Frans Friedrich Ludwig Ulrich Last (1 July 1822 – 10 March 1883) was a Dutch

jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal education in law (a law degree) and often a Lawyer, legal prac ...

who served as

Attorney General In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general (: attorneys general) or attorney-general (AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have executive responsibility for law enf ...

(

Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...

: ''procureur-generaal'') at the

Supreme Court In most legal jurisdictions, a supreme court, also known as a court of last resort, apex court, high (or final) court of appeal, and court of final appeal, is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...

of the

Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...

Biography

Frans Last was born in

Elmina Elmina ( Fante: ''Edina'') is a town and the capital of the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem District on the south coast of Ghana in the Central Region. It is situated on a bay on the Atlantic Ocean, west of Cape Coast.Straight line distances ...

to colonial administrator

Friedrich Last Friedrich Franz Ludwich Ulrich Last (born 3 January 1786 – 7 May 1833) was a colonial administrator on the Dutch Gold Coast, Gold Coast. Biography Friedrich Last was born in Rostock to Johann Christian Last and Catharina Maria Deichman. ...

and the Euro-African innkeeper Elisabeth Atteveld. He grew up in Kampen, where he lived with his stepmother Petronella Johanna Aleida van Vlierden. Frans Last gained a

doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''doctor'', meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism '' licentia docendi'' ("licence to teach ...

at the

University of Groningen The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; , abbreviated as RUG) is a Public university#Continental Europe, public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen (city), Groningen, Netherlands. Founded in 1614, th ...

on 8 November 1845, and was on 31 December 1848 appointed official first class (Dutch: ''ambtenaar eerste klasse'') in the Dutch East Indies, and subsequently installed as

court clerk A court clerk (British English: clerk to the court or clerk of the court ; American English: clerk of the court or clerk of court ) is an officer of the court whose responsibilities include maintaining records of a court and administering oaths ...

(Dutch: ''griffier'') at the Circuit Court (Dutch: ''Rechtbank van Ommegang'') on Java. On 12 February 1850, he was promoted to substitute officer at the Council of Justice in Surabaya. He was moved to the Council of Justice in Batavia in February 1852, and became a full member of that council on 13 August 1852. On 28 April 1854 a promotion to advocate-general at the Supreme Court of the Dutch East Indies followed. On 26 May 1858, Frans Last was appointed judge at the said court. Frans Last published a compendium of Dutch East Indies law in 1860, and a revised second edition in 1872. Between April 1864 and November 1865, Last was on European leave. Upon his return to the Dutch East Indies, Last was instructed on 27 June 1866 to draft a penal code for natives and non-Europeans in the Dutch East Indies, based on the penal code for Europeans adopted earlier that year. Last was not convinced of his mandate however, and argued in a letter to the Governor-General that the penal code for Europeans, which in turn was based on the Napoleonic French penal code, was unsuitable for implementation in Javanese society. As a consequence, Last was relieved of his task in 1868. He had already again been appointed judge at the supreme court on 23 April 1867. In August 1869, Last was appointed president of the Council of Justice of Batavia, and in October 1872, he returned to the supreme court as Attorney General. On 12 April 1879, Last returned to Europe due to illness. Frans Last was made Knight in the

Order of the Netherlands Lion The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also known as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands (, ) is a Dutch honours system, Dutch order of chivalry founded by William I of the Netherlands on 29 September 1815. The Order of the Netherlands Lion wa ...

on 12 May 1874. He died in

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at age 60.

Decoration

*Knight in the

(1874)

Personal life

Frans Last married Ida Catharina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Carlier on 13 October 1852 in .Javasche Courant
/ref> A

carte de visite The ''carte de visite'' (, English: 'visiting card', abbr. 'CdV', pl. ''cartes de visite'') was a format of small photograph which was patented in Paris by photographer André Adolphe Eugène Disdéri in 1854, although first used by Louis Dodero ...

of Frans Last can be found in the photoalbum of John F. Loudon, which is kept in the

print room A print room is a room in an art gallery or museum where a collection of old master print, old master and modern prints, usually together with drawings, watercolours, and photographs, are held and viewed. A further meaning is a room decorated ...

Leiden University Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a Public university, public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William the Silent, William, Prince of Orange as a Protestantism, Protestant institution, it holds the d ...

Notes

References

* * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Last, Franz Friedrich Ludwig Ulrich 1822 births 1883 deaths People from Elmina Dutch jurists