Galician-language literature is the literature written in Galician. The earliest works in Galician language are from the early 13th-century ''

trovadorismo In the Middle Ages, the Galician-Portuguese lyric, also known as ''trovadorismo'' in Portugal and ''trobadorismo'' in Galicia, was a lyric poetic school or movement. All told, there are around 1680 texts in the so-called secular lyric or ''lír ...

'' tradition. In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

, ''Galego-português'' (

Galician-Portuguese Galician-Portuguese ( gl, galego-portugués or ', pt, galego-português or ), also known as Old Portuguese or as Medieval Galician when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle ...

) was a language of culture, poetry (troubadours) and religion throughout not only

Galicia Galicia may refer to: Geographic regions * Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain ** Gallaecia, a Roman province ** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia ** The medieval King ...

and

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, In recognized minority languages of Portugal: :* mwl, República Pertuesa is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Macaronesian ...

but also Castile. After the separation of Portuguese and Galician, Galician was considered provincial and was not widely used for literary or academic purposes. It was with the ''

Rexurdimento The ''Rexurdimento'' ( Galician for Resurgence) was a period in the History of Galicia during the 19th century. Its central feature was the revitalization of the Galician language as a vehicle of social and cultural expression after the so-call ...

'' ("Rebirth"), in the mid-19th century that Galician was used again in literature, and then in politics. Much

literature by Galician authors The literature written by Galician authors has been developed in both Galician language literature and Spanish literature. The earliest works written in Galician language are from the early 13th-century '' trovadorismo'' tradition. In the Middle ...

is written in Spanish, such as by

Ignacio Ramonet Ignacio Ramonet Miguez (born 5 May 1943) is a Spanish academic, journalist and writer who has been based in Paris for much of his career. After becoming first known for writing on film and media, he became editor-in-chief of ''Le Monde diplomatiq ...

Gonzalo Torrente Ballester Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (13 June 1910 – 27 January 1999) was a Spanish writer associated with the Generation of '36 movement. Life He was born in Serantes, Ferrol, Galicia, and received his first education there, subsequently attending ...

- though such writers tend to be excluded from discussion of Galician literature and counted as

Spanish-language literature Spanish-language literature or Hispanic literature is the sum of the literary works written in the Spanish language across the Hispanic world. The principal elements are the Spanish literature of Spain, and Latin American literature. There is al ...

Rosalia Castro de Murguía Rosalia or Rosalía (with diacritic) may refer to: Persons * Saint Rosalia (1130–1166), the patron saint of Palermo in Italy * Rosalia (given name) * Rosalía (born 1992), Spanish singer Places * 314 Rosalia, an asteroid * Rosalia, Pisidi ...

's ''Cantares Gallegos'' (1863; Galician Songs) was the first Galician-language book to be published in four centuries. Related to literature, Chano Pineiro's 1989 ''Sempre Xonxa'' (Forever a Woman) is regarded as the first Galician-language film. The intellectual group Xeración Nós, a name that alludes to the Irish

Sinn Féin Sinn Féin ( , ; en, " eOurselves") is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party active throughout both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur G ...

("We Ourselves") promoted Galician culture in the 1920s. Xeración Galaxia was established to translate modern texts that would link an independent Galician culture with the European context. The Galician translation of the Bible was begun in 1968 by Editorial SEPT and published in 1989.Harald Kittel Ubersetzung, Translation, Traduction: Ein Internationales Handbuch 2011 Page 2015 "The aim of this 'Xeración' was to translate avant-garde texts that could help link an independent Galician culture with the wider European content. ... The Galician translation of the Bible was begun in 1968 and published in 1989. "

Authors

Main authors

Middle Ages

Alfonso X of Castile Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, es, el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Kingdom of Galicia, Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the April 1257 Imperial election, election of 1257, ...

Xohán de Cangas Johan de Cangas (or ''Xohan de Cangas'' in an anachronistically modernized Galician form) was a ''jograr'' or non-noble troubadour, probably active during the thirteenth century. He seems to have been from—or associated with – Cangas do Morrazo, ...

Martín Codax Martin Codax or Codaz, Martín Codax () or Martim Codax () was a Galician medieval ''joglar'' (non-noble composer and performer, as opposed to a ''trobador''), possibly from Vigo, Galicia in present-day Spain. He may have been active during th ...

Mendinho Mendinho, also ''Meendinho'', ''Mendiño'' and ''Meendiño'', was a medieval Iberian poet. Nothing is known about Mendinho except by inference. Scholars generally assume from the reference to the shrine of ''San Simión'' (in the modern Isle of ...

Dark Centuries

* Padre Sarmiento

19th century

* Rosalía de Castro * Manuel Murguía * Francisco Añón * Manuel Curros Enríquez * Eduardo Pondal

20th century

Álvaro Cunqueiro Álvaro Cunqueiro Mora ( Mondoñedo, December 22, 1911 – Vigo, February 28, 1981) was a Galician novelist, poet, playwright, and journalist. He is the author of many works in both Galician and Spanish, including ''Merlín e familia'' (" ...

Vicente Risco Vicente Martínez Risco Agüero (October 1, 1884 – April 30, 1963) was a Galician intellectual of the 20th century. He was a founder member of Xeración Nós, and among the most important figures in the history of Galician literature. He is w ...

