Freiberg () is a

university A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

and former

mining town A mining community, also known as a mining town or a mining camp, is a community that houses miners. Mining communities are usually created around a mine or a quarry. Historical mining communities Australia * Ballarat, Victoria * Bendig ...

Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...

, Germany, with around 41,000 inhabitants. The city lies in the foreland of the

Ore Mountains The Ore Mountains (, or ; ) lie along the Czech–German border, separating the historical regions of Bohemia in the Czech Republic and Saxony in Germany. The highest peaks are the Klínovec in the Czech Republic (German: ''Keilberg'') at ab ...

, in the Saxon urbanization axis, which runs along the northern edge of the Elster and

, stretching from

Plauen Plauen (; ; ) is a town in Saxony, Germany with a population of around 65,000. It is Saxony's 5th most populated city after Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Zwickau, the second-largest city of the Vogtland after Gera, as well as the largest cit ...

in the southwest via

Zwickau Zwickau (; ) is the fourth-largest city of Saxony, Germany, after Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz, with around 88,000 inhabitants,. The West Saxon city is situated in the valley of the Zwickau Mulde (German: ''Zwickauer Mulde''; progression: ), ...

Chemnitz Chemnitz (; from 1953 to 1990: Karl-Marx-Stadt (); ; ) is the third-largest city in the Germany, German States of Germany, state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden, and the fourth-largest city in the area of former East Germany after (East Be ...

and Freiberg to

Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...

in the northeast. It sits on the Freiberger Mulde, a tributary of the

Mulde The Mulde () is a river in Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Elbe and is long. The river is formed by the confluence, near Colditz, of the Zwickauer Mulde (running through Zwickau) and the Freiberger Mulde (wit ...

River. It is a ''

Große Kreisstadt ''Große Kreisstadt'' (, "major district town") is a term in the municipal law (''Gemeindeordnung'') of several States of Germany, German states. In some federal states the term is used as a special legal status for a Districts of Germany, distric ...

'' (large district town), and the administrative seat of ''

Landkreis Mittelsachsen Mittelsachsen (, ) is a district (''Districts of Germany, Kreis'') in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. History The district was established by merging the former districts of Döbeln (district), Döbeln, Freiberg (district), Freiberg and Mit ...

'' (district Central Saxony). Freiberg is connected to Dresden by the S3 line of the

Dresden S-Bahn The Dresden S-Bahn is a network of S-Bahn-type commuter train services in Dresden and the surrounding area. It is commissioned by Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe (VVO) from DB Regio ''Verkehrsbetrieb Südostsachsen'' and currently consists of three serv ...

. The entire historic center of the Silver City is under monument protection, and together with local monuments of mining history such as the ''Reiche Zeche'' ore mine, it has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region since 2019 due to its exceptional testimony to the development of mining techniques across many centuries.

Freiberg University of Mining and Technology The Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (abbreviation: TU Bergakademie Freiberg, TUBAF) is a public Institute of technology, university of technology with 3,471 students in the city of Freiberg, Saxony, Freiberg, Saxony, Germany. The u ...

(''Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg''), founded in 1765, is the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world. Until 1969, the town was dominated for around 800 years by the

mining Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agriculture, agricultural processes, or feasib ...

and

smelting Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron-making, iron, copper extraction, copper ...

industries. Since then it has restructured into a

high technology High technology (high tech or high-tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available. It can be defined as either the most complex or ...

site in the fields of

semiconductor A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Its conductivity can be modified by adding impurities (" doping") to its crystal structure. When two regions with different doping level ...

manufacture and solar technology, part of

Silicon Saxony Silicon Saxony is a registered industry association of around 600 companies in the microelectronics and related high-tech sectors in Saxony, Germany. Many of those firms are situated in the north of Dresden. The term "Silicon Saxony" originated ...

