Garbary Street

Garbary street is located in the ''Okole'' district of Bydgoszcz city, Poland. Its development occurred during the second half of the 19th century and today it displays several buildings listed on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage list, with a variety of architectural styles, from eclectic to early modernist. The area also nurtured a series of local successful factories, under the Prussian and the Polish periods.

Location

The street is located on an area between the Brda river, laid on an ESE-WNW axis. It starts from the river bank and crosses a handful of other streets, among which Królowej Jadwigi Street.

History

The plot of land where the street lies was called ''canalswerder'' () in the 19th century, as mentioned on an 1857 Prussian map of Bromberg.

Indeed, the area was delimited by the Brda river bed on the north and the Bydgoszcz Canal on the south. Nowadays, the sector is even cut off in the north-west by a second section of the Bydgoszcz canal, built in the early 20th century.

The street is mentioned as early as the mid-19th century, as the address of the successful ''Buchholz tannery''. The rest of the building plots have been completed at the turn of the 20th century.

The street bore only two names through time:
* 19th century - 1920 and during German occupation, ''Albert straße'', from Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906);
* 1920 - 1939 and since 1945, ''Ulica Garbary''.
The current appellation ''Garbary'' refers to the ''(Buchholz ) tannery'', called ''garbarnia'' in Polish.

Main edifices

House at 1

Today occupied by a modest house, the plot was owned at the end of the 19th century by the ''Prussian State Bank'' () and was offering guest rooms.

File:Garbary 1.jpg, House at 1

Former Buchholz's tannery at 2/4

1877

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list Nr.601293, A/1066 (18 April 1995)

The Ludwig Buchholz's Tannery was a leather complex factory which operated from 1845 to 1992 in Bydgoszcz. The plot and the administrative building are now used by the ''Private University of Economy of Bydgoszcz'' ().

File:Garbarnia Bucholza stan 1875-1900 mal Berthold Jaeckel.jpg, Sketch of the tannery at the end of the 19th century
File:Willa, Bydgoszcz, ul. Garbary 2 by AW.jpg, Former Buchholz's villa
File:Garbarbia Buchholza Bydg od Brdy 3.jpg, Today's view of the area

Tenement at 3

1880s, Eclecticism

The plot has long been housing manufacturing industries:
* in the 1880s, it was the property of Theodor Simons, an entrepreneur in the cigarette business. In the 1900s, he ran there a local printing house, ''Bromberger Unparteiischen'';
* in the 1910s, Simons's business was acquired by the company ''F. Eberhardt'', producing cast iron and steam powered engines, located at Swiętej Trojcy street.
* during the interwar, Marian Dziatkiewicz (1895–1965) set up in 1926 a production of photochemical plates, ''Alfa''. In 1934, the successful business produced a million square meters of photographic papers and 30,000 square meters of photographic plates.
The growing success of the company led to the moving of the expanding factories in the area of Piekna street in Bydgoszcz before WWII: it was then renamed ''FOTON''.

The building retains only its global shape, with a high corner wall gable, but it lacks any architectural motif.

File:Garbary 3.jpg, Building at 3

Tenement at 5

1950

Initially owned by Theodor Simons's firm, the lot moved to the ownership of August Appelt in the late 1890s. He established there, then ''Albertstrasse 4'', a shutter and roller blinds factory, ''Jalousie Fabrik''.

During Communist period, the area housed the production site Nr.5 of the state-owned enterprise of food industry () '' Jutrzenka'', specialized in sweets and chocolates. In 2014, the Polish company ''Colian'' which succeeded ''Jutrzenka'' after the fall of communism, announced that the lot will be transformed into a housing estate.

File:Garbary 5 Zaklad cukierniczy Jutrzenka 1900.jpg, Agust Appelt Factory ca 1900
File:Garbary 5 Zaklad cukierniczy Jutrzenka.jpg, Former Jutrzenka production site at 5
File:Garbary 5.jpg, Former Jutrzenka production site at 5

Tenements at 6/8

1937–1938, Early modernism

In the end of the 19th century, the land at ''Albertstrasse 32/34'' had been acquired by the tanning firm of Buchholz. It remained the case until the early 1930s, when modernist buildings were erected in 1937–1938. These tenements were very popular at the time, as one can still notice today in downtown Bydgoszcz (e.g. Kossowski's 20 Stycznia 1920 Street 41 or Ossoliński Alley 17 and 19 from Bolesław Polakiewicz).

The edifices kept their modern style entrance, the main door flanked by brick columns, covered by a square roof, with glazed brick surrounding the glass opening running through the stairs. These tenements have been refurbished in 2019–2020.

