Fryazino ( rus, Фрязино, p=ˈfrʲæzʲɪnə) is a

scientific Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

Moscow Oblast Moscow Oblast (, , informally known as , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). With a population of 8,524,665 (Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census) living in an area of , it is one of the most densely populate ...

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, located on the

Lyuboseyevka River The Lyuboseyevka () is a river in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is a right tributary of the Vorya. It is 12 km in length.Vorya, northeast of the city of

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

. Population: Fryazino is a center of excellence for Russian

microwave Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than other radio waves but longer than infrared waves. Its wavelength ranges from about one meter to one millimeter, corresponding to frequency, frequencies between 300&n ...

electronics Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other Electric charge, electrically charged particles. It is a subfield ...

History

In 1584–1856, the villages of Grebnevo, Fryazinovka, and Chizhovo stood on the territory occupied by modern Fryazino. Silk-weaving manufactures were established here in the second half of the 18th century. The first mention of Fryazino was in the 1584–1586 cadastres of

Moskovsky Uyezd Moskovsky Uyezd (''Московский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate and existed until 1929. Its administrative centre was Moscow. ...

: "Villages of Fryazinova and Samsonov as well on the river of Lyubosivka, and it includes plowed gray land tillage 4 desiatinas and of fallow 13.5 desiatinas in the field and the same in two (implying: cultivated fields), hay 10 haycocks, firewood forest, 5 acres" ''()''. Then the village belonged to the demesne of Bogdan Belsky. *1791 — the

temple A temple (from the Latin ) is a place of worship, a building used for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. By convention, the specially built places of worship of some religions are commonly called "temples" in Engli ...

Theotokos ''Theotokos'' ( Greek: ) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Christianity. The usual Latin translations are or (approximately "parent (fem.) of God"). Familiar English translations are "Mother of God" or "God-beare ...

of Grebnevo was built. *1868 — the village Fryazino. *1938 — work settlement Fryazino. *1951 — it was granted

status. *1968 Fryazino received the status of regional subordination. *December 29, 2003,

Presidential decree A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, royal figure, or other relevant authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislative laws, or customary l ...

granted Fryazino the status of the Scientific town of the Russian Federation. *October 28, 2009, in Fryazino under the chairmanship of

President of Russia The president of Russia, officially the president of the Russian Federation (), is the executive head of state of Russia. The president is the chair of the State Council (Russia), Federal State Council and the President of Russia#Commander-in-ch ...

Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (born 14 September 1965) is a Russian politician and lawyer who has served as Deputy Chairman of the Security Council of Russia since 2020. Medvedev was also President of Russia between 2008 and 2012 and Prime Mini ...

held a meeting of the Commission for Modernization and Technological Development of Russian Economy.Russian Presidential website

Administrative and municipal status

Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality, incorporated as Fryazino Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the

districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

.Law #11/2013-OZ As a municipal division, Fryazino Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Fryazino Urban Okrug.Law #38/2005-OZ

Economy

In 1901, Anna Kaptsova founded the big silk-weaving manufacture in the village of Fryazino. It was the first stone building in the village (nationalized in 1918, closed in 1929). In 1933, in a former silk-weaving factory was founded the ''Radiolampa'' plant. Since that time Fryazino became the center of the Soviet electronics industry. The first Research Institute SRI-160 (its modern name is Federal State Unitary Enterprise RPC "

Istok Istok may refer to: Places * Istok, Kosovo, a town and municipality located in the District of Peja of western Kosovo also known as Istog or Burim * Istok River or Istog River, originating near the city of Istog, Kosovo * Bolshoy Istok, a villag ...