Freiberg Cathedral The Freiberg Cathedral or Cathedral of St Mary () is a church of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony in Freiberg, Saxony, Freiberg in Saxony. The term Duomo, Dom, a German synecdoche used for collegiate churches and cathedrals alike, is ofte ...

is one of the most richly furnished houses of worship in Saxony and contains important works of art such as the tulip pulpit, two

Gottfried Silbermann Gottfried Silbermann (January 14, 1683 – August 4, 1753) was a German builder of keyboard instruments. He built harpsichords, clavichords, organ (music), organs, and fortepianos; his modern reputation rests mainly on the latter two. Life Very ...

organs, the choir, which was converted into a burial place for the Albertines, and the Golden Gate (''Goldene Pforte''), of which exist three replicas in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Moscow and Budapest. Freiberg's christmas market ''Freiberger Christmarkt'' is typical for christmas markets in the Ore Mountain region, which are characterized by a strong connection to mining and the typical christmas decorations of this region like '' Raachermannel'', '' Schwibbögen'' and Christmas pyramids.

Geography

Location

The town lies on the northern declivity of the

, with the majority of the borough west of the Eastern or Freiberger Mulde river. Parts of the town are nestled in the valleys of

Münzbach Münzbach is a municipality in the district of Perg in the Austrian state of Upper Austria Upper Austria ( ; ; ) is one of the nine States of Austria, states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic ...

and Goldbach streams. Its centre has an altitude of about (at the railway station). Its lowest point is on Münzbach on the town boundary at ; its highest point is on an old mining tip at . Freiberg lies within a region of old forest clearances, subsequently used by the mining industry which left its mark on the landscape. The town is surrounded to the north, southeast and southwest by woods, and in the other directions by fields and meadows. Since the beginning of the 21st century an urbanised area has gradually developed which is formed by the towns of

Nossen Nossen (; , ) is a town in the Meißen (district), district of Meissen, in Saxony, Germany. It is located 80 km southeast of Leipzig. The town is dominated by a large Renaissance castle. Nossen is best known for its proximity to a motorway j ...

Roßwein Roßwein () is a town in the district of Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the ...

, Großschirma, Freiberg and Brand-Erbisdorf. It currently has about 75,000 inhabitants. Freiberg is located about west-southwest of

, about 31 kilometres east-northeast of

, about southeast of

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

, about south of

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

, and about northwest of

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

. Freiberg lies on a boundary between two variants of the Upper Saxon dialect: the Southeast Meissen dialect (''Südostmeißnisch'') to the east and the South Meissen dialect (''Südmeißnisch'') to the west of the town, both belonging to the five

Meissen Meissen ( ), is a town of approximately 30,000 about northwest of Dresden and 75 km (46 mi) west of Bautzen on both banks of the Elbe river in the Free State of Saxony, in eastern Germany. Meissen is the home of Meissen porcelain, th ...

dialects, as well as just north of the border of the dialect region of '' East Erzgebirgisch''.

Expansion of the town

The nucleus of the town, the former forest village of Christiansdorf lies in the valley of the Münzbach stream. The unwalled town centre grew up on its two slopes and on the ridge to the west. This means ''inter alia'' that the roads radiating outwards east of the old main road axis (today ''Erbische Straße'' and ''Burgstraße'' running from the former Erbisch Gate (''Erbischer Tor'') on ''Postplatz'' to

Freudenstein Castle Freudenstein Castle () is located on the ''Schloßplatz'' ("Castle Square") on the edge of the town centre of Freiberg in the German state of Saxony. Its history is closely linked to the House of Wettin. After several conversions the castle is no ...

), some of which run as far as the opposite side of the Münzbach valley, are very steep. The area located east of the main road axis is called ''Unterstadt'' ("Lower Town"), with its lower market or ''Untermarkt''. The western area is the ''Oberstadt'' ("Upper Town") where the ''Obermarkt'' or "Upper Market" is situated. The town centre is surrounded by a green belt running along the old town wall. In the west, this belt, in which the ponds of the ''Kreuzteichen'' are set, broadens out into an area like a park. Just north of the town centre is Freudenstein Castle as well as the remnants of the town wall with several wall towers and ''Schlüsselteich'' pond in front of them. The remains of the wall run eastwards, in sections, to the ''Donats Tower''. This area is dominated by the historic

moat A moat is a deep, broad ditch dug around a castle, fortification, building, or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence. Moats can be dry or filled with water. In some places, moats evolved into more extensive water d ...

