Tineidae is a family of

moth Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not Butterfly, butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (s ...

s in the order

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...

described by

Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoology, zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained hi ...

in 1810. Collectively, they are known as fungus moths or tineid moths. The family contains considerably more than 3,000 species in more than 300 genera. Most of the tineid moths are small or medium-sized, with wings held roofwise over the body when at rest. They are particularly common in the

Palaearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeographic realm of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the Eastern Hemisphere, it stretches across Europe and Asia, north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. Th ...

, but many occur elsewhere, and some are found very widely as

introduced species An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived ther ...

. Tineids are unusual among Lepidoptera as the

larva A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...

e of only a very small number of species feed on living

plant Plants are the eukaryotes that form the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with c ...

s, the majority feeding on

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...

s, and

detritus In biology, detritus ( or ) is organic matter made up of the decomposition, decomposing remains of organisms and plants, and also of feces. Detritus usually hosts communities of microorganisms that colonize and decomposition, decompose (Reminera ...

. The most familiar members of the family are the clothes moths, which have adapted to feeding on stored fabrics and led to their reputation as a household pest. The most widespread of such species are the common clothes moth (''Tineola bisselliella''), the case-bearing clothes moth (''Tinea pellionella''), and the carpet moth (''Trichophaga tapetzella''); the brown-dotted clothes moth (''Niditinea fuscella'') despite its name, preferentially feeds on

feather Feathers are epidermal growths that form a distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on both avian (bird) and some non-avian dinosaurs and other archosaurs. They are the most complex integumentary structures found in vertebrates and an exa ...

s in

bird nest A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and Avian incubation, incubates its Bird egg, eggs and raises its young. Although the term popularly refers to a specific structures built by animals, structure made by the bird itself—such as th ...

s. One remarkable genus is '' Ceratophaga'', whose members feed exclusively on pure

keratin Keratin () is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as ''scleroproteins''. It is the key structural material making up Scale (anatomy), scales, hair, Nail (anatomy), nails, feathers, horn (anatomy), horns, claws, Hoof, hoove ...

in the form of the horns and hooves of dead

mammal A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three ...

s and even the shells of dead

tortoise Tortoises ( ) are reptiles of the family Testudinidae of the order Testudines (Latin for "tortoise"). Like other turtles, tortoises have a shell to protect from predation and other threats. The shell in tortoises is generally hard, and like o ...

Systematics

Subfamilies and notable genera

Some species also are listed; for others see genus accounts.

Dryadaulinae * '' Brachydoxa'' * '' Dryadaula'' Meyrick, 1893 Erechthiinae * '' Anastathma'' * '' Callicerastis'' (sometimes in ''Erechthias'') * '' Comodica'' * ''

Erechthias ''Erechthias'' is a genus of the fungus moth family (biology), family, Tineidae. Therein, it belongs to the subfamily Erechthiinae, of which it is the type genus. The exact circumscription of this genus is still disputed, but it may encompass mor ...

'' Meyrick, 1880 * '' Mecomodica'' (sometimes in ''Comodica'' or ''Erechthias'') * '' Petula'' * '' Phthinocola'' * '' Pisistrata'' * '' Pontodryas'' * '' Thuriostoma'' Euplocaminae * '' Euplocamus'' Latreille, 1809 Hapsiferinae * '' Agorarcha'' * '' Briaraula'' * '' Callocosmeta'' * '' Chrysocrata'' * '' Cimitra'' * '' Colobocrossa'' * '' Cubitofusa'' * '' Cynomastix'' * '' Dasyses'' * '' Hapsifera'' * '' Hapsiferona'' * '' Paraptica'' * '' Parochmastis'' * '' Phyciodyta'' * '' Pitharcha'' * '' Rhinophyllis'' * '' Tiquadra'' * '' Trachycentra'' * '' Zygosignata'' Harmacloninae * '' Harmaclona'' * '' Micrerethista'' Hieroxestinae * '' Amphixystis'' * '' Archemitra'' * '' Asymplecta'' * '' Crobylophanes'' Meyrick, 1938 * '' Kermania'' * '' Mitrogona'' Meyrick, 1920 * '' Oinophila'' * ''

Opogona ''Opogona'' is a genus of the fungus moth family (biology), family, Tineidae. Therein, it belongs to the subfamily Hieroxestinae. As it includes ''Opogona omoscopa'', the type species of the now-abolished genus ''Hieroxestis'', it is the type gen ...

