''Gammarus'' is an

amphipod Amphipoda () is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods () range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 10,700 amphipod species cur ...

crustacean Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Gammaridae Gammaridae is a family of amphipods. In North America they are included among the folk taxonomic category of " scuds", and otherwise gammarids is usually used as a common name. They have a wide distribution, centered on Eurasia, and are euryha ...

. It contains more than 200 described

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different

optimal Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled ''optimisation'') or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfiel ...

conditions, particularly in terms of

salinity Salinity () is the saltiness or amount of salt (chemistry), salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensio ...

, and different tolerances; ''

Gammarus pulex ''Gammarus pulex'' is a species of Amphipoda, amphipod crustacean found in fresh water across much of Europe. It is a greyish animal, growing to long. Description Adult males of ''Gammarus pulex'' may reach a total length of , while females on ...

'', for instance, is a purely

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mi ...

species, while ''

Gammarus locusta ''Gammarus locusta'' is a species in the family Gammaridae ("scuds"), in the order Amphipoda ("amphipods").bugguide.net

'' is estuarine, only living where the salinity is greater than 25

‰ The phrase per mille () indicates parts per thousand. The associated symbol is , similar to a per cent sign but with an extra zero in the divisor. Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling, giving other options of per mil, per mill, pe ...

. Species of ''Gammarus'' are the typical " scuds" of North America and range widely throughout the

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...

. A considerable number are also found southwards into the

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined by humans as being in the same celestial sphere, celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the Solar ...

tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

, particularly in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au ...

Species

The following species are included: Four new species were found in 2018 on the

Tibetan Plateau The Tibetan Plateau, also known as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau or Qingzang Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau located at the intersection of Central Asia, Central, South Asia, South, and East Asia. Geographically, it is located to the north of H ...

. Four more new species were described from the Chihuahuan Desert in 2021. *''

Gammarus abscisus ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' G. Karaman, 1973 *''

Gammarus abstrusus ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' Hou, Platvoet & Li, 2006 *''

Gammarus acalceolatus ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' Pinkster, 1970 *''

Gammarus accolae ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' G. Karaman, 1973 *'' Gammarus accretus'' Hou & Li, 2002 *'' Gammarus acherondytes'' Hubricht & Mackins, 1940 *'' Gammarus aequicauda'' (Martynov, 1931) *'' Gammarus agrarius'' G. Karaman, 1973 *'' Gammarus albimanus'' G. Karaman, 1968 *'' Gammarus alsaticus'' Van Straelen, 1924† *'' Gammarus altus'' Hou & Li, 2018 *'' Gammarus anatoliensis'' Schellenberg, 1937 *'' Gammarus angulatus'' (Martynov, 1930) *'' Gammarus angusticoxalis'' Martynov, 1935 *'' Gammarus annandalei'' (Monod, 1924) *'' Gammarus annulatus'' Smith, 1873 *'' Gammarus anodon'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *'' Gammarus aoculus'' Hou & Li, 2003 *'' Gammarus araxenius'' Derzhavin, 1938 *'' Gammarus arduus'' G. Karaman, 1975 *'' Gammarus argaeus'' Vávra, 1905 *'' Gammarus bakhteyaricus'' Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004 *''

Gammarus balcanicus ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' Schaferna, 1922 *''

Gammarus barnaulensis ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' Schellenberg, 1937 *'' Gammarus baysali'' Özbek et al., 2013 *''

Gammarus belli ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' G. Karaman, 1984 *'' Gammarus bergi'' Martynov, 1930 *'' Gammarus birsteini'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus bosniacus'' Schäferna, 1922 *'' Gammarus bousfieldi'' Cole & Minckley, 1961 *'' Gammarus brevicornis'' (Martynov, 1935) *'' Gammarus brevipodus'' Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004 *'' Gammarus breviramus'' Bousfield & Elwood, 1971 *'' Gammarus bucharensis'' Martynov, 1935 *'' Gammarus caparti'' Petre-Stroobants, 1981 *'' Gammarus caucasicus'' Martynov, 1932 *'' Gammarus caudisetus'' Viviani, 1805 *'' Gammarus chaohuensis'' Hou & Li, 2002 *'' Gammarus chevreuxi'' Sexton, 1913 *'' Gammarus chimkenti'' G. Karaman, 1984 *'' Gammarus chostensis'' Martynov, 1932 *'' Gammarus cohabitus'' Hosinger, Shafer, Fong & Culver, 2008 *''

Gammarus colei ''Gammarus'' is an Amphipoda, amphipod crustacean genus in the family (biology), family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimu ...

