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''Ganoderma sessile'' is a species of polypore fungus in the
Murrill described 17 new ''Ganoderma'' species in his treatises of North American polypores, including for example, ''G. oregonense, G. sessile, G. tsugae, G. tuberculosum'' and '' G. zonatum''. Most notably and controversial was the typification of ''Ganoderma sessile,'' which was described from various hardwoods only in the United States.Murrill, W. A. 1908. Agaricales (Polyporaceae). North Amer. Flora 9:73-131. The specific epithet "sessile" comes from the sessile (without typical stem) nature of this species when found growing in a natural setting. ''Ganoderma sessile'' was distinguished based on a sessile fruiting habit, common on hardwood substrates and occasionally having a reduced, eccentric or "wanting" stipe. In 1908, Atkinson considered ''G. tsugae'' and ''G. sessile'' as synonyms of ''G. lucidum,'' but erected the species ''G. subperforatum'' from a single collection in Ohio on the basis of having “smooth” spores.Atkinson, G. F. 1908. Observations on ''Polyporus lucidus'' Leys and some of its Allies from Europe and North America. Botanical Gazette 46:321-338. Although he did not recognize the genus ''Ganoderma'', but rather kept taxa in the genus, ''Polyporus'', Overholts considered ''G. sessile'' as a synonym of the European ''G. lucidum''.
In a 1920 report on Polyporaceae of North America, Murrill conceded that ''G. sessile'' was closely related to the European ''G. lucidum''.
Approximately a decade later, Haddow considered ''G. sessile'' a unique taxon, but suggested Atkinson’s ''G. subperforatum'' was a synonym of ''G. sessile,'' on the basis of the "smooth" spores the original basis of ''G. subperforatum'' when earlier named by Atkinson in 1931. Until this point, all identifications of ''Ganoderma'' taxa were based on fruiting body morphology, geography, host, and spore characters.
In 1948 and then amended in 1965, Nobles characterized the cultural characteristics of numerous wood-inhabiting hymenomycetes, including ''Ganoderma'' taxa.Nobles, M. K. 1948. Studies in Forest Pathology. IV. Identification of Cultures of Wood-Rotting Fungi. Can. J. Res. 26:281-431.Nobles, M. K. 1965. Identification of cultures of wood-inhabiting Hymenomycetes. Canadian journal of Botany 43:1097-1139. Her work laid the foundation for culture-based identifications in this group of fungi. Nobles recognized that there were differences in cultural characteristics between ''G. oregonense, G. sessile,'' and ''G. tsugae''. Although Nobles recognized ''G. lucidum'' in her 1948 publication as a correct name for the taxon from North American isolates that produce numerous broadly ovoid to elongate chlamydospores (12.0-21.0 x 7.5-10.5 μm), she corrected this misnomer in 1968 by amending the name to ''G. sessile''. Others agreed with Haddow's distinction between ''G. lucidum'' and ''G. sessile'' on the basis of smooth spores, but synonymized ''G. sessile'' with ''G. resinaceum'', a previously described European taxon. Others demonstrated the similarity in culture morphology and that vegetative compatibility was successful between the North American taxon recognized as ‘''G. lucidum’'' and the European ''G. resinaceum''.
In the monograph of North American ''Polypores'' written in 1986, which is still the only comprehensive treatise on this group of fungi unique for North America, the authors did not recognize ''G. sessile'', but rather the five species present in the U.S.: ''G. colossum'' (Fr.) C.F. Baker (current name: ''Tomophagus colossus'' (Fr.) Murrill), ''G. curtisii, G. lucidum'', ''G. oregonense,'' and ''G. tsugae''.
In a multilocus phylogeny, the authors revealed that the global diversity of the laccate ''Ganoderma'' species included three highly supported major lineages that separated ''G. oregonense/G. tsugae'' from ''G. zonatum'' and from ''G. curtisii/G. sessile,'' and these lineages were not correlated to geographical separation. These results agree with several of the earlier works focusing mostly on morphology, geography and host preference showing genetic affinity of ''G. resinaceum'' and ''G. sessile'', but with statistical support separating the European and North American taxa. Also, ''Ganoderma curtisii'' and ''G. sessile'' were separated with high levels of statistical support, although there was not enough information to say they were from distinct lineages. Lastly, ''G. sessile'' was not sister to ''G. lucidum.'' The phylogeny supported ''G. tsugae'' and ''G. oregonense'' as sister taxa to the European taxon ''G. lucdium sensu stricto''.
Ganodermataceae
The Ganodermataceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Polyporales. , Index Fungorum accepts 8 genus, genera and 300 species in the family. The family was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus An ...
family. This wood decay fungus is found commonly in Eastern North America, and is associated with declining or dead hardwoods. There is taxonomic uncertainty with this fungus since its circumscription in 1902.Murrill, W. A. 1902. The Polyporaceae of North America, genus I ''Ganoderma''. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29:599-608.
