Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 (GORASP1) also known as Golgi reassembly-stacking protein of 65 kDa (GRASP65) is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''GORASP1''

gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

Function

The

Golgi complex The Golgi apparatus (), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic Cell (biology), cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it protein targeting, packages proteins ...

plays a key role in the

sorting Sorting refers to ordering data in an increasing or decreasing manner according to some linear relationship among the data items. # ordering: arranging items in a sequence ordered by some criterion; # categorizing: grouping items with similar p ...

and modification of proteins exported from the

endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryote, eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. The word endoplasmic means "within the cytoplasm", and reticulum is Latin for ...

. The GORASP1 protein is a

peripheral membrane protein Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. These proteins attach to integral membrane proteins, or penetrate the periph ...

anchored to the

lipid bilayer The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes form a continuous barrier around all cell (biology), cells. The cell membranes of almost all organisms and many viruses a ...

through

myristoylation Myristoylation is a lipidation modification where a myristoyl group, derived from myristic acid, is covalently attached by an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an ''N''-terminal glycine residue. Myristic acid is a 14-carbon saturated f ...

of a

glycine Glycine (symbol Gly or G; ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid. Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (G ...

residue near the protein's

amino terminus The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the amin ...

. It is involved in establishing the stacked structure of the Golgi apparatus and linking the stacks into larger ribbons in vertebrate cells. It is a

caspase-3 Caspase-3 is a caspase protein that interacts with caspase-8 and caspase-9. It is encoded by the ''CASP3'' gene. ''CASP3'' orthologs have been identified in numerous mammals for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also ...

substrate, and cleavage of this encoded protein contributes to Golgi fragmentation in apoptosis. GORASP1 can form a complex with the Golgi matrix protein GM130, and this complex binds to the vesicle docking protein

p115 P115 may refer to: * , a patrol boat of the Mexican Navy * Boulton Paul P.115, a British trainer aircraft * BRM P115, a Formula One racing car * Papyrus 115, a biblical manuscript * , a patrol boat of the Turkish Navy * USO1, general vesicular trans ...

. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been identified, but their full-length natures have not been determined.

Structure

GORASP1 contains two

PDZ domain The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 Amino acid, amino-acids found in the Signal transduction, signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. Proteins containing PDZ domains play a key role in anchoring recept ...

s in the amino-terminal GRASP domain (

amino acid residues Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers specifically polypeptides formed from sequences of amino acids, which are the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid m ...

2–210), that comprises approximately half of the protein. The GRASP region interacts with the Golgi matrix protein GM130 as well as an

intrinsically disordered region In molecular biology, an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) is a protein that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure, typically in the absence of its macromolecular interaction partners, such as other proteins or RNA. IDPs rang ...

in the

C-terminus The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comp ...

Interactions

GORASP1 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization advocating for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organization was founded in 2006 and fo ...

with

TGF alpha Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFA gene. As a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, TGF-α is a mitogenic polypeptide. The protein becomes activated when binding to recepto ...

TMED2 Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TMED2'' gene. Interactions TMED2 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with GORASP1 and GORASP2. References Further reading ...

and

GOLGA2 Golgin subfamily A member 2, also known as 130 kDa cis-Golgi matrix protein 1 (GM130) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GOLGA2'' gene. Function The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins ...

Notes

References

External links

Molecular models of GRASP65/GM130/P115-mediated cis-cisternae membrane stacking and vesicle tethering.
{{gene-3-stub