Franz Woidich

Franz-Walter Woidich (2 January 1921 – 5 July 2004) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. Wernitz was credited with 110 aerial victories claimed in roughly 1000 combat missions. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

Early life and career

Woidich was born on 2 January 1921 in Znojmo (), present-day in the Czech Republic, at the time in the bilingual region of southern Moravia of the First Czechoslovak Republic. He joined the Luftwaffe in early 1940 and following flight and fighter pilot training, Woidich was posted to 5. '' Staffel'' (5th Squadron) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 27 (JG 27–27th Fighter Wing) on 11 July 1941. In July 1941, 5. ''Staffel'' was commanded by ''Hauptmann'' Ernst Düllberg and subordinated to II. '' Gruppe'' (2nd group) of JG 27 headed by ''Hauptmann'' Wolfgang Lippert. The ''Gruppe'' had just been withdrawn from combat operations on the Eastern Front and was based at Vilna. On 24 July, the ''Gruppe'' arrived at Döberitz, located approximately west of Staaken, for a period of rest and replenishment.

World War II

On Friday 1 September 1939 German forces had invaded Poland which marked the beginning of World War II. Based at Döberitz, II. ''Gruppe'' began conversion training to the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 on 18 August and prepared for combat in North Africa to support a German contingent, the Deutsche Afrika Korps under the command of Erwin Rommel. On 24 September, 5. ''Staffel'' under command of Düllberg began the relocation, arriving at Ayn al-Ġazāla on 1 October. On 21 November during the Siege of Tobruk, Woidich filed his first aerial victory claim which was not approved. In combat with the Royal Air Force (RAF) No. 250 Squadron, each side claimed one victory but no aircraft were lost in this engagement. Woidich had claimed a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighter shot down south of Ain el Gazala.

The next day, he was credited with his aerial victory when he shot down a Royal Australian Air Force P-40 northwest of Bir Hakeim. On 12 December, Woidich lost his Bf 109 F-4 trop (''Werknummer'' 8427—factory number) when the engine caught fire during start procedure. The aircraft was severely damaged and had to be blown up at Derna. On 12 February 1942, Woidich engaged in combat with Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk fighters from No. 73 and No. 274 Squadron from the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the vicinity of Tobruk on a Junkers Ju 87 dive-bomber escort mission. In this aerial encounter, he claimed a P-40 shot down southwest of Fort Acroma. On 15 March 1942, Woidich claimed a P-40 shot down in combat with No. 450 Squadron RAAF, No. 260 Squadron RAF and 2 Squadron SAAF. The combat occurred southeast of Ain el Gazala. This was his second confirmed aerial victory.

Eastern Front

Woidich was transferred to the 3. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 52 (JG 52–52nd Fighter Wing) on 1 April 1942. The ''Staffel'' was under command of ''Oberleutnant'' Helmut Bennemann and subordinated to I. ''Gruppe'' of JG 52 led by ''Hauptmann'' Karl-Heinz Leesmann. The ''Gruppe'' had been withdrawn from combat operations on 1 February 1942, and following a period of recuperation and replenishment at Jesau near Königsberg, present-day Kaliningrad in Russia, had moved to Olmütz, present-day Olomouc in Czech Republic, on 11 April. On 17 May, I. ''Gruppe'' was ordered back to the Eastern Front and relocated to Artyomovsk, present-day Bakhmut.

Here he claimed seven aerial victories by the end of 1942. On 11 June 1943, Woidich succeeded ''Oberleutnant'' Rudolf Miethig who was killed in action the day before as ''Staffelkapitän'' (squadron leader) of 3. ''Staffel'' of JG 52. At the time his score had increased to 16 aerial victories. On 13 July 1943 during the Battle of Kursk, Woidich, accompanied by his wingman ''Leutnant'' Franz Schall, claimed two Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft shot down.

His score of enemy aircraft shot down had increased to 56 by the end of 1943. He had claimed four aircraft shot down on both 7 and 13 July 1943. Following his 80th aerial victory, Woidich was awarded with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () on 11 June 1944. A noteworthy achievement was made on 11 January 1944 when he claimed his 57th to 60th aerial victory. He became an " ace-in-a-day" on 17 January 1944 when he shot down his 62nd to 66th enemy aircraft. He again claimed four aircraft shot down on 16 April 1944 for victories 72 to 75. His most successful month was July 1944 with 29 aircraft shot down. In July 1944, Woidich was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 84th ''Luftwaffe'' pilot to achieve the century mark. On 10 August, he transferred command of 3. ''Staffel'' to ''Leutnant'' Leonhard Färber.

Woidich was transferred to ''Ergänzungsstaffel'' (Training/Supplement Squadron) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 400 (JG 400–400th Fighter Wing) for conversion training to the Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket powered aircraft on 11 August 1944. As a ''Staffelkapitän'' of the 6. ''Staffel'' of JG 400 he claimed one of the very rare aerial victories while flying the Me 163 rocket fighter on 22 April 1945.

Later life

After World War II in 1953, ''Ing.-grad.'' Woidich together with ''Dipl.-Ing.'' Karl Thress opened the ''Ingenieurbüro Woidich'' (Engineering Office Woidich), an automotive technical engineering bureau, in Mainz-Kastel.In German, an engineer's degree is called ''Diplom-Ingenieur'', abbreviated ''Dipl.-Ing.'' The depreciated graduate engineering degree, ''Ing.-grad.'' (''graduierter Ingenieur'') are no longer awarded. Woidich's son, Dipl.-Bw. Gerd Woidich, joined the firm in 1981. Woidich died on 27 July 1984 at the age of in Mainz, Germany.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Woidich was credited with 110 aerial victories. Spick also lists Woidich with 110 aerial victories claimed in approximately 1,000 combat missions. Mathews and Foreman, authors of ''Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims'', researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 82 aerial victory claims, plus thirty further unconfirmed claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes 78 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and three on the Western Front, including one four-engined bomber flying the Me 163 rocket fighter.

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = ''Planquadrat''), for example "PQ 82191". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area in size.

Awards

* Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
* Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 13 September 1943 as ''Oberfeldwebel'' and pilot
* German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 as ''Oberfeldwebel'' in the 3./''Jagdgeschwader'' 52
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 11 June 1944 as pilot and ''Leutnant'' of the Reserves in the 3./''Jagdgeschwader'' 52

Notes

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Woidich, Franz
1921 births
2004 deaths
People from Znojmo
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Moravian-German people
Naturalized citizens of Germany