelvic fin Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral (belly) surface of fish, and are the lower of the only two sets of paired fins (the other being the laterally positioned pectoral fins). The pelvic fins are homologous to the hi ...

s, while the

anal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported o ...

starts well behind the pelvic fins and has 8-9 rays. As far as is known, the

diploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Here ''sets of chromosomes'' refers to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, ...

karyotype A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by de ...

of garras is 2n = 50. Garras are not or barely noticeably

sexually dimorphic Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different Morphology (biology), morphological characteristics, including characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most dioecy, di ...

and generally cryptically coloured

benthic The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning "the depths". ...

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mi ...

fish. Six species in the genus ('' G. andruzzii'', '' G. dunsirei'', '' G. lorestanensis'', '' G. tashanensis'', '' G. typhlops'' and some populations of '' G. barreimiae'') are cave-adapted, lacking

pigmentation A pigment is a powder used to add or alter color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go in ...

and/or eyes. Garras are

omnivorous An omnivore () is an animal that regularly consumes significant quantities of both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize ...

, eating

alga Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular microalgae, suc ...

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against ocean current, currents (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are ca ...

and small invertebrates that they suck off Substrate (marine biology), substrate like rocks or logs. The food is scraped off with the sharp keratinized borders of the jaws and ingested via suction, created by contracting and relaxing the buccopharynx. As typical for Cypriniformes, the garras lack a stomach entirely, their oesophagus leading directly to the sphincter of the intestine. Different ''Garra''

eat animal and vegetable matter in different proportions, which can – as typical for vertebrates – usually be recognized by the length of their intestine compared to related species: more herbivorous species have a longer intestine. Indeed, intestinal length in this genus is remarkably constant within species and varies a lot between species, meaning that it is useful to distinguish species and that dietary shifts have played a significant role in the evolution of garras. When the females are ready to spawn (biology), spawn, they are markedly plump and swollen; the ripe roe may fill almost four-fifths of their body cavity. The testicles of reproductive males are large too. The average ''Garra'' egg is 1.77 mm in diameter and a clutch (eggs), clutch contains several hundred eggs – up to a thousand or so in large females. The breeding behaviour is generally not well known and breeding is not often achieved in the aquarium; presumably, like many of their relatives they fish migration, migrate upstream or (if they otherwise inhabit lakes) into the rivers to spawn.

