Gammaridae is a
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of
amphipods
Amphipoda () is an order (biology), order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods () range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 10,700 amphip ...
. In
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...
they are included among the
folk taxonomic category of "
scuds", and otherwise gammarids is usually used as a common name.
They have a wide distribution, centered on
Eurasia
Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...
, and are
euryhaline
Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities. An example of a euryhaline fish is the short-finned molly, '' Poecilia sphenops'', which can live in fresh water, brackish water, or salt water.
The green crab ('' Carcinus m ...
as a lineage, inhabiting fresh to marine waters.
Systematics
The Gammaridae were for a long time used as a "
wastebin taxon
Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined by e ...
", which included numerous genera of
gammaridea
Gammaridea was one of the suborders of the order Amphipoda, comprising small, shrimp-like crustaceans. In a traditional classification, it encompassed about 7,275 (92%) of the 7,900 species of amphipods described by then, in approximately 1,000 g ...
n amphipods that since then have been removed to their own families, such as the
Anisogammaridae
Anisogammaridae is a family (biology), family of small benthic Amphipoda, amphipods, endemic to the northern part of the Pacific rim. The family contains the following genera:
*''Anisogammarus'' Derzhavin, 1927
*''Barrowgammarus'' Bousfield, 197 ...
,
Melitidae
Melitidae is a family (biology), family of Amphipoda, amphipods. It contains around 45 genera, and formerly included a further 40 genera that are now placed in the family Maeridae.
Genera
*''Abludomelita''
*''Allomelita''
*''Alsacomelita''
*'' ...
and
Niphargidae.
The following genera are currently listed in the family:
*''
Akerogammarus''
Derzhavin & Pjatakova, 1967
*''
Albanogammarus''
Ruffo, 1995
*''
Amathillina''
G. O. Sars, 1894
*''
Axelboeckia''
Stebbing, 1899
*''
Baku
Baku (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Azerbaijan, largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus region. Baku is below sea level, which makes it the List of capital ci ...
''
Karaman & Barnard, 1979
*''
Cephalogammarus''
Karaman & Barnard, 1979
*''
Chaetogammarus''
Martynov, 1924
*''
Comatogammarus''
Stock, 1981
*''
Condiciogammarus''
G. Karaman, 1984
*''
Dershavinella''
Birstein, 1938
*''
Dikerogammarus''
Stebbing, 1899
*''
Echinogammarus
''Echinogammarus'' is a genus of amphipod crustaceans in the family Gammaridae. The status of many of its species is ''incertae sedis'', but its type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type spe ...
''
Stebbing, 1899
*''
Gammarus
''Gammarus'' is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans. Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly ...
''
Fabricius, 1775
*''
Gmelina
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species, native to Australia, Southeast Asia, India, New Guinea and New Caledonia. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become naturalised ...
''
G. O. Sars, 1894
*''
Gmelinopsis''
G. O. Sars, 1896
*''
Homoeogammarus''
Schellenberg, 1937
*''
Ilvanella''
Vigna-Taglianti, 1971
*''
Jubeogammarus''
G. Karaman, 1984
*''
Jugogammarus''
S. Karaman, 1953
*''
Kuzmelina''
Karaman & Barnard, 1979
*''
Lanceogammarus''
Karaman & Barnard, 1979
*''
Laurogammarus''
G. Karaman, 1984
*''
Longigammarus''
G.S. Karaman, 1970
*''
Lunulogammarus''
Krapp-Schickel, Ruffo & Schiecke, 1994
*''
Lusigammarus''
Barnard & Barnard, 1983
*''
Marinogammarus''
Sexton & Spooner, 1940
*''
Neogammarus''
Ruffo, 1937
*''
Parhomoeogammarus''
Schellenberg, 1943
*''
Pectenogammarus''
Reid, 1940
*''
Relictogammarus''
Hou & Sket, 2016
*''
Rhipidogammarus''
Stock, 1971
*''
Sarothrogammarus''
Martynov, 1935
*''
Scytaelina''
Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
*''
Shablogammarus''
Carausu, Dobreanu & Manolache, 1955
*''
Sinogammarus''
Karaman & Ruffo, 1994
*''
Sowinskya''
Derzhavin, 1948
*''
Tadzhikistania''
Barnard & Barnard, 1983
*''
Tadzocrangonyx''
Karaman & Barnard, 1979
*''
Trichogammarus''
Hou & Sket, 2016
*''
Tyrrhenogammarus''
Karaman & Ruffo, 1989
*''
Yogmelina''
Karaman & Barnard, 1979
References
External links
Scuds in the Aquarium Scuds In Aquarium (What are they and should I remove them)
Amphipod families
{{amphipod-stub