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Joseph Paul Gaimard (31 January 1793 – 10 December 1858) was a French
naval surgeon A naval surgeon, or less commonly ship's doctor, is the person responsible for the health of the ship's company aboard a warship. The term appears often in reference to Royal Navy's medical personnel during the Age of Sail. Ancient uses Specialis ...
and
naturalist Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...
.


Biography

Gaimard was born at
Saint-Zacharie Saint-Zacharie (; Provençal Occitan: ''Sant Jacariá'') is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is located within the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis, on the departmental borde ...
on January 31, 1793. He studied medicine at the naval medical school in
Toulon Toulon (, , ; , , ) is a city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the French Riviera and the historical Provence, it is the prefecture of the Var (department), Var department. The Commune of Toulon h ...
, subsequently earning his qualifications as a naval surgeon. Along with
Jean René Constant Quoy Jean René Constant Quoy (10 November 1790 in Maillé, Vendée, Maillé – 4 July 1869 in Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, Rochefort) was a French naval surgeon, zoologist and anatomist. In 1806, he began his medical studies at the school of naval ...
, he served as naturalist on the ships ''L'Uranie'' under
Louis de Freycinet Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet (7 August 1779 – 18 August 1841) was a French Navy officer. He circumnavigated the Earth, and in 1811 published the first map to show a full outline of the coastline of Australia. Biography He was born at M ...
1817–1820, and ''
L'Astrolabe ''Astrolabe'' was originally a horse-transport barge converted into an exploration ship of the French Navy. Originally named ''Coquille'', she is famous for her travels with Jules Dumont d'Urville. The name derives from an early navigational ins ...
'' under
Jules Dumont d'Urville Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (; 23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French List of explorers, explorer and French Navy, naval officer who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. As a botanist an ...
1826–1829.Google Books
Discovery of Australia's Fishes: A History of Australian Ichthyology to 1930 by Brian Saunders
During this voyage they discovered the now extinct giant
skink Skinks are a type of lizard belonging to the family (biology), family Scincidae, a family in the Taxonomic rank, infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one o ...
of
Tonga Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania. The country has 171 islands, of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in the southern Pacific Ocean. accordin ...
, '' Tachygia microlepis''. From his studies of
cholera Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...
in Europe, he co-authored ''Du choléra-morbus en Russie, en Prusse et en Autriche, pendant les années 1831-1832'' ( Cholera morbus in Russia, Prussia and Austria in the years 1831 and 1832).World Cat Identities
(publications)
He was the scientific leader on ''
La Recherche ''La Recherche'' is a monthly French language popular science magazine covering recent scientific news. It is published by the Société d'éditions scientifiques (the ''Scientific Publishing Group''), a subsidiary of Financière Tallandier. Tallan ...
'' (1835–1836) during its expedition to the
Arctic Sea The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions. It spans an area of approximately and is the coldest of the world's oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, a ...
, making voyages to coastal
Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...
and
Greenland Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenlan ...
— from 27 April to 13 September 1835 and from 21 May to 26 September 1836. Along with exploratory and scientific goals, the crew of the expedition was asked to search for French explorer Jules de Blosseville, who had disappeared aboard the ''Lilloise'' in Arctic waters a few years earlier. Out of these trips came the 9-volume ''Voyage en Islande et au Groënland'' (8 text volumes, one of geographical illustrations), which was said at the time to be the definitive study of the islands. From 1838 to 1840, again aboard ''La Recherche'', Gaimard was the leader of a scientific expedition to Lapland,
Spitzbergen Svalbard ( , ), previously known as Spitsbergen or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago that lies at the convergence of the Arctic Ocean with the Atlantic Ocean. North of mainland Europe, it lies about midway between the northern coast o ...
, and the
Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ) (alt. the Faroes) are an archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean and an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. Located between Iceland, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the islands have a populat ...
.


Eponyms

Numerous species have been named in his honor; including the following: *''
Bettongia gaimardi The eastern bettong (''Bettongia gaimardi''), also known as the southern or Tasmanian bettong, is a small, hopping, rat-like mammal native to grassy forests of southeastern Australia and Tasmania. A member of the rat-kangaroo family (Potoroidae), ...
'' – eastern bettong *'' Byblis gaimardi'' *'' Eualus gaimardii'' *'' Lophurella gaimardii'' – a marine alga *''
Poikilocarbo gaimardi The red-legged cormorant (''Poikilocarbo gaimardi''), also known as the red-legged shag, red-footed cormorant, red-footed shag, Gaimard's cormorant and grey cormorant, is a species of cormorant resident to the coastline of South America. It is th ...
'', – red-legged cormorant *'' Stenophis gaimardi'' – a
colubrid Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from , 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colu ...
snake


Writings

His scientific publications include a major work on the results of each of these four great expeditions. *''Voyage autour du monde … pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820'' (with Louis Claude Desaulses de Freycinet, Jean René Constant Quoy, et al.), 1824. *''Voyage de la corvette l'Astrolabe exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville'', (with Jules-Sébastien-César Dumont d'Urville, J Tastu, Jean René Constant Quoy), 1829–1835. *''Voyage en Islande et au Groënland exécuté pendant les années 1835 et 1836 sur la corvette La Recherche'', (with Eugène Robert; France. Commission scientifique du Nord), 1851. *''Voyages en Scandinavie, en Laponie, au Spitzberg et aux Feröe, pendant les années 1838, 1839, 1840 sur la corvette la Recherche, 1842''Gallica
Voyages en Scandinavie, en Laponie, au Spitzberg et aux Feröe


See also

* :Taxa named by Joseph Paul Gaimard *
European and American voyages of scientific exploration The era of European and American voyages of scientific exploration followed the Age of Discovery and were inspired by a new confidence in science and reason that arose in the Age of Enlightenment. Maritime expeditions in the Age of Discovery were ...
* La Recherche Expedition (1838–1840)


References


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaimard, Joseph Paul French naturalists Teuthologists French ornithologists 1793 births 1858 deaths People from Var (department) French surgeons Conchologists Naval surgeons