Garhi Shahu
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Garhi Shahu () (English: Fortress of Shahu) is a union council and historic neighbourhood in Gulberg Tehsil of
Lahore Lahore ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, Pakistani province of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, second-largest city in Pakistan, after Karachi, and ...
,
Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
,
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
. Garhi Shahu is one of Lahore's oldest residential neighbourhoods outside the Old City and is located near
Lahore Junction railway station Lahore Junction Railway Station (Urdu, ), is the main railway station in Lahore, Pakistan. It is among the oldest railway stations of the Indian subcontinent. Construction commenced shortly after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, 1857 War of Indepen ...
. Garhi Shahu is home to imposing government buildings like the huge Governor’s House, with colonial-era Indo-Gothic arches and Palladian colonnades, and the 1938 Punjab Assembly. Among modern buildings in the locality, the Alhamra Art Center stages drama and art exhibitions, while Al-Falah Theatre shows popular plays and comedy. Well known hip-hop artist Dawar Mahmood, better known as Mr Dawar, also hails from Garhi Shahu. The area is named after the notorious 19th-century gang leader and robber baron Shahu.


History


Early history and etymology (pre-1880)

The area known today as Garhi Shahu was known as Mohallah Syedan during the 17th century. It was named after Syed Jan Muhammad Hazuri, a resident religious scholar who is also the namesake of the Hazuri Bagh. The area was a prominent neighbourhood home to many religious intellectuals, including well-known Baghdadi scholar Abu Khair who maintained a renowned madrassah there. After the fall of the
Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an Early modern period, early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to ...
, the area fell into anarchy. Mohallah Syedan was located in a lawless area between the domains of the three Sikh kings in the 19th century. During this time, a gangster named Shahu took power of this area. He had a gang of robber barons. He expropriated Abu Khair's sizable madrassah to maintain a storage house for stolen goods. The Sikhs, and then the British, would later refer to it Garhi Shahu, aka Shahu's Fortress or Fortalice.


British period and the Railway Station (1880-1947)

The railway system in the Indian subcontinent operated as a system of private companies, including the Scinde Railway, and public rail lines, such as the Punjab Railway that connected Lahore and
Karachi Karachi is the capital city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Sindh, Pakistan. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, largest city in Pakistan and 12th List of largest cities, largest in the world, with a popul ...
. In 1886, the British Raj amalgamated all private and public rail systems as The North Western State Railway to both secure the border against
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...
and meet the increased demand to transport raw materials. The Lahore Railway Station, finished in 1860, became a prominent junction and railway workers were required. Garhi Shahu neighbourhood was adjacent to the Lahore Railway Station, and so became home to large residential colonies for white British railway workers. Later, the British brought in upper-caste
Goan Catholics Goan Catholics () are an Ethnoreligious group, ethno-religious community adhering to the Latin Church, Latin Rite of the Catholic Church from the Goa state, in the southern part of the Konkan region along the west coast of India. They are Konka ...
to work the railway as professionals, including in the Punjab Police and the railway police. Low-wage workers included
Punjabi Muslims Punjabi Muslims are Punjabis who are adherents of Islam. With a population of more than 112 million, they are the third-largest predominantly Islam-adhering Muslims, Muslim ethnicity in the world, after Arab Muslims, Arabs and Bengali Muslims, ...
and Dalit Christians. After Partition, many Goan Catholics left, though Dalit Christians and Muslims would stay.


Post-partition history (1947-present)

The North Western State Railway became the
Pakistan Railways Pakistan Railways is the state-owned railway operator in Pakistan. Founded in 1861 as the North Western State Railway and headquartered in Lahore, it owns of operational track across Pakistan, stretching from Peshawar to Karachi, offering bot ...
after
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
. Today, the area still serves as residence to workers, professionals, and low-wage workers connected to the railway. It has some elite institutions like Aitchison College and Lahore Gymkhana. Because of its centrality and historical significance, Garhi Shahu is home to many prominent institutions and places, while it is connected to significant thoroughfares around the city. Abu Khair's madrassah still stands today as a mosque. The area has a sizable minority Christian population as well. Other than the massive Cathedral Church of The Resurrection on Mall Road, the area has prominent churches like the Naulakha Presbyterian Church and St. Anthony Church on Empress Road. There is also an important Christian cemetery adjacent to the area in the historic Hindu neighbourhood Dharampura. In 2012, the Lahore Development Authority took control of Gosha-e-Aman, a large Christian complex in the neighbourhood that included a covenant, a church, and small residences. The property was demolished, which ignited large-scale protests by civil society and the Christian community.


Notable places

* Abu Khair's Madrassah * Lahore Railway Station *
Aitchison College Aitchison College is an elite private, boarding school, boarding Junior School, Secondary School for boys in Lahore, Pakistan. It has educated Prime Minister of Pakistan, prime ministers, including Imran Khan, Feroz Khan Noon, president of Pakist ...
* Govt Queen Mary College * Convent of Jesus and Mary * Governor House * Victoria Park * Aiwan-e-Iqbal Complex * Burt Hall * Lahore Gymkhana * Alhamra Arts Center * Bibi Pak Daman Shrine * Faletti's Hotel * Abdul Rehman Park


References

{{Neighbourhoods of Lahore Gulberg, Lahore