Garfield Park Conservatory, located in
Garfield Park in
Chicago
Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...
, is one of the largest greenhouse
conservatories in the
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
. Often referred to as "landscape art under glass", the Garfield Park Conservatory occupies approximately inside and out and contains a number of permanent plant exhibits incorporating specimens from around the world, including some
cycad
Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk (botany), trunk with a crown (botany), crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants o ...
s that are over 200 years old.
Along with the
Lincoln Park Conservatory on Chicago's north side, the Garfield Park Conservatory provides significant horticultural collections, educational programs and community outreach efforts.
History
In the late 19th century, each of the three large West Side parks had its own small conservatory and propagation greenhouses. After 20 years of use, these conservatories had fallen into a state of disrepair and had become obsolete.
In 1905, Chicago's West Park Commission's general superintendent and chief landscape architect,
Jens Jensen, demolished the three smaller greenhouses in
Humboldt,
Douglass, and Garfield parks to create what was intended as "the largest publicly owned conservatory under one roof in the world" in Garfield Park. Many of the original plantings came from the three smaller Westside conservatories.
Constructed between 1906 and 1907, the Garfield Park Conservatory was designed by Jensen in collaboration with
Prairie School
Prairie School is a late 19th and early 20th-century architectural style, most common in the Midwestern United States. The style is usually marked by horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, windows grouped i ...
architects
Schmidt, Garden and Martin and the New York engineering firm of Hitchings and Company. It represents a unique collaboration of architects, engineers, landscape architects, sculptors, and artisans.
Jensen conceived the conservatory as a series of naturalistic landscapes under glass, a revolutionary idea at the time. The simple yet strong shape of the structure, which is meant to emulate the haystacks of the Midwest, complements the collection of plants and foliage that it houses.

Today, the conservatory still follows the original tenets of Jensen. One of the most popular rooms is the first presented to visitors, the Palm Room. In it are over 7 dozen varieties of
palm tree
The Arecaceae () is a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are colloquially c ...
s of the over 2,700 varieties known to exist today. Of particular importance is the
double coconut palm, first grown by employees of the conservatory in 1959. The double coconut palm is found only off the coast of South Africa in its native environment and produces what is believed to be the largest seed of any plant in the world, weighing up to . The double coconut palm at the conservatory died of currently unknown causes in February 2012.
Because of the species' rarity in the wild, and the challenges of cultivation, it is not expected to be replaced.
After many decades of neglect, the conservatory underwent a multimillion-dollar restoration in 1994.
The non-profit Garfield Park Conservatory Alliance formed to help maintain the structure and provide programs and services for visitors.
In a
hail
Hail is a form of solid Precipitation (meteorology), precipitation. It is distinct from ice pellets (American English "sleet"), though the two are often confused. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailsto ...
storm on the night of June 30, 2011, the conservatory suffered catastrophic damage to glass in showrooms as well as production houses where plants are grown or stored. Five recently renovated showrooms contained
laminated glass and therefore sustained less damage.
Some areas reopened to the public July 3.
The Fern Room reopened December 1, 2011,
and the remaining areas opened January 24, 2012.
To help raise money for the repairs local artist Bryan Northup created, and the Conservatory sold, limited-edition bowls out of the broken glass.
The Garfield Park Conservatory is also known to be a place where people have illegally abandoned their pets, often lizard and other reptiles. Staff try to rescue them and are sometimes successful at capturing them and connecting them with local animal rescue groups, but oftentimes the animals end up dying of exposure or starvation according to staff.
Awards and honors
In 2012, the conservatory won the National Medal for Museum and Library Services. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, Garfield Park Conservatory was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places
by the
American Institute of Architects
The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach progr ...
Illinois component (AIA Illinois).
Gallery
Garfield park conservatory Chicago marker.jpg, Historical plaque.
Wide angle view.jpg, Inside the conservatory.
Coco de Mer seed in incubation at Garfield park conservatory 2014.jpg, Conservation work of an endangered coco de mer seed.
Conservatory garden.jpg, Living wall display at the conservatory.
Garfield Park Conservatory Water Lily Pond.jpg, Water Lily Pond.
Clerodendrum speciosissimum kz1.jpg, ('' Clerodendrum speciosissimum'')
Garfield Park Conservatory (Chicago) (38053007686).jpg, A traditional Moroccan fountain
020908 - Chocolate Fest - Garfield Park Conservatory - Chicago-90 (2254398844).jpg, Chocolate Fest event.
Flyover above Garfield Park Conservatory.webm, Aerial footage of the conservatory. (Video)
See also
*
References
External links
*
Chicago Park District: GPC page2012 Medal Winner: Garfield Park Conservatory (video)Garfield Park ConservatorySociety of Architectural Historians SAH ARCHIPEDIA entry on Garfield Park Conservatory{{coord, 41, 53, 11, N, 87, 43, 2, W, display=title
Botanical gardens in Illinois
Parks in Chicago
Tourist attractions in Chicago
Buildings and structures in Chicago
Greenhouses in Illinois
1880s establishments in Illinois
Cultural institutions and organizations in Chicago