. The southern boundary of the old town is characterised in places by buildings from the ''

Gründerzeit The (; ) was a period of Economic history of Europe (1000 AD–present), European economic history in mid- and late-19th century German Empire, Germany and Austria-Hungary between Industrialization in Germany, industrialization and the great P ...

'' period. The B 101 federal road, here called ''Wallstraße'', flanks the west of the town centre, the B 173, as ''Schillerstraße'' and ''Hornstraße'', bounds it to the south. Freiberg's north is dominated by the campus of its University of Mining and Technology. The main part of the campus on either side of ''Leipziger Straße'' (as the B 101 road, the most important transport link in this district) emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. Furthermore, the districts of ''Lossnitz'', ''Lößnitz '' and ''Kleinwaltersdorf'' are found here, extending almost out to the boundary of the borough. Between ''Kleinwaltersdorf'' and ''Lößnitz'' is the ''Nonnenwald'' wood, and east of ''Leipziger Straße'' is a trading estate.

Surrounding area

In the area around Freiberg there are both industrial estates as well as agricultural and recreational areas. Smelting and metalworking firms are based at Muldenhütten and Halsbrücke and paper manufacturers at Weißenborn and Großschirma. Northeast of the town is the recreational area of the Tharandt Forest The town of Großschirma lies north of Freiberg on the B 101 federal road. To the northeast the municipality of Halsbrücke borders on the territory of Freiberg's borough and, to the east, is the municipality of Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf. The municipality of Weißenborn to the southeast belongs to the ''

Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Municipal associations (, , ) are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term ''stipulated municipal association ...

'' of Lichtenberg/Erzgebirge. On the B 101 south of Freiberg is the ''

'' of Brand-Erbisdorf and to the east is the municipality of Oberschöna.

Town subdivisions and residential areas

History

The town was founded around 1168, after a silver discovery led to the first Berggeschrey, and has been a centre of the mining industry in the

for centuries. A symbol of that history is the

, often just known as the Mining Academy (''Bergakademie''), established in 1765 and the oldest extant university of mining and metallurgy in the world. Freiberg also has a notable cathedral containing two famous

organs. There are two other organs made by Gottfried Silbermann in the town – one at the St. Peter's Church (''Petrikirche'') and the other one at the St. James' Church (''Jakobikirche''). The

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...

part of Freiberg, built after a fire destroyed the town in 1484, stands under heritage protection. In 1913, silver mining was discontinued due to the decline in the price of silver. Resumed before the Second World War, mining activities for lead, zinc and tin extraction continued until 1969. In 1944, a subcamp of

Flossenbürg concentration camp Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. Unlike other concentration camps, it was located in a remote area, in the Fichtel Mountains of Bavaria, adjacent to the town of Flos ...

was built outside the town of Freiberg. It housed over 500 female survivors of other camps, including

Auschwitz Auschwitz, or Oświęcim, was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It consisted of Auschw ...

. Altogether 50 or so SS women worked in this camp until its evacuation in April 1945. The female survivors eventually reached

Mauthausen concentration camp Mauthausen was a German Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen, Upper Austria, Mauthausen (roughly east of Linz), Upper Austria. It was the main camp of a group with List of subcamps of Mauthausen, nearly 100 f ...

in Austria. In 1985, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints built the

Freiberg Germany Temple The Freiberg Germany Temple (formerly the Freiberg GDR Temple) is a Temple (LDS Church), temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), located in Freiberg, Saxony, Germany. The church announced the temple in October 1982 ...

here because of the large number of members in the region. The building of this temple is considered quite historic by church members given the political climate in Eastern Europe at the time. The Freiberg Germany Temple serves members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from all over Eastern Germany and a majority of Eastern Europe. On 6 July 2019, the Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region including Freiberg was inscribed as a

UNESCO World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...

