Fred Irwin Greenstein (September 1, 1930 – December 3, 2018) was an American

political scientist Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and Power (social and political), power, and the analysis of political activities, political philosophy, political thought, polit ...

, known for his work on political leadership and the US

presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified b ...

. Born in the

Bronx The Bronx ( ) is the northernmost of the five Boroughs of New York City, boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. It shares a land border with Westchester County, New York, West ...

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

, in 1930, Greenstein completed a bachelor's degree at

Antioch College Antioch College is a Private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1850 by the Christian Connection and began operating in 1852 as a non-secta ...

in 1953 and a doctorate at

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...

in 1960. He began his teaching career at Yale in 1959, was a professor at

Wesleyan University Wesleyan University ( ) is a Private university, private liberal arts college, liberal arts university in Middletown, Connecticut, United States. It was founded in 1831 as a Men's colleges in the United States, men's college under the Methodi ...

from 1962 to 1973, and then moved to

Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial ...

, where he served for the rest of his career. Greenstein published many books and journal articles. His book ''The Hidden-Hand Presidency'' changed the way many scholars viewed the Eisenhower presidency and received the

Louis Brownlow Louis Brownlow (August 29, 1879 – September 27, 1963) was an American author, political scientist, and consultant in the area of public administration. As chairman of the Committee on Administrative Management (better known as the Brownlow Comm ...

Award in 1983 from the National Academy of Public Administration. ''How Presidents Test Reality'' received the 1990 Richard E. Neustadt Award from the

American Political Science Association The American Political Science Association (APSA) is a professional association of political scientists in the United States. Founded in 1903 in the Tilton Memorial Library (now Tilton Hall) of Tulane University in New Orleans, it publishes four ...

. Greenstein received a

Guggenheim fellowship Guggenheim Fellowships are Grant (money), grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, endowed by the late Simon Guggenheim, Simon and Olga Hirsh Guggenheim. These awards are bestowed upon indiv ...

in 1976, was named a fellow of the

American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other ...

the same year, and served as president of the

International Society of Political Psychology The International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP) is an interdisciplinary not-for-profit organization, representing all fields of enquiry involved with the exploration of relationships between both psychological and political processes and ...

from 1996 to 1997. Greenstein retired from Princeton in 2001, and died at his home in

Princeton, New Jersey The Municipality of Princeton is a Borough (New Jersey), borough in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It was established on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey, Borough of Princeton and Pri ...

, in 2018, aged 88. Greenstein's major books included: *''The American Party System and the American People'' (1963) * ''Children and Politics'' (1965) * ''Personality and Politics: Problems of Evidence, Inference, and Conceptualization'' (1969) * ''The Handbook of Political Science'' (1975) (editor, with Nelson W. Polsby) * ''The Hidden-Hand Presidency: Eisenhower as Leader'' (1982) * ''How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1954 and 1965'' (1989) (with John Burke) * ''The Presidential Difference: Leadership Style from FDR to Clinton'' (2000) * ''Inventing the Job of President: Leadership Style from George Washington to Andrew Jackson'' (2009)

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* {{DEFAULTSORT:Greenstein, Fred 1930 births 2018 deaths Antioch College alumni Yale University alumni Yale University faculty Princeton University faculty Wesleyan University faculty Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Political psychologists American political scientists Writers from Princeton, New Jersey Writers from the Bronx