''Gallibacterium anatis'', formerly ''Pasteurella anatis'', is a

Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists ...

, nonmotile,

penicillin Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of beta-lactam antibiotic, β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from ''Penicillium'' Mold (fungus), moulds, principally ''Penicillium chrysogenum, P. chrysogenum'' and ''Penicillium rubens, P. ru ...

-sensitive

coccobacillus Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria (and archae ...

in the family

Pasteurellaceae The Pasteurellaceae comprise a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. Most members live as commensals on mucosal surfaces of birds and mammals, especially in the upper respiratory tract. Pasteurellaceae are typically rod-shaped, and are a notabl ...

. Members of this family can cause

zoonotic A zoonosis (; plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a virus, bacterium, parasite, fungi, or prion) that can jump from a non-human vertebrate to a human. When h ...

infections in humans, typically manifesting as skin or soft tissue infections following animal bites. ''G. anatis'' is primarily found in chickens. Infected chickens may exhibit

sinusitis Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include production of thick nasal mucus, nasal congestion, facial congestion, facial pain, facial pressure ...

, nasal discharge, a drop in egg production, and low mortality.

Vaccination

Vaccines for chickens have been developed using

bacterial outer membrane vesicles Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicle (biology and chemistry), vesicles released from the bacterial outer membrane, outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. While Gram-positive bacteria release vesicles as well, those vesicles fall under ...

purified by hydrostatic filtration dialysis. Several of these have successfully produced immunity in domestic chickens. Antenucci et al. (2020) demonstrated the most consistent product and effective immune provocation among HFD OMV processes, but overall HFD has yet to prove itself against other vaccine production techniques. Nonetheless, it is a promising line of research .

References

External links

Animal bite infections (healthAtoZ.com)
(archived)
VetBact entry

(archived) Bacterial diseases Zoonoses Pasteurellales Bacteria described in 1985 {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub

Vaccination

See also

References

Further reading

External links