File:Garbary 8 6.jpg, View of 6 and 8
File:Garbary 8.jpg, Entrance at 8, before renovation

Tenement at 9

1894–1895, Eclecticism

Earliest record of this building dates back to 1896, with the mention of the name of Friedrich Meyer, a builder, for landlord. However, he never lived there.

Although damaged, the elevation still displays interesting motifs: cartouches, a large entrance door with a semi-circle transom light, pedimented windows on the first floor and a corbel table carrying the roof. The western frontage onto Królowej Jadwigi Street has been decorated with old style visual advertising, prequel to the future global overhaul of the edifice.

File:Garbary 9.jpg, Main elevation from the street
File:Bdg Garbary retro mural 1 6-2015.jpg, Old style adverts

ßrojahn tenement at 12

1904–1905, Neo-gothic

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list Nr.735495, A/1556 (26 March 2010)

This corner building has been commissioned by Theodor ßrojahn, a master locksmith, who lived in the neighbouring Holzhostraße (today's Naruszewicza street). He kept ownership of the tenement till 1920.

Gorgeously restored in 2018, this neo-gothic housing is teeming with architectural motifs and minute decoration, such as the corner bay window topped by an onion dome, the delicate framing of the openings, the pinnacles crowning the wall gable or the adorned main entry door.

File:Bdg Garbary12 2 6-2015.jpg, Bay window onto Garbary street, topped with pinnacles
File:Bdg Garbary12 1 02-2014.jpg, Bay window onion dome roof
File:Bydgoszcz,neogotycka kamienica na ul.Garbary 12.jpg, Frontage onto Naruszewicza street
File:Garbary 12 door.jpg, Entry door

House at 14

1880s

This old tenement has been first owned in the 1880s by a shoemaker, Martin Krusziński

File:Garbary 14.jpg, View from the street

Tenement at Królowej Jadwigi Street 1, corner with Garbary street

1890s

Eclecticism

Initially at ''Albertstraße 12'', then ''Viktoria Straße 8'', the tenement had been owned since 1878 by Gustav Modrakowski, a butcher, living at ''Feldstraße 7'' (today's Jackowskiego street).

The corner building displays eclectic features on both facades. On the ground floor, bossage and round top windows topped by young female mascarons. On Królowej Jadwigi Street, the main portal is flanked by columns. The first floor boasts pedimented openings, with balustrade. On the corner, a bay window stretches through two levels, supported by ornamented brackets. On the right end of Królowej Jadwigi Street's facade, a slight avant-corps is underlined by two tall Corinthian order columns.

File:1 Krolowej Jadwigi.jpg, Frontage on Garbary Street
File:N1 door.jpg, Door portal
File:Bdg KrolJadwigi1 11 02-2014.jpg, Detail of mascaron
File:Bdg KrolJadwigi1 4 02-2014.jpg, Avant-corps
File:Bdg KrolJadwigi1 8 02-2014.jpg, Corner bay window

Tenement at Królowej Jadwigi Street 2, corner with Garbary street

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage list, Nr.601372 Reg.A/824 (May 30, 1994)Załącznik do uchwały Nr XXXIV/601/13 Sejmiku Województwa Kujawsko-Pomorskiego z dnia 20 maja 2013 r.

1900–1901, by Paul Böhm, Historicism

Paul Böhm, architect and designer of several buildings in Bydgoszcz ( Słowackiego Street,3, Cieszkowskiego Street, 1&3, Józef Weyssenhoff Square, 5), also realized this corner edifice. He did not live there, preferring his house at ''Danzigerstraße 61'' ( Gdańska Street 107, building is gone).

The house features picturesque settings, with medieval references. Material is a mix of brick and plaster, with a particular notice to the facade on Królowej Jadwigi Street, where several architectural pieces are to be underlined. The corner is highlighted by a tall bay window adorned with gothic-shaped windows, oeil-de-boeuf and stuccoed motifs, topped by an octagonal tower capped by a crenellated conical roof. The frontage onto Jadwigi Street possesses another grand bay window with the same gothic-medieval allusions (e.g. the crow-stepped gable). In addition, the highest part displays in a medallion a figure of Tadeusz Kościuszko (by Piotr Triebler); above the medallion, a statue of Queen Jadwiga stands in a niche, towering the whole street that bears her name.

File:Bydgoszcz, dom, 1900-1901 bb.JPG, View from the street
File:Dom, Bydgoszcz, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 2 - widok z boku, by AW.jpg, Elevation on Królowej Jadwigi Street
File:Bydgoszcz, dom, 1900-1901 f.JPG, Bay window on the street
File:Bdg KJadwigi2 4 07-2013.jpg, Details of the sculptures on the crow-stepped gable
File:Bdg KJadwigi2 1 07-2013.jpg, Detail of the medieval style corner tower

Tenement at 16

1906–1907, Art Nouveau

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list Nr.727946, A/1535 (23 July 2009)

This building had as first landlord Gottlob Götting, an ex-carpenter, then a rentier, who also owned other tenements in the same street (at 18, 28 and 30).

