Gabriel Sylliboy

Gabriel Sylliboy (18 August 1874 – March 4, 1964) was the first Mi'kmaq elected as Grand Chief (1919) and the first to fight for the recognition by the state of Canada of the treaties between the government and the First Nations people.

Early life

Sylliboy was born at the Whycocomagh reserve on Cape Breton, Canada, on 8 August 1874. His parents were John Sylliboy and Mary, née Barrington.

Activism

Before 1918, Gabriel was already a renowned Mi'kmaq religious leader at the Whycocomagh Reserve and Grand Captain of Mi'kmawey Mawio'mi or the Mi'kmaq Grand Council. After Chief John Denny Jr. in 1918, Sylliboy became the first elected Grand Chief.

Ten years later, in 1929, Sylliboy after being found carrying muskrat pelts, was arrested for hunting out of season and convicted. He invoked treaty rights1752 Peace and Friendship Treaty Between His Majesty the King and the Jean Baptiste Cope
Treaty Texts, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Government of Canada, 7 March 2016 dating to 1752 as his defense during the court case and subsequent appeal, both of which he lost.9 decades after hunting conviction, Mi'kmaq leader gets posthumous pardon
by Joan Weeks, CBC News, 16 February 2017

Death

Sylliboy died on 4 March 1964, in Sydney, Cape Breton County.Births, Marriages, Deaths
in Historical Vital Statistics, Nova Scotia During his life, he could not speak, read, or write English. He insisted that his grandchildren be formally educated in English, while at the same time remain immersed in the Mi'kmaq culture and language.

Legacy

In 1986, the Supreme Court of Canada overturned the decision in Mr. Sylliboy's case. In the case of ''Simon vs. The Queen'', the Court found that the appellant, James Simon of Nova Scotia, a registered Mi'kmaq, had the right to hunt for food. Simon had relied for his defense on the same Peace and Friendship Treaty as Sylliboy. Chief Justice Brian Dickson wrote that "the language used n the Sylliboy casereflects the biases and prejudice of another era in anada'shistory. Such language is no longer acceptable."

Fourteen years later, in 1999, the ''R v Marshall'' ruling stated that the treaties from 1760 and 1761 show the Mi'kmaq can earn a living from hunting and fishing as their ancestors did when they traded with the Europeans.Script
for the documentary ''Glooscap Returns: The Re-birth of A Nation'' by CBC Radio One's Kelly Ryan, broadcast on ''The World This Weekend'' on 26 December 1999 and ''The World at Six'', 3 January 2000 It was a case brought on by Donald Marshall Jr., wrongfully convicted of murder in the early 1970s and himself the son of a Mi’kmaq grand chief.

In February 2017, the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, J.J. Grant, granted a posthumous pardon to Gabriel Sylliboy, declaring that this "helps acknowledge the struggles of the past and honour those who sought to exercise their rights." He added that it "is a process of treaty education that includes understanding and valuing what the Mi’kmaq have contributed in shaping this province and nation." On 16 February 2017, the Office of the Premier of Nova Scotia issued an official apology and pardon statement:

We recognize that the treatment of the grand chief was unjust. The province apologizes to the family of Grand Chief Sylliboy and the Mi'kmaw community for this injustice. An important step on our path toward reconciliation is recognizing the mistakes of the past so we can build a better future for all Nova Scotians.Pardon, Apology, for Late Grand Chief Gabriel Sylliboy
by the Office of the Premier of Nova Scotia, 16 February 2017

Grand Chief Ben Sylliboy of the Mi’kmaq Grand Council stated that the fact that the "Mi’kmaq eopletoday celebrate their aboriginal and treaty rights is due to people like the heroic late grand chief."Overdue pardon: Let’s celebrate Gabriel Sylliboy
, editorial, ''The Chronicle Herald'', 18 February 2017

See also

*Treaty Day
*History of Nova Scotia
*List of Grand Chiefs (Mi'kmaq)

References

Further reading

* Wicken, William C. ''The Colonization of Mi'kmaw Memory and History, 1794-1928: The King V. Gabriel Sylliboy'', University of Toronto Press, 1st edition: 15 June 15, 2012,

External links

Account of the first election for the office of Grand Chief held at Chapel Island in 1918
''Cape Breton Magazine''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sylliboy, Gabriel
1874 births
1964 deaths
19th-century First Nations people
20th-century First Nations people
Canadian activists
Indigenous leaders in Atlantic Canada
Mi'kmaq people
People from Inverness County, Nova Scotia
People who have received posthumous pardons