Regular events

Every year in Freiberg the Mining Town Festival (''Bergstadtfest'') is held on the last weekend in June with a procession by the historic Miners' and Ironworkers' Guilds, the so-called Miners' and Ironworkers' Parade. The Freiberg

Christmas Market A Christmas market is a street market associated with the celebration of Christmas during the four weeks of Advent. These markets originated in Germany, but are now held in many countries. Some in the U.S. have Phono-semantic matching, adapted ...

takes place during

Advent Advent is a season observed in most Christian denominations as a time of waiting and preparation for both the celebration of Jesus's birth at Christmas and the return of Christ at the Second Coming. It begins on the fourth Sunday before Chri ...

, when a so-called '' Mettenschicht'' is held with a parade by the Miners' and Ironworkers' Guilds and the SAXONIA Miners Music Corps. This includes a traditional

Sermon on the Mount The Sermon on the Mount ( anglicized from the Matthean Vulgate Latin section title: ) is a collection of sayings spoken by Jesus of Nazareth found in the Gospel of Matthew (chapters 5, 6, and 7). that emphasizes his moral teachings. It is th ...

in St. Peter's Church and waiting by the miners on the second Saturday in Advent. Firmly established is the potter's gathering on a weekend in the second half of April on the Upper Market (''Obermarkt''). Every year on the ''Drei Brüder Schacht'' mineshaft in the quarter of Zug there is a model steam engine gathering. Other annual events include the Freiberg Art Award and the election of the Mining Town Queen (''Bergstadt-Königin'').

Education

The

Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg The Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (abbreviation: TU Bergakademie Freiberg, TUBAF) is a public university of technology with 3,471 students in the city of Freiberg, Saxony, Germany. The university's focuses are exploration, minin ...

(Freiberg University of Mining and Technology or Freiberg Mining Academy, University of Technology) was established in 1765 by Prince Franz Xaver, regent of Saxony, based on plans by Friedrich Wilhelm von Oppel and Friedrich Anton von Heynitz, and is the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world. File:Untermarkt-Freiberg-kol.jpg, Untermarkt (Lower Market) File:Freiberg Obermarkt Rathaus.jpg, Obermarkt (Upper Market) with Town hall File:Freiberg katedra mpazdziora.JPG, The electoral box of the Polish king

Augustus II the Strong Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the H ...

in the

File:Petrikirche Freiberg 01.JPG, St. Petri church File:Schloss Freudenstein Freiberg.jpg,

File:Nikolaikirche Freiberg.jpg, St. Nikolas church File:Glueck.jpg, Campus of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg File:Freiberger Eierschecke.jpg, A Freiberg ''Eierschecke'' cake

Twin towns – sister cities

Freiberg is twinned with: *

Clausthal-Zellerfeld Clausthal-Zellerfeld () is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located in the southwestern part of the Harz mountains. Its population is approximately 15,000. The town hosts the Clausthal University of Technology. The health resort is locate ...

, Germany (1995) *

Darmstadt Darmstadt () is a city in the States of Germany, state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Frankfurt Rhine Main Area, Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it the ...

, Germany (1990) *

Delft Delft () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, ...

, Netherlands (1986) * Gentilly, France (1960) *

Ness Ziona Ness Ziona (, ''Nes Tziyona'') is a city in Central District (Israel), Central District, Israel. In it had a population of , and its jurisdiction was 15,579 dunams (). Identification Lying within Ness Ziona's city bounds is the ruin of the Arab ...

, Israel (1996) *

Příbram Příbram (; or ''Przibram'') is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 33,000 inhabitants. It is known for its mining history, and more recently, its new venture into economic restructuring. The town is the t ...

