Gabdulkhay Khuramovich Akhatov (

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

: Габдулха́й Хура́мович Аха́тов; Volga Tatar: Габделхәй Хурам улы Əхәтов; September 8, 1927 – November 25, 1986) was a Soviet Tatar

Linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds ...

, Turkologist and an organizer of science (earning his first Ph.D. in 1954) and then a second

doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''doctor'', meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism '' licentia docendi'' ("licence to teach ...

Philology Philology () is the study of language in Oral tradition, oral and writing, written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also de ...

in 1965,Tatar Encyclopedia, Vol 1: The article "Akhatov Gabdulkhay Khuramovich." - "Institute of Tatar encyclopedia", Kazan, 2002, p. 233. attaining

professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other tertiary education, post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin ...

ship in 1970. Akhatov graduated with honors from Kazan State Pedagogical Institute in 1951 and later from graduate school in 1954. He became a member of the

Higher Attestation Commission Higher Attestation Commission (, , abbreviated Cyrillic: ВАК, Latin: VAK) is a name of a national government agency in Russia, Ukraine and some other post-Soviet states that oversees awarding of advanced academic degrees. Due to translation diff ...

of the

Council of Ministers Council of Ministers is a traditional name given to the supreme Executive (government), executive organ in some governments. It is usually equivalent to the term Cabinet (government), cabinet. The term Council of State is a similar name that also m ...

of the

USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

and was also chairman of the specialized boards for doctoral and master's theses in a number of universities across the now-defunct USSR. Akhatov was the founder of a number of research institutions, including the modern scientific school of Tatar

dialectological Dialectology (from Greek , ''dialektos'', "talk, dialect"; and , '' -logia'') is the scientific study of dialects: subsets of languages. Though in the 19th century a branch of historical linguistics, dialectology is often now considered a sub-fiel ...

and the phraseological Kazan school. Although Gabdulkhay Akhatov was a Volga Tatar, he immersed into studying of the

phonetic Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds or, in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Linguists who specialize in studying the physical properties of speech are phoneticians ...

peculiarities of

Siberian Tatar language Siberian Tatar () is a Turkic language spoken by about 140,000 people in Western Siberia, Russia, primarily in the oblasts of Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo Oblasts, but also in Sverdlovsk and Kurgan Oblasts. According to Marcel E ...

of the indigenous population of

Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...

, the

Siberian Tatars Siberian Tatars () are the Indigenous peoples of Siberia, indigenous Turkic languages, Turkic-speaking population of the forests and steppes of southern Western Siberia, originating in areas stretching from somewhat east of the Ural Mountains to ...

. In his classic fundamental research work "The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Akhatov wrote about Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars, a western group of Siberian Tatars, who are indigenous to the

Omsk Omsk (; , ) is the administrative center and largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia and has a population of over one million. Omsk is the third List of cities and tow ...

and

Tyumen Tyumen ( ; rus, Тюмень, p=tʲʉˈmʲenʲ, a=Ru-Tyumen.ogg) is the administrative center and largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is situated just east of the Ural Mountains, along the Tura ( ...

Oblasts. After a comprehensive integrated analysis of the phonetic system, the lexical composition and the grammatical structure, the scientist concluded that the language of the Siberian Tatars was a separate language from the beginning, and it is one of the most ancient

Turkic languages The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia. The Turkic langua ...

.''Gabdulkhay Akhatov.'' Dialect West Siberian Tatars. Ufa, 1963, 195 p. He put the dialects of the Siberian Tatar language into two categories; one of

Baraba The Baraba Tatars ( Siberian Tatar: параба, бараба, барама, бараба татарлар) are a sub-group of Siberian Tatars and the indigenous people of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve. After a strenuous resistance to Russian conq ...

and Tom Tatars which he named dialects of Eastern Siberian Tatars, while dialects of Tyumen and Omsk Oblasts he named dialects of Western Siberian Tatars. By studying the phonetic peculiarities of the dialect of the local population of Siberia, Professor G.Akhatov first among the scientists discovered that certain dialects of Siberian Tatar have developed a merger of the phonemes “tch” and “ts”,Gabdulkhay Akhatov. The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars. Ufa, 1963, 195 p. which in his opinion, resulted from the influence of

Kipchak language Cuman or Kuman (also called Kipchak, Qypchaq or Polovtsian, self referred to as Tatar () in Codex Cumanicus) was a West Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to tod ...

