Fusui County is a

county A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

in the southwest of

Guangxi Guangxi,; officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang Province, Hà Giang, Cao Bằn ...

, China. It is the easternmost

county-level division The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since 1412, due to mainland China's large population and geographical area. In the People's Republic of China, the constitution provides for three levels of government. Ho ...

of the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...

Chongzuo Chongzuo (; ) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region near the Sino-Vietnamese border. It is home to one of China's largest Zhuang people, Zhuang populations. Geography and climate Chongzuo is locate ...

Geography

Fusui is located in southwestern Guangxi and in eastern

City. It borders

Qingxiu District Qingxiu District (; Standard Zhuang: ) is the county seat and one of 7 districts of the prefecture-level city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China South China ( zh, s=, p=Huá'nán, j=jyut6 naam4) is a geo ...

Nanning Nanning; is the capital of the Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China, southern China. It is known as the "Green City (绿城) " because of its abundance of lush subtropical foliage. Located in the South of Guangxi, Nanning ...

in the east,

Shangsi County Shangsi County (; ) is a county in the southwest of Guangxi, China. It is the northernmost county-level division of Fangchenggang Fangchenggang ( "Port of Fangcheng") is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regio ...

(

Fangchenggang Fangchenggang ( "Port of Fangcheng") is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. Fangchenggang is the southernmost port in China and is located in Fangcheng. It primarily service ...

) and Ningming County in the south,

Jiangzhou District Jiangzhou District (, ) is a district and the seat of Chongzuo, Guangxi, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list ...

(Chongzuo) in the west, and

Long'an County Long'an County (; Standard Zhuang: ) is a county of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi. The westernmost county-level division of Nanning, it ...

(Nanning) in the north. The city is located on the north bank of the

Zuo River The Zuo River (,) is a river of Guangxi, China. It begins from the confluence of the Bằng River and Kỳ Cùng River near Longzhou and joins the You River ("Right River") near Nanning to form the Yong River. These rivers form part of the P ...

, offering a waterway to Nanning, whence it flows into the

Xi River The Xi River (; ) or Si-Kiang is the western tributary of the Pearl River in southern China. It is formed by the confluence of the Gui and Xun Rivers in Wuzhou, Guangxi. It originates from the eastern foot of the Maxiong Mountain in Quji ...

which provides access to

Wuzhou Wuzhou ( zh, s= , p=Wúzhōu, j=Ng⁴zau¹, postal: Wuchow; ), formerly Ngchow, is a prefecture-level city in the east of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. Geography and climate Wuzhou is located in eastern Guangxi ...

and the

Pearl River Delta The Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. Referred to as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in official documents, ...

, and is navigable by shallow-draft junks and motor launches, even though it is obstructed by rapids and sandbanks. Travelling upstream the Zuo River leads to Vietnam. Fusui is situated in a hilly basin with elevations between above sea-level. Leiyantai Mountain dominates the southern part of town. Its area is , of which is forested.

Flora and fauna

Fusui's warm climate gives it a large amount of biodiversity. There are many rare species of animals and more than 1,100 species of plants. National grade one protected animals include white-headed

langur The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split ...

s, clouded leopards, musk deer, python more than 30 species. Country grade one protected plants include

cycads Cycads are seed plants that typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen and (usually) pinnate leaves. The species are dioecious, that is, individual plants of a species are either male or ...

, and country grade two protected plants include ferns, Jian wood, and camphor wood.

Climate

Fusui's

climate Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteoro ...

is humid, subtropical, and monsoon-influenced. Within the prefecture, the annual mean is . There are 346 frost-free days. Annual precipitation is between .

History

Fusui is one of the earliest centers of Zhuang culture. Important sites dating back to the Stone Age have been found here. The

Rock Paintings of Hua Mountain The Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art Cultural Landscape () is an extensive assembly of historical rock art that was painted on limestone cliff faces in Guangxi, southern China. The paintings are located on the west bank of the Ming River () which is a tr ...

along the

at Yinweng, Qixing, Hetou, Jiaobei, Tuotan, Xiatong, Xinwan, Balai Mountain date back 1800 to 2500 years and are one of the largest groups of

pictograph A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto) is a graphical symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication. A pictography is a wri ...

s in China and in the world. On several cliff faces there are hundreds of large red pictographs depicting a large battle. The red pigment is still bright and vivid and individual figures, weapons, and animals are easy to distinguish. The cliffs, part of the sacred Frog Mountain, were an important site to the early Zhuang. A state seat called Longzhou was first established at the site in AD 638. The state government is located in today's Fusui Xinning town. This became the administrative seat of a commandery. In AD 771, the Longzhou commandery was dissolved, and the state was renamed Xiyuanzhou. In AD 1572, Xiyuanzhou commandery was dissolved, and the state was renamed Xinningzhou. In 1914, Xinningzhou was renamed Funan County, which could be regarded as the beginning of the county. In 1951, Funan, Tongzheng and Suilu County merged into Fusui County.

