Georg Friedrich Karl Heinrich Bidder ( – ) was a

Baltic German Baltic Germans ( or , later ) are Germans, ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950), their resettlement in 1945 after the end ...

physiologist Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a subdiscipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and ...

and

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old scien ...

from what was then the

Governorate of Livonia The Governorate of Livonia, also known as the Livonia Governorate, was a province (''guberniya'') and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, Baltic Governorate-General until 1876. Governorate of Livonia bordered Governorate of E ...

in the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

. In 1834 he received his doctorate from the

University of Dorpat The University of Tartu (UT; ; ) is a public research university located in the city of Tartu, Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia. It is also the largest and oldest university in the country.

, where he became a professor of anatomy (1842), and physiology and

pathology Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...

(1843). He was a corresponding member (1857) and honorary member (1884) of the

Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such ...

(today Russian Academy of Sciences). He was the president of the Naturalists' Society at the University of Dorpat from 1877 to 1890. Bidder is primarily remembered for his studies of nutrition and

gastric The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The Ancient Greek name for the stomach is ''gaster'' which is used as ''gastric'' in medical terms re ...

physiology. From 1847 to 1852 he performed physiological-chemical studies of digestive juices and

metabolism Metabolism (, from ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the co ...

with

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a graduated scientist trained in the study of chemistry, or an officially enrolled student in the field. Chemists study the composition of ...

Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt (1822–1894). He also conducted important investigations of the

sympathetic nervous system The sympathetic nervous system (SNS or SANS, sympathetic autonomic nervous system, to differentiate it from the somatic nervous system) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the parasympathetic nervous sy ...

with

Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann (; 1 July 1801 – 21 April 1877) was a German physiologist, anatomist, and philosopher. He specialized in the study of the nervous and optic system. Biography Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann was born in Leipzig, and enrolled in ...

(1801–1877) and of the

spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata in the lower brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone) of vertebrate animals. The center of the spinal c ...

with

Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer Karl Wilhelm Ritter von Kupffer (born Karl Wilhelm Kupffer; – 16 December 1902) was a Baltic German anatomist who discovered stellate macrophage cells that bear his name. Academic career He was the eldest son of pastor Karl Hermann Kupffer ( ...

(1829–1902). Bidder's name is associated with two anatomical structures: * "Bidder's ganglia":

Ganglia A ganglion (: ganglia) is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. In the somatic nervous system, this includes dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia among a few others. In the autonomic nervous system, there a ...

located at the lower end of the

atrial septum The interatrial septum is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart. Structure The interatrial septum is a that lies between the left atrium and right atrium of the human heart. The interatrial septum lies at angle ...

; sometimes called the ventricular ganglia. * " Bidder's organ": A spherical, brownish reproductive organ of male

toad Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. In popular culture (folk taxonomy ...

References

* * Official site of Russian Academy of Sciences (2 December 2002)
Bidder Fridrikh Genrikh
Retrieved 21 May 2023. * Russian

Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary The ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary'' (35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopaedia in Russian. It contains 121,240 articles, 7,800 images, and 235 maps. It was published in the Russian Em ...

. 1890–1907. * German: Achard Thomas, Der Physiologe Friedrich Bidder, Zürich, Juris Druck + Verlag, 1969

External links

* 1810 births 1894 deaths People from Smiltene Municipality People from Valka county Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire Physiologists from the Russian Empire University of Tartu alumni Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni Leipzig University alumni Academic staff of the University of Tartu Rectors of the University of Tartu Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Burials at Raadi cemetery Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities {{Germany-med-bio-stub

See also

References

Further reading

External links