The fulvous wren (''Cinnycerthia fulva'') is a species of

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...

in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

and

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

Taxonomy and systematics

The fulvous wren was formerly considered a

subspecies In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morphology (biology), morpholog ...

of ''Cinnycerthia peruana'', which at that time was called sepia-brown wren and is now called Peruvian wren. Fulvous wren, Peruvian wren, and what is now called sepia-brown wren (''C. olivascens'') form a superspecies. The fulvous wren has three subspecies, the nominate ''Cinnycerthia fulva fulva'', ''C. f. fitzpatricki'', and ''C. f. gravesi''.

Description

The fulvous wren is long; male weights average and female weights . The nominate adults have a reddish brown crown and back that is redder on the rump. They have a buff

supercilium The supercilium is a plumage feature found on the heads of some bird species. It is a stripe which runs from the base of the bird's beak above its eye, finishing somewhere towards the rear of the bird's head.Dunn and Alderfer (2006), p. 10 Also k ...

, a dull brown eye stripe, and buffy cinnamon cheeks. The tail is also reddish brown, and has narrow blackish bars crossing it. The throat is buffy white, the chest buffy cinnamon darkening to reddish brown on the flanks and belly. ''C. f. fitzpatricki'' has a darker crown and a lighter supercilium than the nominate. ''C. f. gravesi'' has a whitish supercilium and its underparts are paler than those of the nominate. The immature is similar to the nominate adult but its crown is grayish.

Distribution and habitat

The nominate fulvous wren is found in the eastern Andes of Peru, primarily in the Department of Cuzco. ''C. f. fitzpatricki'' is found in the Vilcabamba mountain range, which is also in Cuzco. ''C. f. gravesi'' is found from southern Peru's

Department of Puno Puno () is a department and region in southeastern Peru. It is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia on the east, the departments of Madre de Dios on the north, Cusc ...

south to central Bolivia's

Cochabamba Department Cochabamba (, , ), from Quechua ''qucha'' or ''qhucha'', meaning "lake", ''pampa'' meaning "plain", is one of the nine departments of Bolivia. It is known to be the " granary" of the country because of its variety of agricultural products from ...

. The species inhabits wet

montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures lapse rate, fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is ...

between .

Behavior

Feeding

The fulvous wren forages on the ground and in low vegetation, often in small flocks. Its diet has not been described.

Breeding

Virtually nothing is known about the fulvous wren's breeding

phenology Phenology is the study of periodic events in biological life cycles and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as habitat factors (such as elevation). Examples include the date of emergence of leav ...

except that birds in breeding condition were documented in January in Bolivia.

Vocalization

The fulvous wren's song and calls have not been formally described. An example of each from Xeno-canto ar

an

Status

The

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status ...

has assessed the fulvous wren as being of Least Concern. "The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as fairly common at some locations, although generally poorly known".

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3313748 fulvous wren Birds of the Bolivian Andes Birds of the Peruvian Andes fulvous wren fulvous wren Taxonomy articles created by Polbot