'' sp. nov. *'' Gammarus comosus'' Hou, Li & Gao, 2005 *'' Gammarus craspedotrichus'' Hou & Li, 2002 *'' Gammarus crenulatus'' G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus crinicaudatus'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *'' Gammarus crinicornis'' Stock, 1966 *'' Gammarus crispus'' Martynov, 1932 *'' Gammarus curvativus'' Hou & Li, 2003 *'' Gammarus dabanus'' Tachteew & Mekhanikova, 2000 *'' Gammarus daiberi'' Bousfield, 1969 *'' Gammarus decorosus'' Meng, Hou & Li, 2003 *'' Gammarus denticulatus'' Hou, Li & Morino, 2002 *'' Gammarus desperatus'' Cole, 1981 *'' Gammarus dorsosetosus'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *'' Gammarus duebeni'' Liljeborg, 1852 *'' Gammarus dulensis'' S. Karaman, 1929 *'' Gammarus edwardsi'' Bate, 1862 *'' Gammarus effultus'' G. Karaman, 1975 *'' Gammarus electrus'' Hou & Li, 2003 *'' Gammarus elevatus'' Hou, Li & Morino, 2002 *'' Gammarus elvirae'' Iannilli & Ruffo, 2002 *'' Gammarus emeiensis'' Hou, Li & Koenemann, 2002 *'' Gammarus fasciatus'' Say, 1818 *'' Gammarus finmarchicus'' Dahl, 1938 *'' Gammarus flabellifera'' Stimpson, 1856 *'' Gammarus fluviatilis'' Milne-Edwards, 1840† *'' Gammarus fontinalis'' Costa, 1883 *''

Gammarus fossarum ''Gammarus fossarum'' is a species complex of freshwater amphipod crustacean native to Europe. They are abundant members of the macroinvertebrate community, and also used as model organisms for ecotoxicology. Description ''Gammarus fossarum'' ...

'' Koch, 1836 *'' Gammarus frater'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus frigidus'' Hou & Li, 2004 *'' Gammarus galgosensis'' Lee & Kim, 2004 *'' Gammarus galgosensis'' Lee & Kim, 1980 *'' Gammarus gauthieri'' (S. Karaman, 1935) *'' Gammarus glabratus'' Hou & Li, 2003 *'' Gammarus goedmakersae'' G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus gonggaensis'' Hou & Li, 2018 *''

Gammarus gracilis ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' Martynov, 1935 *'' Gammarus gregoryi'' Tattersall, 1924 *'' Gammarus halilicae'' G. Karaman, 1969 *'' Gammarus hegmatanensis'' Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011 *'' Gammarus hirsutus'' Martynov, 1935 *'' Gammarus hongyuanensis'' Barnard & Dai, 1988 *'' Gammarus hoonsooi'' Lee, 1986 *'' Gammarus hyalelloides'' Cole, 1976 *'' Gammarus ibericus'' Margalef, 1951 *'' Gammarus inaequicauda'' Stock, 1966 *'' Gammarus inberbus'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus inopinatus'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *'' Gammarus insensibilis'' Stock, 1966 *'' Gammarus italicus'' Goedmakers & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus izmirensis'' Özbek, 2007 *'' Gammarus jacksoni'' Morino & Whitman, 1995 *'' Gammarus jaspidus'' Hou & Li, 2004 *'' Gammarus jenneri'' Bynum & Fox, 1977 *'' Gammarus kamtschaticus'' Tzvetkova, 1972 *'' Gammarus kangdingensis'' Hou & Li, 2018 *'' Gammarus kasymovi'' Aliev, 1997 *'' Gammarus katagani'' Özbek, 2012 *'' Gammarus kesanensis'' Özbek & Camur-Elipek, 2010 *'' Gammarus kesslerianus'' Martynov, 1931 *'' Gammarus kischineffensis'' Schellenberg, 1937 *'' Gammarus komareki'' (Schaferna, 1922) *'' Gammarus korbuensis'' Martynov, 1930 *'' Gammarus koshovi'' Bazikalova, 1946 *'' Gammarus kyonggiensis'' Lee & Seo, 1990 *'' Gammarus laborifer'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus lacustris'' G. O. Sars, 1864 *'' Gammarus langi'' sp. nov. *'' Gammarus lasaensis'' Barnard & Dai, 1988 *'' Gammarus laticoxalis'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus lawrencianus'' Bousfield, 1956 *'' Gammarus lecroyae'' Thoma & Heard, 2009 *'' Gammarus ledoyeri'' G. Karaman, 1987 *'' Gammarus lepoliensis'' Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989 *'' Gammarus lichuanensis'' Hou & Li, 2002 *'' Gammarus limnaeus'' S. I. smith, 1874 *'' Gammarus limosus'' Hou & Li, 2018 *'' Gammarus lobifer'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *''