, Czech Republic (1999) *

Wałbrzych Wałbrzych (; ; or ''Walmbrich''; or ) is a city located in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland, seat of Wałbrzych County. Wałbrzych lies approximately southwest of the voivodeship capital Wrocław and about from the Czec ...

, Poland (1999)

Freemen

* 2000 Günter Blobel, biochemist, Nobel Prize 1999 * 2014 Michael Federmann, investor

Notable people

Günter Bartusch Günter Bartusch (April 13, 1943 – July 8, 1971) was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from the former East Germany. His best year was in 1970 when he rode for the MZ factory racing team to finish the season in eighth place in the 350cc wor ...

(1943–1971), motorcycle racer *

August Bebel Ferdinand August Bebel (; 22 February 1840 – 13 August 1913) was a German socialist activist and politician. He was one of the principal founders of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Bebel, a woodworker by trade, co-founded the Sa ...

(1840–1913), politician * Fritz Bleyl (1880–1966), architect, painter of Expressionism * Günter Blobel (born 1936), biologist,

Nobel laureate The Nobel Prizes (, ) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in th ...

, sponsor of the reconstruction of neo-historic buildings in Saxony * Kwasi Boakye (1827–1904), from Ashanti, Dutch mining engineer, student in Freiberg (also: Boachi) * Rolf Emmrich (1910–1974), internist and university teachers * Theodoric of Freiberg (c. 1250–c. 1311), theologian, philosopher and physicist who gave an accurate explanation for the

rainbow A rainbow is an optical phenomenon caused by refraction, internal reflection and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a continuous spectrum of light appearing in the sky. The rainbow takes the form of a multicoloured circular ...

* Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt (1791–1873), mineralogist *

Leopold von Buch Christian Leopold von Buch (26 April 1774 – 4 March 1853), usually cited as Leopold von Buch, was a German geologist and paleontologist born in Stolpe an der Oder (now a part of Angermünde, Brandenburg) and is remembered as one of the most im ...

(1774–1853), geologist * Hans Carl von Carlowitz (1645–1714), Saxon Oberberg Chief * Christoph Demantius (1567–1643), composer *

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...

(1749–1832), natural scientist, writer and statesman *

Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, natural history, naturalist, List of explorers, explorer, and proponent of Romanticism, Romantic philosophy and Romanticism ...

(1769–1859), naturalist and explorer *

Friedrich Robert Helmert Friedrich Robert Helmert (31 July 1843 – 15 June 1917) was a German geodesist and statistician with important contributions to the theory of errors. Career Helmert was born in Freiberg, Kingdom of Saxony. After schooling in Freiberg and ...

(1843–1917), surveyor, mathematician, the Helmert transformation is named after him, it is the

chi-squared distribution In probability theory and statistics, the \chi^2-distribution with k Degrees of freedom (statistics), degrees of freedom is the distribution of a sum of the squares of k Independence (probability theory), independent standard normal random vari ...

attributed * Herbert Jobst (1915–1990), writer * Edward Johnson (1840–1903), local historian and editor of the '' Vogtländische Gazette '' * Helmut Kirchberg (1906–1983), mining scientist *

Theodor Körner (author) Carl Theodor Körner (23 September 1791 – 26 August 1813) was a German poet and soldier. After having lived for some time in Vienna, where he wrote some light comedies and other works for the Burgtheater, he became a soldier and joined the Lü ...

(1791–1813), poet, freedom fighter *

Wilhelm August Lampadius Wilhelm August Lampadius was born in Hehlen, Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, on 8 August 1772 and died on 13 April 1842 in Freiberg, Kingdom of Saxony. He was a German pharmacist in Göttingen from 1785 until 1791. Also he was an "extraordinary prof ...

(1772–1842), metallurgist, chemist * Friedrich Mohs (1773–1839),

Mineralogist Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical mineralogy, optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifact (archaeology), artifacts. Specific s ...