Taxonomy and history
Murrill described 17 new ''Ganoderma'' species in his treatises of North American polypores, including for example, ''G. oregonense, G. sessile, G. tsugae, G. tuberculosum'' and '' G. zonatum''. Most notably and controversial was the typification of ''Ganoderma sessile,'' which was described from various hardwoods only in the United States.Murrill, W. A. 1908. Agaricales (Polyporaceae). North Amer. Flora 9:73-131. The specific epithet "sessile" comes from the sessile (without typical stem) nature of this species when found growing in a natural setting. ''Ganoderma sessile'' was distinguished based on a sessile fruiting habit, common on hardwood substrates and occasionally having a reduced, eccentric or "wanting" stipe. In 1908, Atkinson considered ''G. tsugae'' and ''G. sessile'' as synonyms of ''G. lucidum,'' but erected the species ''G. subperforatum'' from a single collection in Ohio on the basis of having “smooth” spores.Atkinson, G. F. 1908. Observations on ''Polyporus lucidus'' Leys and some of its Allies from Europe and North America. Botanical Gazette 46:321-338. Although he did not recognize the genus ''Ganoderma'', but rather kept taxa in the genus, ''Polyporus'', Overholts considered ''G. sessile'' as a synonym of the European ''G. lucidum''.
In a 1920 report on Polyporaceae of North America, Murrill conceded that ''G. sessile'' was closely related to the European ''G. lucidum''.
Approximately a decade later, Haddow considered ''G. sessile'' a unique taxon, but suggested Atkinson’s ''G. subperforatum'' was a synonym of ''G. sessile,'' on the basis of the "smooth" spores the original basis of ''G. subperforatum'' when earlier named by Atkinson in 1931. Until this point, all identifications of ''Ganoderma'' taxa were based on fruiting body morphology, geography, host, and spore characters.
In 1948 and then amended in 1965, Nobles characterized the cultural characteristics of numerous wood-inhabiting hymenomycetes, including ''Ganoderma'' taxa.Nobles, M. K. 1948. Studies in Forest Pathology. IV. Identification of Cultures of Wood-Rotting Fungi. Can. J. Res. 26:281-431.Nobles, M. K. 1965. Identification of cultures of wood-inhabiting Hymenomycetes. Canadian journal of Botany 43:1097-1139. Her work laid the foundation for culture-based identifications in this group of fungi. Nobles recognized that there were differences in cultural characteristics between ''G. oregonense, G. sessile,'' and ''G. tsugae''. Although Nobles recognized ''G. lucidum'' in her 1948 publication as a correct name for the taxon from North American isolates that produce numerous broadly ovoid to elongate chlamydospores (12.0-21.0 x 7.5-10.5 μm), she corrected this misnomer in 1968 by amending the name to ''G. sessile''. Others agreed with Haddow's distinction between ''G. lucidum'' and ''G. sessile'' on the basis of smooth spores, but synonymized ''G. sessile'' with ''G. resinaceum'', a previously described European taxon. Others demonstrated the similarity in culture morphology and that vegetative compatibility was successful between the North American taxon recognized as ‘''G. lucidum’'' and the European ''G. resinaceum''.
In the monograph of North American ''Polypores'' written in 1986, which is still the only comprehensive treatise on this group of fungi unique for North America, the authors did not recognize ''G. sessile'', but rather the five species present in the U.S.: ''G. colossum'' (Fr.) C.F. Baker (current name: ''Tomophagus colossus'' (Fr.) Murrill), ''G. curtisii, G. lucidum'', ''G. oregonense,'' and ''G. tsugae''.
Molecular taxonomy
In a multilocus phylogeny, the authors revealed that the global diversity of the laccate ''Ganoderma'' species included three highly supported major lineages that separated ''G. oregonense/G. tsugae'' from ''G. zonatum'' and from ''G. curtisii/G. sessile,'' and these lineages were not correlated to geographical separation. These results agree with several of the earlier works focusing mostly on morphology, geography and host preference showing genetic affinity of ''G. resinaceum'' and ''G. sessile'', but with statistical support separating the European and North American taxa. Also, ''Ganoderma curtisii'' and ''G. sessile'' were separated with high levels of statistical support, although there was not enough information to say they were from distinct lineages. Lastly, ''G. sessile'' was not sister to ''G. lucidum.'' The phylogeny supported ''G. tsugae'' and ''G. oregonense'' as sister taxa to the European taxon ''G. lucdium sensu stricto''.
Description
Fruiting bodies annual and sessile (without a stipe) or pseudostipitate (very small stipe). Fruiting bodies found growing on trunks or root flares of living or dead hardwood trees. Very common taxon, being found in practically every state East of the Rocky Mountains within the United States. Mature fruiting bodies are laccate and reddish-brown, often with a wrinkled margin if dry. Fruiting bodies are shelf-like if on stumps or overlapping clusters of fan-shaped (flabelliform) fruiting bodies if growing from underground roots, and range in size of 3-20 cm in diameter. Hymenium white, bruising brown, andporoid
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