Gammarus locusta ''Gammarus locusta'' is a species in the family Gammaridae ("scuds"), in the order Amphipoda ("amphipods").bugguide.net

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) *'' Gammarus longipedis'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1987 *'' Gammarus longisaeta'' Lee & Seo, 1992 *'' Gammarus lophacanthus'' Hou & Li, 2002 *'' Gammarus lordeganensis'' Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004 *'' Gammarus lychnidensis'' Schellenberg, 1943 *'' Gammarus macedonicus'' G. Karaman, 1976 *'' Gammarus madidus'' Hou & Li, 2005 *'' Gammarus malpaisensis'' sp. nov. *'' Gammarus marmouchensis'' Fadil, 2006 *'' Gammarus maroccanus'' Fadil & Dakki, 2001 *'' Gammarus martensi'' Hou & Li, 2004 *'' Gammarus matienus'' Derzhavin, 1938 *'' Gammarus miae'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *'' Gammarus microps'' Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975 *'' Gammarus minus'' Say, 1818 *'' Gammarus mladeni'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus monospeliensis'' Pinkster, 1972 *'' Gammarus montanus'' Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004 *'' Gammarus morcea'' Özbek & Aydin, 2023 *'' Gammarus mucronatus'' Say, 1818 *'' Gammarus murarius'' Hou & Li, 2004 *'' Gammarus nekkensis'' Uchida, 1935 *'' Gammarus ninglangensis'' Hou & Li, 2003 *'' Gammarus nipponensis'' Uéno, 1940 *'' Gammarus nox'' Stock, 1995 *'' Gammarus nudus'' Martynov, 1931 *'' Gammarus obnixus'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus obruki'' Özbek, 2012 *'' Gammarus oceanicus'' Segerstråle, 1947 *'' Gammarus ocellatus'' Martynov, 1930 *'' Gammarus ochridensis'' (Schäferna, 1926) *'' Gammarus odaensis'' Lee & Kim, 1980 *'' Gammarus odettae'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *'' Gammarus oeningensis'' Heer, 1865† *'' Gammarus orinos'' Pinkster & Schol, 1984 *'' Gammarus oronticus'' Alouf, 1979 *'' Gammarus osellai'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus pageti'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *'' Gammarus palustris'' Bousfield, 1969 *'' Gammarus parechiniformis'' G. Karaman, 1977 *'' Gammarus paricrenatus'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *'' Gammarus parthicus'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *'' Gammarus paucispinus'' Hou & Li, 2002 *'' Gammarus pavlovici'' *'' Gammarus pavo'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *'' Gammarus paynei'' Delong, 1992 *'' Gammarus pecos'' Cole & Bousfield, 1970 *'' Gammarus pellucidus'' Gurjanova, 1930 *'' Gammarus percalacustris'' sp. nov. *'' Gammarus pexus'' Hou & Li, 2005 *'' Gammarus platvoeti'' Hou & Li, 2003 *'' Gammarus pljakici'' G. Karaman, 1964 *'' Gammarus plumipes'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *'' Gammarus praecyrius'' Derzhavin, 1941† *'' Gammarus preciosus'' Wang, Hou & Li, 2009 *'' Gammarus pretzmanni'' Mateus & Mateus, 1990 *'' Gammarus proiectus'' Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 *'' Gammarus pseudoanatoliensis'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1987 *'' Gammarus pseudolimnaeus'' Bousfield, 1958 *'' Gammarus pseudosyriacus'' Karaman & Pinkster, 1977 *''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 *'' Gammarus qiani'' Hou & Li, 2002 *'' Gammarus rambouseki'' S. Karaman, 1931 *''