'' * '' Phaeoses'' * '' Phruriastis'' * '' Tineomigma'' Gozmány, 2004 * '' Wegneria''

Meessiinae The Meessiinae are a subfamily of moth of the family (biology), family Tineidae. Genera * ''Afrocelestis'' * ''Agnathosia'' * ''Agoraula'' * ''Augolychna'' * ''Bathroxena'' * ''Clinograptis'' * ''Diachorisia'' * ''Doleromorphia'' * ''Drimylasti ...

* '' Afrocelestis'' * '' Agnathosia'' * '' Agoraula'' * '' Augolychna'' * '' Bathroxena'' * '' Clinograptis'' * '' Diachorisia'' * '' Doleromorphia'' * '' Drimylastis'' * '' Emblematodes'' * '' Epactris'' * '' Eudarcia'' * '' Galachrysis'' * '' Homosetia'' * '' Homostinea'' * '' Hybroma'' * '' Infurcitinea'' * '' Ischnoscia'' * '' Isocorypha'' * '' Leucomele'' * '' Lichenotinea'' * '' Matratinea'' * '' Mea'' * '' Meneessia'' * '' Montetinea'' * '' Nannotinea'' * '' Novotinea'' * '' Oenoe'' * '' Oxylychna'' * '' Pompostolella'' * '' Protodarcia'' * '' Stenoptinea'' * '' Tenaga'' * '' Trissochyta'' * '' Unilepidotricha'' * '' Xeringinia''

Myrmecozelinae

* '' Ateliotum'' * '' Analytarcha'' * '' Cephimallota'' ** syn. '' Anemallota'' ** syn. '' Aphimallota'' ** syn. '' Cephitinea'' * '' Cinnerethica'' * '' Contralissa'' * '' Coryptilum'' * '' Criticonoma'' * '' Dicanica'' * '' Dinica'' * '' Drosica'' * '' Ellochotis'' * '' Endromarmata'' * '' Euagophleps'' * '' Exoplisis'' * '' Gerontha'' * '' Haplotinea'' (tentatively placed here) * '' Ippa'' * '' Ischnuridia'' * '' Janseana'' * '' Machaeropteris'' * '' Mesopherna'' * '' Metapherna'' * '' Mimoscopa'' * '' Moerarchis'' * '' Myrmecozela'' * '' Pachyarthra'' * '' Pararhodobates'' * '' Phthoropoea'' * '' Platysceptra'' * '' Propachyarthra'' * '' Rhodobates'' * '' Sarocrania'' * '' Scalmatica'' * '' Timaea'' * '' Tineovertex'' * '' Tracheloteina''

Nemapogoninae * '' Archinemapogon'' * '' Gaedikeia'' * '' Hyladaula'' * '' Nemapogon'' * '' Nemaxera'' * '' Neurothaumasia'' * '' Peritrana'' * '' Triaxomasia'' * '' Triaxomera'' * '' Vanna'' Perissomasticinae * '' Cylicobathra'' * '' Ectabola'' * '' Edosa'' * ''

Hyperbola In mathematics, a hyperbola is a type of smooth function, smooth plane curve, curve lying in a plane, defined by its geometric properties or by equations for which it is the solution set. A hyperbola has two pieces, called connected component ( ...

'' * '' Neoepiscardia'' * '' Perissomastix'' * '' Phalloscardia'' * '' Sphallesthasis'' Gozmány, 1959 * '' Theatrochora'' Scardiinae * '' Afroscardia'' * '' Amorophaga'' * '' Archyala'' Meyrick, 1889 * '' Bythocrates'' * '' Cnismorectis'' * '' Coniastis'' * '' Cranaodes'' * '' Daviscardia'' * '' Diataga'' * '' Dorata'' * '' Hilaroptera'' Gozmány, 1969 * '' Leptozancla'' Meyrick, 1920 * '' Montescardia'' * '' Morophaga'' Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 * '' Pelecystola'' Meyrick, 1920 * '' Scardia'' * '' Scardiella'' * '' Semeoloncha'' Gozmány, 1968 * '' Tinissa'' Walker, 1864 * '' Trigonarchis'' * '' Vespitinea'' Setomorphinae * ''

Lindera Dried fruits of ''Lindera neesiana'' used as spice (coll. MHNT) ''Lindera'' is a genus of about 80–100Prosetomorpha'' * '' Setomorpha'' Siloscinae * '' Autochthonus'' Walsingham, 1891 * '' Organodesma'' Gozmány, 1965 * '' Silosca'' Gozmány, 1965

Stathmopolitinae ''Stathmopolitis'' is a genus of moths belonging to the family (biology), family Tineidae. It is the only genus of the Stathmopolitinae subfamily and contains only one species, ''Stathmopolitis tragocoprella'', which is found on the Canary Island ...

