French Tanker Somme
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The French tanker ''Somme'' is a command and replenishment tanker (, BCR) of the
French Navy The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of History of France, France. It is among the largest and most powerful List of navies, naval forces i ...
. In addition to its primary duty as a fleet tanker, ''Somme'' is configured as a
flagship A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of navy, naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag. Used more loosely, it is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels, typically ...
and has served as such in the Indian Ocean. The vessel was constructed at La Seyne, France beginning in 1985 and entered service in 1990. As of 2023, with the retirement of her sister ship ''Marne'', she is the last vessel of her class in service with the French Navy. In October 2009, the ship was mistakenly attacked by pirates off the
coast A coast (coastline, shoreline, seashore) is the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake. Coasts are influenced by the topography of the surrounding landscape and by aquatic erosion, su ...
of Somalia. The attack was repelled and the pirates captured.


Design and description

In French service, the final three tankers are called ''Bâtiment de commandement et ravitailleur'' (BCR, "command and replenishment ship"). In addition to their role as a fleet tanker, the three ships dubbed BCR can accommodate an entire general staff and thus supervise naval operations as a
command ship Command ships serve as the flagships of the commander of a fleet. They provide communications, office space, and accommodations for a fleet commander and their staff, and serve to coordinate fleet activities. An auxiliary command ship feature ...
. The three ships of the class designated BCRs, , and ''Somme'' all have superstructures that were extended aft by to accommodate the additional staff requirements. The BCRs have one crane positioned along the centreline. ''Somme'' has a standard displacement of and at full load. The oiler is long overall and between perpendiculars with a beam of and a draught of empty and at full load. ''Somme'' is powered by two SEMT Pielstick 16 PC2.5 V 400
diesel engine The diesel engine, named after the German engineer Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which Combustion, ignition of diesel fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to Mechanics, mechanical Compr ...
s turning two LIPS
controllable pitch propeller Controllability is an important property of a control system and plays a crucial role in many regulation problems, such as the stabilization of unstable systems using feedback, tracking problems, obtaining optimal control strategies, or, simply p ...
s rated at . The vessel has a maximum speed of and a range of at . ''Somme'' has two dual solid/liquid underway transfer stations per side and can replenish two ships per side and one astern. The ship initially had capacity for of
fuel oil Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions). Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil (bunker fuel), marine f ...
, of
diesel fuel Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, heavy oil (historically) or simply diesel, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a re ...
, of JP-5
aviation fuel Aviation fuels are either petroleum-based or blends of petroleum and synthetic fuels, used to power aircraft. They have more stringent requirements than fuels used for ground applications, such as heating and road transport, and they contain add ...
, of distilled water, of provisions, of munitions and of spare parts. These numbers change with the needs of the fleet. The ''Durance''-class tankers all mount a
flight deck The flight deck of an aircraft carrier is the surface on which its aircraft take off and land, essentially a miniature airfield at sea. On smaller naval ships which do not have aviation as a primary mission, the landing area for helicopters ...
over the stern and a
hangar A hangar is a building or structure designed to hold aircraft or spacecraft. Hangars are built of metal, wood, or concrete. The word ''hangar'' comes from Middle French ''hanghart'' ("enclosure near a house"), of Germanic origin, from Frankish ...
. The ships utilise
Aérospatiale Alouette III The Aérospatiale Alouette III (, ''Lark''; company designations SA 316 and SA 319) is a single-engine, light utility helicopter developed by France, French aircraft company Sud Aviation. During its production life, it proved to be a popular ro ...
and
Westland Lynx The Westland Lynx is a British multi-purpose twin-engined military helicopter designed and built by Westland Helicopters at its factory in Yeovil. Originally intended as a utility craft for both civil and naval usage, military interest led to t ...
helicopters but are capable of operating larger ones from their flight deck. For defence, ''Somme'' initially mounted one Bofors 40 mm/L60
anti-aircraft Anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) is the counter to aerial warfare and includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It encompasses surface-based, subsurface ( submarine-launched), and air-ba ...
(AA) gun in a single
gun turret A gun turret (or simply turret) is a mounting platform from which weapons can be fired that affords protection, visibility and ability to turn and aim. A modern gun turret is generally a rotatable weapon mount that houses the crew or mechanis ...
and two AA guns in a twin turret. The ship is equipped with two DRBN 34 navigational
radar Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance ('' ranging''), direction ( azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method used to detect and track ...
s. The armament was later altered by removing the 20 mm guns and adding four
M2 Browning machine gun The M2 machine gun or Browning .50-caliber machine gun (informally, "Ma Deuce") is a heavy machine gun that was designed near the end of World War I by John Browning. While similar to Browning's M1919 Browning machine gun, which was chamber ...
s and three launchers for Simbad Mistral
surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-ai ...
s. The ship has a complement of 162 and is capable of accommodating 250 personnel.