, creator of the Mohssche Härteskala * Carl Friedrich Naumann (1797–1873), geologist *

Novalis Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (2 May 1772 – 25 March 1801), pen name Novalis (; ), was a German nobility, German aristocrat and polymath, who was a poet, novelist, philosopher and Mysticism, mystic. He is regarded as an inf ...

(1772–1801), poet * Max Roscher (1888–1940), politician, Reichstag deputy * Bernd Schröder (born 1942), football coach *

Clara Schumann Clara Josephine Schumann (; ; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. Regarded as one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic music, Romantic era, she exerted her influence o ...

(1819–1896), pianist *

(1683–1753), organ builder * Alfred Wilhelm Stelzner (1840–1895), geologist * Christian Heinrich Spiess (1755–1799), actor, playwright and author, co-founder of the Gothic novel * Emil von Sydow (1812–1873), officer, geographer and cartographer * André Tanneberger (born 1973), known as ATB,

trance Trance is a state of semi-consciousness in which a person is not self-aware and is either altogether unresponsive to external stimuli (but nevertheless capable of pursuing and realizing an aim) or is selectively responsive in following the dir ...

DJ * Jakob Ullmann (born 1958), composer and university lecturer * Karl Eduard Vehse (1802-1870), historian *

Robert Volkmann Friedrich Robert Volkmann (6 April 1815 – 30 October 1883) was a German composer. Life Robert Volkmann was born in Lommatzsch near Meißen in the Kingdom of Saxony. His father, a music director for a church, trained him in music to prepare him ...

(1815–1883),

composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and def ...

Christian Leopold von Buch Christian Leopold von Buch (26 April 1774 – 4 March 1853), usually cited as Leopold von Buch, was a German geologist and paleontologist born in Stolpe an der Oder (now a part of Angermünde, Brandenburg) and is remembered as one of the mos ...

(1774–1853), geologist * Bernhard von Cotta (1808–1879), geologist * Kunz von Kaufungen (1410–1455), abductor of the Saxon

Prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

s Albrecht and Ernst, executed in Freiberg * Eberhard Wächtler (1929–2010), economic historian * Julius Weisbach (1806–1871), mathematician and engineer *

Abraham Gottlob Werner Abraham Gottlob Werner (; 25 September 174930 June 1817) was a German geologist A geologist is a scientist who studies the structure, composition, and History of Earth, history of Earth. Geologists incorporate techniques from physics, chem ...

(1749–1817), co-founder of the modern

geoscience Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres ...

* Jacob Benjamin Wiesner Heckerin (1758–1842), metallurgist, expand the mining practices to Latin America, economic supporter of Colombian independence *

Clemens Winkler Clemens Alexander Winkler (December 26, 1838 – October 8, 1904) was a German chemist who discovered the element germanium in 1886, solidifying Dmitri Mendeleev's theory of periodicity. Life Winkler was born in 1838 in Freiberg, Kingdom ...

(1838–1904), chemist, discoverer of

germanium Germanium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white and similar in appearance to silicon. It is a metalloid or a nonmetal in the carbon group that is chemically ...

Johann Heinrich Zedler Johann Heinrich Zedler (7 January 1706 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) – 21 March 1751 in Leipzig) was a bookseller and publisher. His most important achievement was the creation of a German encyclopedia, the '' Grosses Universal-Lexicon (Gre ...

(1706–1751), bookseller and publisher *

Gustav Zeuner Gustav Anton Zeuner (30 November 1828 – 17 October 1907) was a German physicist, engineer and epistemologist, considered the founder of technical thermodynamics and of the Dresden School of Thermodynamics. Life University and Revolution Z ...

(1828–1907), engineer

Notes and references

*Cziborra, Pascal. ''KZ Freiberg. Geheime Schwangerschaft''. Lorbeer Verlag. Bielefeld. 2008.

External links

Official website
{{Authority control Towns in the Ore Mountains Mittelsachsen Mining communities in Germany