* '' Stathmopolitis'' Teichobiinae * '' Dinochora'' * '' Ectropoceros'' * '' Psychoides''

Tineinae

* '' Acridotarsa'' * '' Anomalotinea'' * '' Asymphyla'' * '' Ceratobia'' * '' Ceratophaga'' * '' Ceratuncus'' * '' Crypsithyris'' * '' Crypsithyrodes'' * '' Eccritothrix'' * '' Elatobia'' * '' Enargocrasis'' * '' Eremicola'' * '' Graphicoptila'' * '' Hippiochaetes'' * '' Kangerosithyris'' * '' Lipomerinx'' * '' Metatinea'' * '' Miramonopis'' * '' Monopis'' * '' Nearolyma'' * '' Niditinea'' * '' Ocnophilella'' * '' Phereoeca'' * '' Praeacedes'' * '' Pringleophaga'' * '' Proterodesma'' * '' Proterospastis'' * '' Reisserita'' * '' Stemagoris'' * '' Tetrapalpus'' * '' Thomintarra'' * ''

Tinea Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea and ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin (a dermatomycosis), that may affect skin, hair, and nails. Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash. Hair loss may occur in the area affe ...

'' * '' Tinemelitta'' * '' Tineola'' * '' Tineomigma'' * '' Trichophaga'' * '' Tryptodema'' * '' Wyoma'' * '' Xerantica''

Genera ''incertae sedis''

These fungus moths have not been assigned to a subfamily with a reasonable amount of certainty: * '' Acanthocheira'' * '' Acritotilpha'' * '' Afghanotinea'' * '' Amathyntis'' * '' Ancystrocheira'' * '' Antigambra'' * '' Antipolistes'' * '' Apreta'' * '' Archyala'' * '' Argyrocorys'' * '' Astrogenes'' * '' Axiagasta'' * '' Barymochtha'' * '' Basanasca'' * '' Bascantis'' * '' Brithyceros'' * '' Catalectis'' * '' Catapsilothrix'' * '' Cataxipha'' * '' Catazetema'' * '' Cervaria'' * '' Chionoreas'' * '' Clepticodes'' * '' Colpocrita'' * '' Compsocrita'' * '' Cosmeombra'' * '' Cryphiotechna'' * '' Crypsitricha'' * '' Cubotinea'' * '' Cycloponympha'' (often placed in

Lyonetiidae Lyonetiidae is a family of moths with around 200 described species. These are small, slender moths, the wingspan rarely exceeding 1 cm. The very narrow forewings, held folded backwards covering the hindwings and abdomen, often have pointed G ...

) * '' Dasmophora'' * '' Dolerothera'' * '' Drastea'' (often placed in

Acrolophidae Acrolophinae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera. The subfamily comprises the burrowing webworm moths and tube moths and holds about 300 species in five genera, which occur in the wild only in the New World The term "New World" is ...

) * '' Dyotopasta'' * '' Ecpeptamena'' * '' Endeixis'' * '' Endophthora'' * '' Ephedroxena'' * '' Episyrta'' * '' Eriozancla'' * '' Erysimaga'' * '' Eschatotypa'' * '' Eucrotala'' * '' Eugennaea'' * '' Euprora'' * '' Exonomasis'' * '' Glaucostolella'' * '' Gourbia'' * '' Graphidivalva'' * '' Habrophila'' * '' Hapalothyma'' * '' Harmotona'' * '' Hecatompeda'' * '' Heloscopa'' (often placed in

Oecophoridae Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this. ...