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus: Garra blanfordii

* ''Garra abhoyai'' Sunder Lal Hora, Hora, 1921 * ''Garra aethiopica'' (Jacques Pellegrin, Pellegrin, 1927) * ''Garra allostoma'' Tyson Royal Roberts, T. R. Roberts, 1990 * ''Garra alticaputus'' Muthukumarasamy Arunachalam, Arunachalam, Subramaniyam Nandagopal, Nandagopal & Richard Lee Mayden, Mayden, 2013 * ''Garra alticauda'' Cao Liang, L. Cao, Wanja Dorothy Nyingi, Nyingi, Henry L. Bart Jr, Bart & Zhang Ee, E. Zhang, 2023 * ''Garra amirhosseini'' Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Esmaeili, Golnaz Sayyadzadeh, Sayyadzadeh, Brian W. Coad, Coad & Soheil Eagderi, Eagderi, 2016 * ''Garra andruzzii'' (Decio Vinciguerra, Vinciguerra, 1924) (Somalian cavefish) * ''Garra annandalei'' Hora, 1921 * ''Garra apogon'' (John Roxborough Norman, Norman, 1925) * ''Garra arunachalami'' Jeyaraj Antony Johnson, J. J. Johnson & R. Soranam, 2001 * ''Garra arunachalensis'' Kongbrailatpan Nebeshwar Sharma, Nebeshwar & Waikhom Vishwanath, Vishwanath, 2013 * ''Garra arupi'' Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & Debangshu Narayan Das, D. N. Das, 2009 * ''Garra barreimiae'' Henry Weed Fowler, Fowler & Heinz Steinitz, Steinitz, 1956 * ''Garra bicornuta'' C. R. Narayan Rao, Narayan Rao, 1920 * ''Garra biloborostris'' Narengbam Roni, Roni & Vishwanath, 2017 * ''Garra bimaculacauda'' Ryan J. Thoni, Thoni, Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 * ''Garra binduensis'' Ujjal Das, U. Das, Laishram Kosygin, Kosygin & Akshaya Panigrahi, Panigrahi, 2016 * ''Garra birostris'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 * ''Garra bisangularis'' Zong-Mao Chen, Z. M. Chen, X. Y. Wu, & Xiao Heng, H. Xiao, 2010 * ''Garra bispinosa'' Zhang Ee, E. Zhang, 2005 * ''Garra blanfordii'' (George Albert Boulenger, Boulenger, 1901) * ''Garra borneensis'' (Léon Louis Vaillant, Vaillant, 1902) * ''Garra bourreti'' (Jacques Pellegrin, Pellegrin, 1928) * ''Garra buettikeri'' Friedhelm Krupp, Krupp, 1983 * ''Garra caudomaculata'' (Fahire Battalgil, Battalgil, 1942) (Antakya minnow) * ''Garra centrala'' Nguyễn Văn Hảo, V. H. Nguyễn, Vũ Thị Hồng Nguyên, T.H.N. Vũ & Nguyễn Thị Diệu Phương, T.D.P. Nguyễn, 2015 * ''Garra ceylonensis'' Pieter Bleeker, Bleeker, 1863 (Ceylon logsucker) * ''Garra chakpiensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 * ''Garra chathensis'' Sophiya Ezung, Ezung, Bungdon Shangningam, Shangningam & Pranay Punj Pankaj, Pankaj, 2020 * ''Garra chaudhurii'' Hora, 1921 * ''Garra chebera'' Redeat Habteselassie, Habteselassie, Ernst Mikschi, Mikschi, Harald Ahnelt, Ahnelt & Herwig Waidbacher, Waidbacher, 2010 * ''Garra chindwinensis'' Nongthombam Premananda, Premananda, Kosygin, Bano Saidullah, Saidullah, 2017 * ''Garra chingaiensis'' Thonbamliu Abonmai, Abonmai, Linthoingambi Irengbam, Linthoingambi, Catherine Ngangbam, Ngangbam, Kalpana Thoidingjam, Thoidingjam & Kh. Rajmani Singh, K. R. Singh, 2023 * ''Garra chivaensis'' Wanglar Alphonsa Moyon, Moyon & Laiphrakpam Arunkumar, L. Arunkumar, 2020 * ''Garra clavirostris'' Roni, Thaosen Sarbojit, Sarbojit & Vishwanath, 2017 * ''Garra compressa'' Laishram Kosygin, Kosygin & Waikhom Vishwanath, Vishwanath, 1998 * ''Garra congoensis'' Max Poll, Poll, 1959 * ''Garra cornigera'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 * ''Garra culiciphaga'' (Pellegrin, 1927) (Redstripe barb) * ''Garra cyclostomata'' Mai Đinh Yên, Đ. Y. Mai, 1978 * ''Garra cyrano'' Maurice Kottelat, Kottelat, 2000 * ''Garra dampaensis'' Samuel Lalronunga, Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013 * ''Garra deccanensis'' Shrikant Jadhav (zoologist), Jadhav, Madasamy Karuthapandi, Karuthapandi, Shangningam, Deepa Jaiswal, Jaiswal & C. Shiva Shankar, Shankar, 2022 * ''Garra dembecha'' Abebe Getahun, Getahun & Melanie L. J. Stiassny, Stiassny, 2007 * ''Garra dembeensis'' (Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Rüppell, Rüppell, 1835) (Dembea stone lapper) * ''Garra dengba'' Shi-Qing Deng, S.