Administrative divisions

Fusui County is divided into 8

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

and 3

townships A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...

: Xinning Town (新宁镇), Quli Town (渠黎镇), Qujiu Town (渠旧镇), Liuqiao Town (柳桥镇), Dongmen Town (东门镇), Shanxu Town (山圩镇), Zhongdong Town (中东镇), Dongluo Town (东罗镇),

Longtou Township Longtou (; zhuang: Lungzdouz Yangh) is a Township under the administration of Fusui County in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. , it had an area of populated by 32,000 people residing in 1 residential communities () and 8 village ...

(龙头乡),

Bapen Township Bapen (; zhuang: Bahbwnz Yangh) is a Township under the administration of Fusui County in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. , it had an area of populated by 27,552 people residing in 8 villages. Administrative divisions There ar ...

(岜盆乡), Changping Township (昌平乡). As of 2011, these town-level divisions are further divided into a total of 14 residential communities and 119 villages:

Demographics

Fusui's population was 440,000 (2011). 82.8% of the people belong to the Zhuang ethnic group. The rest include Han, Yao, and other ethnic groups.

Economy

Formerly an impoverished county, Fusui from 1992 experienced agricultural growth. The county is surrounded by a fertile agricultural region producing subtropical fruits and sugarcane; food processing, flour milling, sugar refining, meatpacking, and cane sugar manufacture are important in the county. Fusui has been a center for cane sugar, sisal and cement manufacture, and it is also famous for traveling. According to statistics issued by the Fusui government in 2011, the county's GDP was 101 billion yuan. Forestry and agriculture are two of Fusui's biggest industries. Rice, beans, oranges, corn,

cassava ''Manihot esculenta'', common name, commonly called cassava, manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes. Although ...

, cinnamon, bananas, vegetables,

durian The durian () is the edible fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus ''Durio''. There are 30 recognized species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. ''Durio zibethinus'', native to Borneo and Sumatra, is the only species ...

, pineapples,

longan ''Dimocarpus longan'', commonly known as the longan () and dragon's eye, is a tropical tree species that produces edible fruit. It is one of the better-known tropical members of the soapberry family Sapindaceae, to which the lychee and rambu ...

, and tea are all major crops, but sugarcane and sisal are the center of Fusui agriculture. Farm raised animals include beef and dairy cattle, sheep, ducks, chickens, geese, bees, turtles, snakes, and pigeons. Aquaculture for fish is also significant. Chinese medicinal herbs are picked from the wild and also grown. Important mineral resources include manganese, gold,

ferberite Ferberite is the iron endmember of the manganese–iron wolframite solid solution series. The manganese endmember is hübnerite. Ferberite is a black monoclinic mineral composed of iron(II) tungstate, Fe W O4. Ferberite and hübnerite often con ...

, coal, iron, aluminium, zinc, cobalt, nickel, calcite, limestone,

barite Baryte, barite or barytes ( or ) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (Ba S O4). Baryte is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of the element barium. The ''baryte group'' consists of baryte, celestine (strontium sulfate), ...

, crystal, marble, and mercuric sulfide. It is China's biggest sugarcane and

sisal Sisal (, ; ''Agave sisalana'') is a species of flowering plant native to southern Mexico, but widely cultivated and naturalized in many other countries. It yields a stiff fibre used in making rope and various other products. The sisal fiber is ...

producer base. Cement and building materials are the center of Fusui industry. Other industries include export infrastructure, paper, forest products such as timber and turpentine, and pharmaceuticals. Among the important companies based in Fusui are: * Fusui Dongmen Nanhua Sugar Industry Corp * Fusui Funan East Asia sugar industrial Corp * Conch Group Fusui Xinning Conch Cement Corp * Funan East Asia sugar industrial Corp * Shanxu Sisal Processing Corp * Fusui Fuyuan Sisal Corp

Culture

According to the official Zuo River's Daily newspaper, Zhuang is the first language for 82% of the 440,000 residents of the Fusui, while the other 10% speak mainly

Southwestern Mandarin Southwestern Mandarin (), also known as Upper Yangtze Mandarin (), is a Mandarin Chinese dialect spoken in much of Southwestern China, including in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou, most parts of Hubei, the northwestern part of Hunan, the nor ...