) * '' Heterostasis'' * '' Hilaroptera'' * '' Histiovalva'' * '' Homalopsycha'' * '' Homodoxus'' * '' Hoplocentra'' * '' Hyalaula'' * '' Hypoplesia'' * '' Leptonoma'' * '' Lepyrotica'' * '' Leucophasma'' * '' Liopycnas'' * '' Lithopsaestis'' * '' Lysiphragma'' * '' Lysitona'' * '' Marmaroxena'' * '' Melodryas'' * '' Merunympha'' * '' Miarotagmata'' * '' Minicorona'' * '' Monachoptilas'' * '' Mythoplastis'' * '' Nesophylacella'' * '' Nonischnoscia'' * '' Nothogenes'' * '' Nyctocyrmata'' * '' Ochetoxena'' * '' Ogmocoma'' * '' Orocrypsona'' * '' Otochares'' * '' Oxymachaeris'' * '' Pachydyta'' * '' Panthytarcha'' * '' Pedaliotis'' * '' Pelecystola'' * '' Peristactis'' * '' Petasactis'' * '' Pezetaera'' * '' Philagraulella'' * '' Phryganeopsis'' * '' Plaesiostola'' * '' Plemyristis'' * '' Polypsecta'' * '' Probatostola'' * '' Proboloptila'' * '' Protagophleps'' * '' Protaphreutis'' * '' Prothinodes'' * '' Psecadioides'' * '' Pyloetis'' * '' Randominta'' * '' Ranohira'' * '' Rungsiodes'' * '' Sagephora'' * '' Scardia'' * '' Sciomystis'' * '' Setiarcha'' * '' Sphecioses'' * '' Stryphnodes'' * '' Syncraternis'' * '' Syngeneta'' * '' Syrmologa'' * '' Taeniodictys'' (often placed in

) * '' Tephrosara'' * '' Tetanostola'' * '' Thallostoma'' * '' Thisizima'' * '' Thomictis'' * '' Thyrsochares'' * '' Tomara'' * '' Trachyrrhopala'' * '' Trachytyla'' * '' Transmixta'' * '' Trichearias'' * '' Trierostola'' * '' Trithamnora'' * '' Xylesthia'' * '' Xystrologa'' * '' Zonochares'' * '' Zymologa''

Fossil record

*†''Architinea'' Rebel, 1934 **†''Architinea balticella'' Rebel, 1934 **†''Architinea sepositella'' Rebel, 1934 *†''Dysmasiites'' Kusnezov, 1941 **†'' Dysmasiites carpenteri'' Kusnezov, 1941 *†'' Electromeessia'' Kozlov, 1987 **†'' Electromeessia zagulijaevi'' Kozlov, 1987 (Baltic region, Eocene Amber) *†'' Glessoscardia'' Kusnezov, 1941 **†'' Glessoscardia gerasimovi'' Kusnezov, 1941 *†'' Martynea'' Kusnezov, 1941 **†'' Martynea rebeli'' Kusnezov, 1941 *†'' Monopibaltia'' Skalski, 1974 **†'' Monopibaltia ignitella'' Skalski, 1974 (Baltic region, Eocene Amber) *†'' Palaeoinfurcitinea'' Kozlov, 1987 **†'' Palaeoinfurcitinea rohdendorfi'' Kozlov, 1987 (Russia, Eocene Amber) *†'' Palaeoscardiites'' Kusnezov, 1941 **†'' Palaeoscardiites mordvilkoi'' Kusnezov, 1941 *†'' Palaeotinea'' Kozlov, 1987 **†'' Palaeotinea rasnitsyni'' Kozlov, 1987 *†'' Paratriaxomasia'' Jarzembowski, 1980 **†'' Paratriaxomasia solentensis'' Jarzembowski, 1980 *†'' Proscardiites'' Kusnezov, 1941 **†'' Proscardiites martynovi'' Kusnezov, 1941 *†'' Pseudocephitinea'' Kozlov, 1987 **†'' Pseudocephitinea svetlanae'' Kozlov, 1987 (Russia, Eocene Amber) *†'' Scardiites'' Kusnezov, 1941 **†'' Scardiites meyricki'' Kusnezov, 1941 *†'' Simulotenia'' Skalski, 1977 **†'' Simulotenia intermedia'' Skalski, 1977 *†'' Tillyardinea'' Kusnezov, 1941 **†'' Tillyardinea eocaenica'' Kusnezov, 1941 *''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 **†'' Tinea antique'' Rebel, 1822 *†'' Tineitella'' T. B. Fletcher, 1940 **†'' Tineitella crystalli'' Kawall, 1876 (originally in Tineites) **†'' Tineitella sucinacius'' Kozlov, 1987 (originally in Tineites) *†'' Tineolamima'' Rebel, 1934 **†'' Tineolamima aurella'' Rebel, 1934 *†'' Tineosemopsis'' Skalski, 1974 **†'' Tineosemopsis decurtatus'' Skalski, 1974

References

*
Global Taxonomic Database of Tineidae

A Caterpillar that Eats Tortoise Shells

Tineid of Korea(closed, 2005~2019.12.23)

Fauna Europaea

External links

{{Authority control Moth families Household pest insects