. Akhatov, for the first time in Turkic studies, gave a theoretically consistent and systematic description of the

idiomatic expression An idiom is a phrase or expression that largely or exclusively carries a figurative or non-literal meaning, rather than making any literal sense. Categorized as formulaic language, an idiomatic expression's meaning is different from the lite ...

s of the Volga Tatar language. He is the author of the widely known book - "Phraseological Dictionary of the Tatar Language" (1982). For more than 30 years, Professor Akhatov headed the department of Tatar philology at various universities and institutes in Russia. Akhatov also did research on the general theory of language. He published a fundamental work on the main sign of paired words, explored and thoroughly investigated the nature of the

double negative A double negative is a construction occurring when two forms of grammatical negation are used in the same sentence. This is typically used to convey a different shade of meaning from a strictly positive sentence ("You're not unattractive" vs "You ...

in the Turkic languages, and also discovered and formulated the law of pairing in Turkic languages. Akhatov trained over 40

doctors Doctor, Doctors, The Doctor or The Doctors may refer to: Titles and occupations * Physician, a medical practitioner * Doctor (title), an academic title for the holder of a doctoral-level degree ** Doctorate ** List of doctoral degrees awarded b ...

and candidates of sciences, and published about 200

scientific papers Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the Natural science, natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research an ...

. He was a true

polyglot Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a group of speakers. When the languages are just two, it is usually called bilingualism. It is believed that multilingual speakers outnumber monolin ...

. He knew more than two dozen languages. A number of his scientific works were highly praised at the XIII International Congress of Linguists (ICL) (

Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...

, 1982).Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Linguists, August 29 — September 4, 1982,

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

. Akhatov organized and led several dialectological expeditions and was the author of fundamental scientific works, dictionaries, textbooks, manuals and programs for

dialectology Dialectology (from Ancient Greek, Greek , ''dialektos'', "talk, dialect"; and , ''-logy, -logia'') is the scientific study of dialects: subsets of languages. Though in the 19th century a branch of historical linguistics, dialectology is often now c ...

phraseology In linguistics, phraseology is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively referred to as ''phrasemes''), in which the component parts of the expression tak ...

, and

lexicology Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that analyzes the lexicon of a specific language. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language that can stand on its own, and is made up of small components called morphemes and even smaller elemen ...

. He was a recipient of the

Medal "For Labour Valour" The Medal "For Labour Valour" () was a civilian labour award of the Soviet Union bestowed to especially deserving workers to recognise and honour dedicated and valorous labour or significant contributions in the fields of science, culture or t ...

and the Medal "Veteran of Labour". His son Aydar Akhatov (born 20 June 1957) is a Russian state, political and public figure,

Economist An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social sciences, social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this ...

, a second

Economics Economics () is a behavioral science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interac ...

Ecologist Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely re ...

and

Lawyer A lawyer is a person who is qualified to offer advice about the law, draft legal documents, or represent individuals in legal matters. The exact nature of a lawyer's work varies depending on the legal jurisdiction and the legal system, as w ...

.Tatar Encyclopedia, Vol 1: The article " Aydar Gabdulkhaevich Akhatov ." - "Institute of Tatar encyclopedia". - Kazan, 2002, p. 233.