The facade underwent a full overhaul in the late 2018, underlining Art Nouveau features and stuccoed motifs.

File:Garbary 16 (2).jpg, Renovated elevation at 16

Tenement at 17

1875–1900, Eclecticism

First recorded landlord was Johann Pfefferkorn, a teacher.

Main elevation on the street displays an eclectic architectural style.

File:Garbary 17.jpg, Main frontage from the street

Götting tenement at 18

1882, Eclecticism

Gottlob Götting, a carpenter at the time, acquired this building in the 1880s, located then at ''ALbertstraße 23''. Later on, he commissioned or bought several tenements in the street (at 16, 28 and 30).

Main elevation on the street displays an eclectic architectural style, mirroring 17's facade.

File:Garbary 18.jpg, Main elevation

Tenement at 19

1906–1907, Art Nouveau

Julius Thiede, a butcher, is recorded as the first landlord of this building. At the time, the address was ''Albertstraße 11''.

The facade underwent a renovation in 2018, underlining Art Nouveau stuccoed motifs.

File:Garbary 19.jpg, Frontage on the street
File:Garbary 19 top.jpg, Motifs details
File:Garbary 19 2.jpg, Stuccoed decoration

Viktor Petrikowski tenement at 20

1903–1904, Art Nouveau

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage list Nr.601294, A/823/1-2 (25 May 1994)

This building has been commissioned and designed by a local carpenter and construction entrepreneur, Viktor Petrikowski. A year later, he built another tenement, at the corner of Zamoyskiego and 20 Stycznia 1920 Streets. He kept ownership of Garbary street's edifice until the end of WWI.

Registered on the voivodship heritage list, the edifice is almost derelict. However, one can still appreciate various Art Nouveau features, from the decorated arched frame, to the vegetal-and-figure motifs, to the wattle and daub upper part of the elevation and dormers.

File:Dom z oficyną, Bydgoszcz, ul. Garbary 20 by AW.jpg, Main frontage from the street
File:Bydgoszcz, dom (z oficyną), 1903-1904 1.JPG, Wattle and daub gable
File:Bdg Okole 34 07-2013.jpg, Stucco at the bottom of the bay window
File:Bdg Okole 33 07-2013.jpg, Door frame decoration

Tenements at 26/28

1894 (28), 1906-1907 (26), Eclecticism

Both tenements have been commissioned and managed by the city ''Housing Association'' (). Indeed, both edifices had on average 19 to 20 tenants.

Main frontages, restored in 2018–2019, exhibit a classical eclectic architectural style. 28's facade, however, exposes more interesting features.

File:Garbary 26.jpg, 26 main elevation
File:Garbary 28.jpg, 28 frontage

Tenement at 27

1893, Eclecticism

The building has been first owned by a painter, Hugo ßomrencke. Surprisingly enough, it is today famous for its mural, representing Marian Rejewski. The picture has been realized in 2018 by students from the UTP University of Sciences and Technology in Bydgoszcz ().

The main frontage, in need of a clean up, features eclectic style.

File:Garbary 27.jpg, House view from the street
File:Mural-przedstawiajacy-Mariana-Rejewskiego Garbary 27.jpg, Marian Rejewski's mural at 27

Tenement at 29, corner with Jackowskiego street

1893, Eclecticism

August Götting, a carpenter and a relative of Nr.16's owner, was the commissioner of this tenement, which he never inhabited.

Both facades exhibit eclectic features: bossage, openings with pediments and corbel table on top.

File:Garbary 29.jpg, Main view from the street

Tenement at 30, corner with Jackowskiego street

1906, Eclecticism

Like 29, the landlord of this tenement, Mr Junker, a merchant, never lived in his property.

Very similar to 29's elevation, Nr.30 displays a bay window on its corner, together with several additional levels and dormers on the top.

File:Garbary 30.jpg, Main view from Garbary street
File:Garbary 30 Jackowskiego.jpg, Frontage onto Jackowskiego street

See also

* Ludwig Buchholz's tannery in Bydgoszcz
* Photochemical Factory "Foton", Bydgoszcz
* Królowej Jadwigi Street in Bydgoszcz
* Marshal Ferdinand Foch Street in Bydgoszcz
* Bydgoszcz

References

Bibliography

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External links

Private University of Economy of Bydgoszcz at 2/4

{{Bydgoszcz streets and squares

Streets and squares in Bydgoszcz
Cultural heritage monuments in Bydgoszcz