* Xohán Vicente Viqueira *

Evaristo Martelo Paumán Evaristo Martelo y Paumán del Nero Nuñez y Zuazo-Mondragón, 6th Marquess of Almeiras (1850–1928), was a Spanish aristocrat, writer and politician. He is known chiefly as a poet who contributed to emergence of the literary Galician and who i ...

* Xesús Ferro Couselo *

Celso Emilio Ferreiro Celso Emilio Ferreiro Míguez (1912–1979) was a Galicianist activist, writer, poet, and political journalist. Early years Ferreiro was born in Celanova, into a well-off Galicianist family. In 1932, at the age of twenty, he created the ''Moced ...

(exiled in Venezuela) * Rafael Dieste *

Eduardo Blanco Amor Eduardo Modesto Blanco Amor (September 14, 1897 in Ourense – December 1, 1979 in Vigo) was a Galician writer and journalist who wrote in Galician and in Spanish. Works in Galician * ''Os Nonnatos'' (1927) * ''Romances galegos'' (1928) * ...

Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao Alfonso Daniel Manuel Rodríguez Castelao (30 January 1886 – 7 January 1950), commonly known as Castelao, was a Galician politician, writer, painter and doctor. He is one of the fathers of Galicia (Spain), Galician nationalism, promoting ...

(exiled in Argentina) *

Fermín Bouza Brei Fermín or Fermin may refer to: * Fermin, Spanish saint * Fermin (name), Spanish name and surname * Fermin IV Fermin (also Firmin, from Latin ''Firminus''; Spanish ''Fermín'') was a legendary holy man and martyr, traditionally venerated as th ...

Carlos Casares Mouriño Carlos Casares Mouriño was born in Ourense on 24 August 1941 and died in Nigrán on 9 March 2002. He was a Galician language writer. Life Carlos Casares was born in Ourense into a middle-class family in 1941. When he was three years old, his ...

Xosé Neira Vilas Xosé Neira Vilas (November 3, 1928 – November 27, 2015) was a Galicia (Spain), Galician writer. Life Son of peasants, he studied finances by mail. In 1949 he emigrated to Argentina, where he contacted with authors close to Galicianism as Lu� ...

(exiled in Cuba) *

Antón Vilar Ponte Antón is a corregimiento in Antón District, Coclé Province, Panama. It is located near the north-western shore of the Gulf of Panama The Gulf of Panama ( es, Golfo de Panamá) is a gulf of the Pacific Ocean off the southern coast of Pana ...

* Luís Seoane (born in Argentina and exiled there and in Mexico) *

Dario Xoan Cabana Dario is a masculine given name, etymologically related to Darius. Given name *Dario Allevi (born 1965), Italian politician *Dario Argento (born 1940), Italian film director *Dario Badinelli (born 1946), Italian triple jumper *Dario Bellezza (194 ...

* Silvio Santiago (exiled in Venezuela) * Ánxel Fole * Manuel Rodriguez Lopez

Contemporary

Manuel Rivas Manuel Rivas Barrós (born 24 October 1957 in A Coruña, Spain) is a Galician writer, poet and journalist. Biography Manuel Rivas Barrós began his writing career at the age of 15. He has written articles and literary essays for Spanish newspa ...

Suso de Toro Xesús Miguel "Suso" de Toro Santos (born 10 January 1956) is a Spanish writer. A modern and contemporary arts graduate, he has published more than twenty novels and plays in Galician. He is a television scriptwriter and regular contributor ...

Xurxo Borrazás Xurxo Borrazás Fariña, born in Carballo, Spain, on 6 August 1963, is a Spanish writer in Galician language and translator from English to Galician. Biography He earned a degree in English philology from the Universidade de Santiago de Comp ...

* Teresa Moure * Xosé Ramón Pena *

Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín (Ourense, 7 August 1938) is a Galician writer and poet and is widely considered the highest representative of contemporary Galician literature. A doctor in philology, he studied philosophy at the University of Sant ...

Pilar Pallarés Pilar Pallarés García (born 29 April 1957) is a Galician poet. She won the National Poetry Award, a prize awarded annually by the Ministry of Culture of Spain, in 2019 for her book of poems ''Tempo fósil''; English translation: ''Fossil Tim ...

Marilar Aleixandre María Pilar Jiménez Aleixandre (born 1947, in Madrid) is a Spanish writer, translator and biologist. She lives in Amaía, Galicia, Spain. In her own words: ''I use the Galician Language as a literary language because I have a forked tongue, ...

* Ana Romaní * Olga Novo * Estíbaliz Espinosa * Berta Dávila *

María do Cebreiro Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial *170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 * Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, ...

* Chus Pato * Ismael Ramos ''For a more extensive list of Galician-language writers, see

Día das Letras Galegas Galician Literature Day ( gl, Día das Letras Galegas) is a public holiday observed in Galicia, Spain. It is a celebration of the Galician language and its literature which was inaugurated by the Royal Galician Academy (''Real Academia Galega' ...

Other Authors

Federico García Lorca Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca (5 June 1898 – 19 August 1936), known as Federico García Lorca ( ), was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblemat ...

. The poet from

Granada Granada (,, DIN: ; grc, Ἐλιβύργη, Elibýrgē; la, Illiberis or . ) is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the c ...

wrote "Six Galician Poems" in Galician language.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galician Language Literature Literature by language Galician literature European literature Galician language