-Q. Deng, L. Cao & E. Zhang, 2018 * ''Garra dohjei'' Marngar, Mawlong & Lokeshwor, 2024 * ''Garra dulongensis'' (Zi Ming Chen, Chen, Xiao-Fu Pan, X. F. Pan, Hong Xiao, X. Hong & J. X. Yang, 2006) * ''Garra dunsirei'' Keith Edward Banister, Banister, 1987 * ''Garra duobarbis'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * ''Garra elegans'' (Albert Günther, Günther, 1868) * ''Garra elongata'' Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000 * ''Garra emarginata'' B. Madhusoodana Kurup, Kurup & Kizhakke Veetil Radhakrishnan, Radhakrishnan, 2011 * ''Garra ethelwynnae'' Ambat Gopalan Kutty Menon, Menon, 1958 * ''Garra festai'' (Enrico Tortonese, Tortonese, 1939) * ''Garra flavatra'' Sven Oscar Kullander, S. O. Kullander & Fang Fang Kullander, F. Fang, 2004 * ''Garra fluviatilis'' Punnatut Kangrang, Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Frederick William Henry Beamish, Beamish, 2016 * ''Garra fuliginosa'' Fowler, 1934 * ''Garra gallagheri'' Krupp, 1988 (Black Garra) * ''Garra geba'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * ''Garra ghorensis'' Krupp, 1982 * ''Garra gotyla'' (John Edward Gray, J. E. Gray, 1830) (Sucker head) * ''Garra gracilis'' (Pellegrin & Pierre Chevey, Chevey, 1936) * ''Garra gravelyi'' (Thomas Nelson Annandale, Annandale, 1919) * ''Garra gymnothorax'' Lev Berg, Berg, 1949 (Chest scaleless garra) * ''Garra hexagonarostris'' Nebeshwar, Yumnam Rameshori, Rameshori & Salam Prabina, Prabina, 2024 * ''Garra hindii'' (Boulenger, 1905) * ''Garra hormuzensis'' Mazaher Zamani Faradonbe, Zamani-Faradonbe, E. Zhang & Yazdan Keivany, Keivany, 2021 * ''Garra hughi'' Eric Godwin Silas, Silas, 1955 * ''Garra ignestii'' (Luisa Gianferrari, Gianferrari, 1925) * ''Garra imberbis'' (Vinciguerra, 1890) * ''Garra irangensis'' Premananda, 2023 * ''Garra jaldhakaensis'' Kosygin, Shangningam, Pratima Singh (zoologist), Singh & U. Das, 2021 * ''Garra jamila'' Timo Moritz, Moritz, Nicolas Straube, Straube & Dirk Neumann, Neumann, 2019 * ''Garra jenkinsonianum'' Hora, 1921 * ''Garra jerdoni'' Francis Day, F. Day, 1867 * ''Garra jordanica'' Nashat Abdul-Fattah Hamidan, Hamidan, Matthias F. Geiger, Geiger & Jörg Arthur Freyhof, Freyhof, 2014 * ''Garra joshuai'' (Silas, 1954) * ''Garra kalakadensis'' Karunakaran Rema Devi, Rema Devi, 1993 * ''Garra kalpangi'' Nebeshwar, Kenjum Bagra, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012 * ''Garra kangrae'' Baini Prashad, Prashad, 1919 * ''Garra kemali'' (Bela Hankó, Hankó, 1925) (Eregil minnow) * ''Garra kempi'' Hora, 1921 * ''Garra khawbungi'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 * ''Garra kimini'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 * ''Garra klatti'' (Curt Kosswig, Kosswig, 1950) * ''Garra koladynensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2017 * ''Garra laishrami'' Supriya Surachita, Surachita, Basudhara Roy Chowdhury, Chowdhury & Sharat Kumar Palita, Palita, 2023 * ''Garra lamta'' (Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, F. Hamilton, 1822) * ''Garra lancrenonensis'' Jacques Blache, Blache & François Miton, Miton, 1960 * ''Garra langlungensis'' Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2021 * ''Garra lautior'' Keith Edward Banister, Banister, 1987 * ''Garra lissorhynchus'' (John McClelland (doctor), McClelland, 1842) * ''Garra litanensis'' Vishwanath, 1993 * ''Garra longchuanensis'' Yu Qian (biologist), Q. Yu, Wang Xu-Zhen, X. Z. Wang, Xiong Huan, H. Xiong & He Shun-Ping, S. P. He, 2016 * ''Garra longipinnis'' Banister & Margaret Anne Clarke, M. A. Clarke, 1977 * ''Garra lorestanensis'' Hamed Mousavi-Sabet, Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016 * ''Garra lungongza'' Catherine Ngangbam, Ngangbam & I. Lithoingambi, Lithoingambi, 2023 * ''Garra magnacavus'' Shangningam, Kosygin & Bikramjit Sinha, Sinha, 2019 * ''Garra magnidiscus'' Lakpa Tamang, Tamang, 