''Fulgoraria (Fulgoraria) rupestris'', common name the Asian flame volute, is a

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

, a marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Volutidae Volutidae, common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species have no operculum. Distribution This family of sea s ...

, the volutes.

Subspecies

* ''Fulgoraria (Fulgoraria) rupestris politohumerosa'' Shikama, 1968 * ''Fulgoraria (Fulgoraria) rupestris rupestris'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Fulgoraria (Fulgoraria) rupestris thachi'' Bail & Chino, 2010 * The ''forma'' ''Fulgoraria (Fulgoraria) rupestris'' f. ''aurantia'' Shikama & Kosuge, 1970 is a synonym of ''Fulgoraria (Fulgoraria) rupestris rupestris'' (Gmelin, 1791)

Distribution

This marine species occurs in the

demersal zone The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer o ...

off

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

and

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 70 mm and 146 mm. The oblong-fusiform shell has a yellowish flesh-color, with zigzagged longitudinal chestnut lines. The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...

is moderately elongated, terminating in a papillary summit with the

apex The apex is the highest point of something. The word may also refer to: Arts and media Fictional entities * Apex (comics) A-Bomb Abomination Absorbing Man Abraxas Abyss Abyss is the name of two characters appearing in Ameri ...

lateral, instead of central and vertical as usual in spiral shells. The surface is plicate longitudinally, crossed by engraved revolving lines. There are six or seven columellar plaits. The outer

lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...

is thickened within, its margin slightly crenulate. The interior of the

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

has also a flesh-color.T Shikam
System and Evolution of Japanese Fulgorarid Gastropoda

Life cycle

Embryos develop into free-swimming planktonic marine larvae (

trochophore A trochophore () is a type of free-swimming planktonic marine larva with several bands of cilia. By moving their cilia rapidly, they make a water eddy to control their movement, and to bring their food closer in order to capture it more easily. ...

) and later into juvenile veligers.

Bibliography

* Bail, P & Poppe, G. T. 2001. ''A conchological iconography: a taxonomic introduction of the recent Volutidae''. Hackenheim-Conchbook, 30 pp, 5 pl. (updated October 2008 for WoRMS) * Bail P. & Chino M. (2010) ''The family Volutidae. The endemic Far East Asian subfamily Fulgorariinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954: A revision of the Recent species''. A conchological iconography (G.T. Poppe & K. Groh, eds). Hackenheim: Conchbooks. * Hsi-Jen Tao - Shells of Taiwan Illustrated in Colour * Harald Douté, M. A. Fontana Angioy - Volutes, The Doute collection * Ngoc-Thach Nguyên - Shells of Vietnam * Okutani, T. (ed.), Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 519-521 (in Japanese)

References

External links

Gmelin J.F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae eipzig">Gmelin J.F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig
pp. 3021-3910.
Schumacher C.F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. Schultz, Copenghagen. iv + 288 pp., 22 pls

Encyclopedia of life

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