Frithiof Holmgren on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Alarik Frithiof Holmgren (October 22, 1831 – August 14, 1897) was a Swedish physician, physiologist and professor at
''De la cécité des couleurs dans ses rapports avec les chemins de fer et la marine''
- digital facsimile at the Linda Hall Library 1831 births 1897 deaths Anti-vivisectionists People from Östergötland Uppsala University alumni Uppsala University faculty 19th-century Swedish physicians Swedish physiologists Swedish medical researchers Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Burials at Uppsala old cemetery {{Sweden-med-bio-stub
Alarik Frithiof Holmgren (October 22, 1831 – August 14, 1897) was a Swedish physician, physiologist and professor at Upsala University
Uppsala University ( sv, Uppsala universitet) is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation.
The university rose to significance during ...
, most noted for his research of color blindness. He was a vocal opponent of vivisection, and particularly the use of curare to immobilize subjects so they appeared peaceful while enduring great pain.
Biography
Holmgren was born inÖstergötland
Östergötland (; English exonym: East Gothland) is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (''landskap'' in Swedish) in the south of Sweden. It borders Småland, Västergötland, Närke, Södermanland and the Baltic Sea. In older English li ...
, Sweden. From 1852 he served as a medial practitioner including during the cholera pandemic
Seven cholera pandemics have occurred in the past 200 years, with the first pandemic originating in India in 1817. The seventh cholera pandemic is officially a current pandemic and has been ongoing since 1961, according to a World Health Organizat ...
in Norrköping
Norrköping (; ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm, 40 km east of county seat Linköp ...
and Söderköping. He graduated as a Medical Doctor from Uppsala University in 1861. He joined the faculty of Uppsala University and in 1864, was appointed professor of physiology. He researched color blindness and his most notable work was about color blindness in relation to rail and sea transport. His research took him to London, Berlin, Vienna and Paris. He devised a standardized test for color blindness in 1874. Following a railway crash at Lagerlunda in 1875, he advocated the need to preclude people with defective color vision from railway employment. This established the now standard practice of excluded color blind individuals from employment in certain sectors.
Personal life
Holmgren was a member of theRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( sv, Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special ...
from 1880. In 1869, he was married to the suffragist Ann-Margret Holmgren (1850–1940). They were the parents of eight children. Both he and his wife were buried at Uppsala old cemetery.
See also
*History of animal testing
The history of animal testing goes back to the writings of the Ancient Greeks in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, with Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and Erasistratus (304–258 BCE) one of the first documented to perform experiments on nonhuman anima ...
References
External links
* *Holmgren's (1877''De la cécité des couleurs dans ses rapports avec les chemins de fer et la marine''
- digital facsimile at the Linda Hall Library 1831 births 1897 deaths Anti-vivisectionists People from Östergötland Uppsala University alumni Uppsala University faculty 19th-century Swedish physicians Swedish physiologists Swedish medical researchers Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Burials at Uppsala old cemetery {{Sweden-med-bio-stub