Gammarus retzi ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' Maikovsky, 1941† *''

Gammarus rifatlensis ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' Fadil, 2006 *'' Gammarus riparius'' Hou & Li, 2002 *''

Gammarus roeselii ''Gammarus roeselii'' is a species of freshwater amphipod native to Europe. Nomenclature Gervais described G. roeselii in 1835 under today's correct name G. roeselii GERVAIS , 1835. Since he wrote the description in Latin and used the Latinize ...

'' Gervais, 1835 *''

Gammarus rouxi ''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in ...

'' Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975 *'' Gammarus salemaai'' G. Karaman, 1985 *'' Gammarus salinus'' Spooner, 1947 *'' Gammarus sepidannus'' Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009 *'' Gammarus setosus'' Dementieva, 1931 *'' Gammarus shanxiensis'' Barnard & Dai, 1988 *'' Gammarus shenmuensis'' Hou & Li, 2004 *'' Gammarus sichuanensis'' Hou, Li & Zheng, 2002 *'' Gammarus sinuolatus'' Hou & Li, 2004 *'' Gammarus sirvannus'' Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011 *'' Gammarus sketi'' G. Karaman, 1989 *'' Gammarus sobaegensis'' G. Karaman, 1984 *'' Gammarus solidus'' G. Karaman, 1977 *'' Gammarus songirdaki'' G. Karaman, 1984 *'' Gammarus soyoensis'' Lee & Kim, 1980 *'' Gammarus spelaeus'' Martynov, 1931 *'' Gammarus spinipalmus'' (Chen, 1939) *'' Gammarus spooneri'' G. Karaman, 1991 *'' Gammarus stagnarius'' Hou, Li & Morino, 2002 *'' Gammarus stalagmiticus'' Hou & Li, 2005 *'' Gammarus stankokaramani'' G. Karaman, 1976 *'' Gammarus stojicevici'' (S. Karaman, 1929) *'' Gammarus stupendus'' Pinkster, 1983 *'' Gammarus subtypicus'' Stock, 1966 *'' Gammarus suifunensis'' Martynov, 1925 *'' Gammarus syriacus'' Chevreux, 1895 *'' Gammarus takesensis'' Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004 *'' Gammarus taliensis'' Shen, 1954 *'' Gammarus tauricus'' Martynov, 1931 *'' Gammarus teletzkensis'' Martynov, 1930 *'' Gammarus tigrinus'' Sexton, 1939 *'' Gammarus topkarai'' Özbek & Balik, 2009 *'' Gammarus translucidus'' Hou, Li & Li, 2004 *'' Gammarus troglophilus'' Hubricht & Mackins, 1940 *'' Gammarus truncatus'' Martynov, 1930 *'' Gammarus turanus'' Martynov, 1935 *'' Gammarus uludagi'' G. S. Karaman, 1975 *'' Gammarus unguiserratus'' Costa, 1853 *'' Gammarus ustaoglui'' Özbek & Guloglu, 2005 *'' Gammarus varsoviensis'' Jazdzewski, 1975 *'' Gammarus vignai'' Pinkster & Karaman, 1978 *'' Gammarus wangbangensis'' Lee & Seo, 1990 *'' Gammarus wautieri'' Roux, 1967 *'' Gammarus wilkitzkii'' Birula, 1897 *'' Gammarus xiangfengensis'' Hou & Li, 2002 *'' Gammarus zaddachi'' Sexton, 1912 *'' Gammarus zagrosensis'' Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009 *'' Gammarus zeongogensis'' Lee & Kim, 1980 *'' Gammarus kunti'' Özbek, Baytaşoğlu & Aksu, 2023

References

{{Authority control Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphipod genera