Construction and career

The fifth and final tanker of the ''Durance'' class was ordered in March 1984 as part of the 1984–1988 plan. The vessel was
laid down Laying the keel or laying down is the formal recognition of the start of a ship's construction. It is often marked with a ceremony attended by dignitaries from the shipbuilding company and the ultimate owners of the ship. Keel laying is one ...
on 3 May 1985 by Normed at their yard in La Seyne, France. Named for a
river A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside Subterranean river, caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of ...
in France, the ship was launched on 3 October 1987 and given the
pennant number In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number (an internationalisation of ''pendant number'', which it was called before 1948). Historically, naval ships flew a flag that iden ...
A 631. ''Somme'' was commissioned into the
French Navy The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of History of France, France. It is among the largest and most powerful List of navies, naval forces i ...
on 7 March 1990. The ''Durance''-class ships were assigned to the ''Force d'action navale'' (FAR, " Naval Action Force") after entering service. One of the BCRs is assigned to Indian Ocean as
flagship A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of navy, naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag. Used more loosely, it is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels, typically ...
of the French naval forces in the region. The ship is home ported in Brest, France. In April 2008, the commander of ALINDIEN, the French command in the Indian Ocean, commanded the strike from ''Somme'' that freed the yacht from Somali pirates. Serving as the command vessel for the French forces participating in
Operation Atalanta Operation Atalanta, formally European Union Naval Force (EU NAVFOR) Somalia, is an ongoing counter-piracy military operation at sea off the Horn of Africa and in the Western Indian Ocean, that is the first naval operation conducted by the ...
, ''Somme'' was attacked approximately off the Somali coast in the night of 6 to 7 October 2009 by two motorboats of Somali pirates who mistook ''Somme'' for a civilian ship. ''Somme'' repelled the
assault rifle An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge, intermediate-rifle cartridge and a Magazine (firearms), detachable magazine.C. Taylor, ''The Fighting Rifle: A Complete Study of the Rifle in Combat'', F.A. Moyer '' ...
attack without sustaining damage or casualties and captured five of the pirates. Again on 20 April 2010, Somali pirates in a skiff mistakenly attacked ''Somme'', firing at the vessel with automatic weapons. The French crew returned three warning shots and pursued the attackers, discovering a pirate mothership with two pirates on board. The four pirates in the skiff along with the two on the mothership were taken into custody. At the end of 2018, ''Somme'' underwent a refit at Brest, returning to service on 5 June 2019. In October 2019, ''Somme'' was deployed as part of Operation Corymbe, the French naval mission to the
Gulf of Guinea The Gulf of Guinea (French language, French: ''Golfe de Guinée''; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Golfo de Guinea''; Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''Golfo da Guiné'') is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez i ...
, marking the first time a command ship was deployed there. During the deployment, ''Somme'' participated in the African
naval exercise A navy, naval force, military maritime fleet, war navy, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations ...
Grand African Nemo with 18 African nations. As of late 2021, of the original five ''Durance''-class ships in the French Navy, only ''Somme'' and her sister ship ''Marne'' remained in service. The last two ships were expected to be replaced by the new ''Jacques Chevallier''-class vessels and retire between 2022 and 2025. In 2022 it was indicated that ''Somme'' would continue in service until 2027 when she is planned to be replaced by the third of the ''Jacques Chevallier''-class support ships, ''Émile Bertin''.


Citations


References

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External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Somme 1987 ships Durance-class tankers Ships built in France Maritime incidents in 2009 France–Somalia relations