2013 * ''Garra makiensis'' (George Albert Boulenger, Boulenger, 1904) * ''Garra mamshuqa'' Friedhelm Krupp, Krupp, 1983 * ''Garra manipurensis'' Vishwanath & Chungkham Sarojnalini, Sarojnalini, 1988 * ''Garra matensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2017 * ''Garra mcclellandi'' (Thomas C. Jerdon, Jerdon, 1849) * ''Garra menderesensis'' (Fahrettin Küçük, Küçük, Esra Bayçelebi, Bayçelebi, Salim Serkan Güçlü, Güçlü & İskender Gülle, Gülle, 2015) * ''Garra menoni'' Karunakaran Rema Devi, Rema Devi & T. J. Indra, 1984 * ''Garra meymehensis'' Zamani-Faradonbe, Keivany, Dorafshan & E. Zhang, 2021 * ''Garra mini'' Md. Mizanur Rahman, Rahman, Abdur Rob Mollah, Mollah, Michael Norén, Norén & S. O. Kullander, 2016 * ''Garra minibarbata'' L. Cao, Nyingi, Bart & E. Zhang 2023 * ''Garra minimus'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * ''Garra mirofrontis'' Chu Xin-Luo, X. L. Chu & Cui Gui-Hua, G. H. Cui, 1987 * ''Garra mlapparaensis'' Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011 * ''Garra mondica'' Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Freyhof, 2015 * ''Garra montisalsi'' Hora, 1921 * ''Garra motuoensis'' Zheng Gong, Z. Gong, Freyhof, Jian Wang (ichthyologist), J. Wang, Meng Liu (ichthyologist), M. Liu, Fei Liu, F. Liu, Pengcheng Lin, P. C. Lin, Yueliang Jiang, Y. Jiang & Huanzhuan Liu, H. Z. Liu 2018 * ''Garra moyonkhulleni'' Moyon & Arunkumar, 2018 * ''Garra mullya'' (William Henry Sykes, Sykes, 1839) (sucker fish) * ''Garra naganensis'' Hora, 1921 * ''Garra nambulica'' Vishwanath & H. Joyshree, Joyshree, 2005r. * ''Garra namyaensis'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 * ''Garra nana'' (Johann Jakob Heckel, Heckel, 1843) * ''Garra napata'' Moritz, Straube & Neumann, 2019 * ''Garra nasuta'' (McClelland, 1838) * ''Garra nepalensis'' Asha Rayamajhi, Rayamajhi & Arunachalam, 2017 * ''Garra nethravathiensis'' Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014 * ''Garra ngatangkha'' Arunkumar & Moyon, 2019 * ''Garra ngopi'' Diamond Rajakumar Tenali, Tenali, Rejani Chandran, Chandran, Rajeev K. Singh, R. K. Singh & Uttam Kumar Sarkar, Sarkar, 2024 * ''Garra nigricauda'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * ''Garra nigricollis'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * ''Garra notata'' (Edward Blyth, Blyth, 1860) * ''Garra nudiventris'' (Berg, 1905) * ''Garra orientalis'' John Treadwell Nichols, Nichols, 1925 * ''Garra ornata'' (Nichols & Ludlow Griscom, Griscom, 1917) * ''Garra orontesi'' Esra Bayçelebi, Bayçelebi, Cüneyt Kaya, Kaya, Davut Turan, Turan & Freyhof, 2021 * ''Garra palaniensis'' (Rema Devi & Menon, 1994) * ''Garra palaruvica'' Arunachalam, Manickam Raja, Raja, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * ''Garra panitvongi'' Weerapongse Tangjitjaroen, Tangjitjaroen, Zachary S. Randall, Z. S. Randall, Sampan Tongnunui, Tongnunui, David A. Boyd, Boyd & Lawrence M. Page, Page, 2023 * ''Garra paralissorhynchus'' Vishwanath & K. Shanta Devi, 2005 * ''Garra parastenorhynchus'' Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016 * ''Garra paratrilobata'' Roni, Yengkhom Chinglemba, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2019 * ''Garra periyarensis'' K. C. Gopi, 2001 * ''Garra persica'' Berg, 1914 * ''Garra phewakholaensis'' Limbu, Rajbanshi & Raza 2024 * ''Garra phillipsi'' Paules Edward Pieris Deraniyagala, Deraniyagala, 1933 (Phillips's garra) * ''Garra platycephala'' C. R. Narayan Rao, Narayan Rao, 1920 * ''Garra poecilura'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang 2004 * ''Garra poilanei'' Georges Petit (ichthyologist), Petit & Tchang Tchung-Lin, T. L. Tchang, 1933 * ''Garra prashadi'' Hora, 1921 * ''Garra propulvinus'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang 2004 * ''Garra qiaojiensis'' Wu Hsien-Wen, H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977 * ''Garra quadratirostris'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 * ''Garra quadrimaculata'' (Rüppell 1835) * ''Garra quangtriensis'' V. H. Nguyễn, T.H.N. Vũ & T. D. P. Nguyễn, 2015 * ''Garra rakhinica'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang 2004 * ''Garra ranganensis'' Tamang, Sinha, Santoshkumar Abujam, Abujam & Ram Kumar (ichthyologist), Kumar, 2019 * ''Garra regressa'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * ''Garra rezai'' Mousavi-Sabet, Eagderi, Maryam Saemi-Komsari, Saemi-Komsari, Kaya & Freyhof, 2022 * ''Garra rhynchota'' Otto Koller, Koller, 1926 * ''Garra robertsi'' Thoni & Mayden, 2015 * ''Garra roseae'' Mousavi-Sabet, Saemi-Komsari, Ignacio Doadrio, Doadrio & Freyhof, 2019 * ''Garra rossica'' (Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky, A. M. Nikolskii, 1900) * ''Garra rotundinasus'' E. Zhang, 2006 * ''Garra rufa'' (Johann Jakob Heckel, Heckel, 1843) (Red garra) * ''Garra rupecula'' (McClelland, 1839) * ''Garra sahilia'' Krupp, 1983 * ''Garra salweenica'' Hora & Dev Dev Mukerji, Mukerji, 1934 * ''Garra sannarensis'' Moritz, Straube & Neumann, 2019 * ''Garra sauvagei'' (Louis Charles Émile Lortet, Lortet, 1883) * ''Garra shamal'' Sandra Kirchner, Kirchner, Luise Kruckenhauser, Kruckenhauser, Arthur Pichler, Pichler, Kai Borkenhagen, Borkenhagen & Freyhof, 2020 * ''Garra sharq'' Kirchner, Kruckenhauser, Pichler, Borkenhagen & Freyhof, 2020 * ''Garra simbalbaraensis'' Shibananda Rath, Rath, Shangningam & Kosygin, 2019 * ''Garra sindhi'' Robert Gary Lyon, Lyon, Geiger & Freyhof, 2016. * ''Garra songbangensis'' V. H. Nguyễn, T.H.N. Vũ & T. D. P. Nguyễn, 2015 * ''Garra spilota'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * ''Garra stenorhynchus'' Jerdon, 1849 * ''Garra substrictorostris'' Roni & Vishwanath, 2018 * ''Garra surendranathanii'' C. P. Shaji, L. K. Arun & P. S. Easa, 1996 * ''Garra surgifrons'' Wei Zhou, W. Zhou & Chao Sun (ichthyologist), C. Sun, 2018 * ''Garra surinbinnani'' Page, Ray, Tongnunui, Boyd & Randall, 2019 * ''Garra tamangi'' Shantabala Devi Gurumayum, Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016 * ''Garra tana'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * ''Garra tashanensis'' Mousavi-Sabet, Saber Vatandoust, Vatandoust, Yaser Fatemi, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016 * ''Garra tengchongensis'' E. Zhang & Chen Yi-Yu, Y. Y. Chen, 2002 * ''Garra tezuensis'' Kalpana Thoidingjam, Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Kh. R. Singh, 2023 * ''Garra tiam'' Mazaher Zamani-Faradonbe, Zamani-Faradonbe, Yazdan Keivany, Keivany, Salar Dorafshan, Dorafshan & E. Zhang, 2021 * ''Garra tibanica'' Ethelwynn Trewavas, Trewavas, 1941 * ''Garra tibetana'' Gong Zheng (ichthyologist), G. Zheng; Deng Shuqing, S. Q. Deng; J. Wang; Liu Huanzhang, H. Z. Lui, 2018 * ''Garra trewavasae'' Théodore Monod, Monod, 1950 * ''Garra triangularis'' Shangningam, Rath & Kosygin, 2021 * ''Garra trilobata'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 * ''Garra turcica'' Mladen S. Karaman, Karaman 1971 * ''Garra typhlops'' (Anton Frederik Bruun, Bruun & E. W. Kaiser, 1944) (Iran cave barb) * ''Garra ukhrulensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 * ''Garra variabilis'' (Heckel, 1843) (Variable garra) * ''Garra vinciguerrae'' (Boulenger 1901) (Cameroon logsucker) * ''Garra waensis'' Amornchai Lothongkham, Lothongkham, Sakda Arbsuwan, Arbsuwan & Prachya Musikasinthorn, Musikasinthorn, 2014 * ''Garra wanae'' (Charles Tate Regan, Regan, 1914) * ''Garra waterloti'' (Pellegrin, 1936) * ''Garra widdowsoni'' (Trewavas, 1955) (Iraq blind barb) * ''Garra yajiangensis'' Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu, 2018 * ''Garra zubzaensis'' Tenali, Shangningam, Pampa Bhattacharjee, Bhattacharjee, Arun Bhai Patel, Patel & Kosygin, 2024

References

{{Authority control Garra, Cyprinidae genera Taxa named by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton Taxonomy articles created by Polbot