Major works

*Akhatov G. Phraseological Expressions in Tatar Language. Kazan: KSU Publishing House, 1960. *Akhatov G. Issues of Teaching Methods of the Tatar Language in the Eastern Dialect" (Monograph). Tobolsk, 1958. *Akhatov G. The Language of the Siberian Tatars. Phonetic Features "(Monograph). Ufa, 1960. *Akhatov G. About the Ethnogenesis of the Western Siberian Tatars.- Sat. 'Questions Dialectology Turkic Languages', Kazan, 1960. *Akhatov G. About the Accent in the Language of the Siberian Tatars in Connection with the Accent of Modern Tatar Literary Language" .- Sat 'Problems of Turkic and the History of Russian Oriental Studies.' Kazan, 1960. *Akhatov G. Some Features of the Teaching of the Mother Tongue in the Conditions of the Eastern Dialect of the Tatar Language.- Sat 'Questions dialectology Turkic languages'. Kazan, 1960. *Akhatov G. About Peculiarities of Idiomatic Expression. - J. 'Soviet school'. Kazan, 1960.(Tatar Language) *Akhatov G. Dialect of the Western Siberian Tatars (Monograph). Ufa, 1963. *Akhatov G. Local Dialects are Reliable Source for Comparative and Historical Study of Languages." - Sat. 'Questions Dialectology of the Turkic Languages.' Baku, 1963. *Akhatov G. Lexical and Phraseological Peculiarities of the Eastern Dialect of the Tatar Language. - Sat. 'Proceedings of Universities of the Ural Economic District. Linguistics.' - Sverdlovsk, 1963. *Akhatov G. About the Accent in the Language of the Siberian Tatars. - Sat. 'Problems of Turkic and Oriental History." Kazan: KSU Publishing House, 1964. *Akhatov G. Dialects of the Western Siberian Tatars. Diss. for DSc in Philologist. of Sciences. Tashkent, 1965. *Akhatov G. Language Сontacts of Peoples of the Volga and Ural (Monograph). Ufa, 1970. *Akhatov G. Phraseology (Monograph). Ufa, 1972. *Akhatov G. The Modern Tatar Language (a Program for University Students). Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan State Pedagogical Institute. 1974. *Akhatov G. The Vocabulary of Modern Tatar Language" (a Textbook for University Students). Ufa, 1975. *Akhatov G. Tatar Phraseology (a Program for University Students). Ufa: BSU Publishing House, 1975. *Akhatov G. Dialect of the Western Siberian Tatars in the Relation to the Literary Language. Ufa: BSU Publishing House, 1975. *Akhatov G. The Use of Dialectal Data for Comparative History Study of the Turkic Languages.– Sat. ' Soviet Turkology and Development of Turkic Languages in the USSR'. Alma-Ata, 1976. *Akhatov G. Tatar Dialectology. Dialect of the Western Siberian Tatars "(Textbook for University Students). Ufa, 1977. *Akhatov G. Polysemous Words in the Tatar Language (a Program Elective Course for University Students). Ufa, BSU Publishing House, 1977. *Akhatov G. Tatar Dialectology. Average Dialect (Textbook for University Students). Ufa, 1979. *Akhatov G. About the Drafting of the Tatar Language Phrasebook (Monograph). Ufa, 1979. *Akhatov G. Arsk Subdialect of Kazan Dialect of the Tatar Language.- Sat. of Chuvash State University named Ulyanov, Cheboksary, 1979. *Akhatov G. Lexicology of modern Tatar Literary Language (Monograph). Kazan, 1979. *Akhatov G. Mishar Dialect of Tatar Language" (a Textbook for University Students). Ufa, 1980. *Akhatov G. Sources of the Construction of Historical Dialectology of the Tatar Language. - Sat. 'Linguistic Geography and History of the Language Problem'. Nalchik, 1981. *Akhatov G. Menzelinsk Subdialect of the Tatar Language.- Sat. of Chuvash State University named Ulyanov, Cheboksary, 1979. *Akhatov G. About Basic Features of Paired Words. - J. "The Soviet Finno-Ugric." Talin, 1981, № 2. *Akhatov G. Dialects and Toponymy of the Volga Region (Interuniversity Collection).- Sat. of Chuvash State University named Ulyanov, Cheboksary, 1981. *Akhatov G. Phraseological Dictionary of the Tatar Language" (Monograph). Kazan, 1982. *Akhatov G. The Modern Tatar Literary Language" (Monograph). Kazan, 1982.(Tatar Language) *Akhatov G. Antonyms and Principles of the First in the Tatar Language Dictionary of Antonyms" (Monograph). Ufa, 1982. *Akhatov G. Tatar Dialectology (Textbook for University Students), Kazan, 1984. (Tatar Language) *Akhatov G. About the Nature of the Double Negative in the Turkic Languages of Kipchak-Bulgar Subgroup. - J. 'Soviet Turkology'. 1984, № 3. *Akhatov G. Winged Words. – J. 'Yalkyn'. Kazan, 1985, № 11.(Tatar Language) *Akhatov G. About the Law of the Pairing of Words in Turkic Languages / Sat. 'Turcologica'. - Moscow, 1987. *Achatow G. Unsere vielsprachige Welt / NL, Berlin, 1986, № 4.(German) *Achatow G. Linguistik im Bund mit Computer / NL, Berlin, 1986, № 24.(German) *Akhatov G. Vocabulary of the Tatar Language (Textbook for Students of Universities and Colleges). Kazan, 1995.(Tatar Language)

References

External links

The scientific heritage of Professor Gabdulkhay Akhatov

British Library : Works by Professor G. Kh. Akhatov
*
Work by Professor G. Аkhatov in University of Michigan (U.S.A.)

Professor Gabdulkhay Akhatov is the famous Russian scientist
*VIAF / ''Works by Professor G. Kh. Akhatov'' : 114024654/ *WorldCat / ''Works by Professor G. Kh. Akhatov''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akhatov, Gabdulkhay 1927 births 1986 deaths People from Aktanyshsky District Volga Tatar people Tatar people from the Soviet Union Soviet philologists Linguists from the Soviet Union Linguists of Turkic languages