. Other languages such as

Iu Mien language The Iu Mien language (, ; zh, 勉語 or ; or ) is the language spoken by the Iu Mien people in China (where they are considered a constituent group of the Yao peoples), Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and, more recently, the United States in diaspora ...

are spoken in significant numbers as well. In Fusu, Zhuang's characteristics on dresses remain on their own, the colors of which are principally conventional navy blue.(commonly known as “blue clothing Zhuang”) Zhuang's men and the women cover their heads with a black or blue scarf. Some women substitute this scarf by a turban that can adopt different forms. They also decorate their shirts with decorations made out of silver. In Fusui, Zhuang people celebrate many exciting and meaningful festivals such as “Ancestor worship festival in spring” (2 February-

Chinese calendar The traditional Chinese calendar, dating back to the Han dynasty, is a lunisolar calendar that blends solar, lunar, and other cycles for social and agricultural purposes. While modern China primarily uses the Gregorian calendar for officia ...

's agrarian calendar), “Tomb sweeping festival” and “Song Festival” (3 March -

's agrarian calendar), “Wheat heat Festival” (also called “Buddha Bath”or “Bovine soul Festival”, 8 April-

's agrarian calendar), “Ghost festival” (14 July -

's agrarian calendar), “Ancestor worship festival in autumn” (8 August -

's agrarian calendar), “bumper harvest festival” (also called “Ten intofestival”or “Nine into festival”, October -

's agrarian calendar). In addition, Zhuang opera and Cuisine festival are wealthy local characteristics of folk culture. Cuisine festival in Fusui/Chinese radio network
3 March 2010.

Tourism

Fusui is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. The most famous attraction is

along the

. The rock paintings are believed to be between 1800 and 2500 or between 1600 and 2400 years old. The period of their creations hence spans the times from the

Warring States period The Warring States period in history of China, Chinese history (221 BC) comprises the final two and a half centuries of the Zhou dynasty (256 BC), which were characterized by frequent warfare, bureaucratic and military reforms, and ...

to the late

Han dynasty The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC ...

in the history of China. The paintings are attributed to the ancient Luo Yue people, who are believed to be ancestors of the present-day Zhuang nationality and inhabited the valley of Zuo River during this period. Carbon dating suggests that the oldest paintings were executed around 16,000 years ago whereas the youngest are around 690 years old. Fusui has beautiful natural scenery and forested mountains numerous species of plants and animals. These features along with unique Zhuang culture and important historical sites make it a famous growing tourist destination. Scenic spots around Fusui include: * Rock Paintings along the Zuo River. * White-headed langur natural reserve in Bapen Township * Natural scenic landscape along the Zuo River *

Dinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic Geological period, period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the #Evolutio ...

park * Muming pastoral scenery in Changping Township * Jinggi rock park * Gueilongtan scenic area * Liu Sanjie's tomb *

Huang Xianfan Huang Xianfan ( Zhuang: ; ; November 13, 1899 – January 18, 1982) was a Zhuang Chinese historian, ethnologist and educator. Huang is considered one of the founders of modern Chinese ethnology. He dedicated five decades of his life to the ...

's former residence

Cuisine

Zhuang's cuisine is known for its snacks and the use of spices in Fusui. Zhuang's roasted suckling pig(壮族烤乳猪), Zhuang's sweet potato glutinous rice cake(壮族红薯糍粑) and Zhuang's sliced boiled chicken(壮族白切鸡) is considered the county's Three Cuisine Treasures. Longtou Township's white cake(龙头白糕) have been the local Zhuang people's breakfast staple since the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

and are renowned for their delicate taste. Specifically, the local specialty cuisine are Longtou Township's sauerkraut(龙头酸菜), Longtou Township's roast pig(龙头烧猪), Dongmen town's Chicken (东门鸡), Dongmen town's Fragrant glutinous rice (东门板包香糯), and Qujiu town's cool cake (渠旧凉糕).

Famous people born in Fusui

* Wu Lingyun (？- 1863)- a Zhuang's hero in

, Zhuang *

(1899–1982) - a Chinese historian, ethnologist and educator, Zhuang

References

External links

Official website of Fusui Government
{{authority control Counties of Guangxi Chongzuo