") was founded in Fryazino in 1943, then their number increases to five. Branch of the Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics was founded in Fryazino in 1955. In Soviet times, growing enterprises had been working within a military reservation institute. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, these institutions were forced to cut most of their staff. Currently, a large part of the population of Fryazino works in Moscow. By way of defense conversion research institutes were established the following enterprises: in 1993 — " Istok-Sistema", a manufacturer of medical equipment under the brand name " Gastroscan", in 1994 — " Istok-Audio", a manufacturer of

hearing aid A hearing aid is a device designed to improve hearing by making sound audible to a person with hearing loss. Hearing aids are classified as medical devices in most countries, and regulated by the respective regulations. Small audio amplifiers ...

s. In addition to the electronic and medical industry in the town is a confectionery industry, as well as a tea-packing factory of the company "

May May is the fifth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. May is a month of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the Southern Hemisphere is the ...

". The town also has furniture factories. Istok Winter 2012

Education

A first school was opened in Fryazino in 1912. There are 7 schools, including 5 secondary, a gymnasium and lyceum in the town now. By the end of 1980, 20% of the population of Fryazino had a higher education, among them — 460 Candidates of Sciences and 77 Doctors of Sciences, 2 Full Members of the

USSR Academy of Sciences The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (u ...

, 120 winners of the

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...

and

State State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

prizes.

Architecture and sights

On the eastern outskirts of the town, on the banks of the Lyuboseyevka river, is the historic estate of Grebnevo (1780–1790; reconstructed in 1817-1823). Also, the Alley of Heroes is in the center of the downtown, on which there are the busts

Heroes of the Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union () was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. The title was awarded both t ...

from Fryazino who participated in

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

: Alexandr Dudkin, Boris Yeryashev, Ivan Ivanov. Another monument is "Stella wins" that indicates the names of all of residents Fryazino who participated in World War II. There are some museums: the Town Museum, Ivan Ivanov's Home, the Literary Museum of

Osip Mandelstam Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (, ; – 27 December 1938) was a Russian and Soviet poet. He was one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school. Osip Mandelstam was arrested during the repressions of the 1930s and sent into internal exile wi ...

and other.

Transportation and communications

There are two ways you can get to Fryazino by public transport from Moscow : *by train from

Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal Moscow Yaroslavsky railway station () is one of the nine main railway stations in Moscow. Situated on Komsomolskaya Square (close to the Kazansky and Leningradsky Stations), Moscow Yaroslavskaya has the highest passenger throughput of all ni ...

, in about 1 hour 15 min *by minibus or coach (№ 361, № 335) from the

Moscow Central Bus Terminal The Moscow Central Bus Terminal () is a Bus station, bus terminal in Moscow for long-range and intercity passenger buses with daily overturn of about 25 thousand passengers serving about 40% of long-range bus routes in Moscow. Situated near Shchy ...

(around Moscow underground station Shcholkovskaya) in about 45 minutes, except for peak hours. The town is located on the Fryanovo motorway P-110 ( Schyolkovo — Fryanovo) at a distance of 7 km from the beginning of the motorway. The town has a new bus station, located on the Polevaya str. There are three town bus lines and the same taxi. In addition, through the town are 10 commuter bus routes (including those from Moscow). Inside the town there are several different taxi services. Also in town there is a railway station and two passenger platforms (Fryazino-Commodity and Fryazino-Passenger, which is finite). Fryazino has quite ramified computer networ
''Fryazino.net''

Notable people

* Alexander Balandin, cosmonaut * Nikolay Devyatkov (1907–2001), engineer/inventor * Yury Gulyayev (b. 1935), physicist *

Aleksey Kuleshov Aleksey Vladimirovich Kuleshov (; born 24 February 1979) is a former Russian volleyball player, a member of Russia men's national volleyball team. Currently he is a coach at Dynamo Moscow. Kueshov was a member of the men's national team that w ...

, volleyball player *

Stanislav Petrov Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov (; 7 September 1939 – 19 May 2017) was a lieutenant colonel of the Soviet Air Defence Forces who played a key role in the 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident. On 26 September 1983, three weeks after the So ...

(1939–2017), military officer * Alexander Zaitsev, astronomer

References

Notes

Sources

* *

External links

Official website of Fryazino

Fryazino Business Directory

Unofficial website of Fryazino
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Moscow Oblast Naukograds