Frank Springer

Frank Springer (December 6, 1929 – April 2, 2009) was an American comics artist best known for Marvel Comics' '' Dazzler'' and '' Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.''. As well, in collaboration with writer Michael O'Donoghue, Springer created one of the first adult-oriented comics features on American newsstands: " The Adventures of Phoebe Zeit-Geist" in the magazine ''Evergreen Review''. A multiple winner of the National Cartoonists Society's Reuben Award, Springer was a president of the Society and a founding member of the Berndt Toast Gang, its Long Island chapter.

Biography

Early life and career

Frank Springer was born in the Jamaica neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens, and moved with his family to nearby Nassau County, Long Island when he was nearly 10 years old.Springer in He graduated from Malverne High School in Malverne, New York, in 1948. He had one sibling, a sister, who predeceased him. Springer, whose art influences included adventure comic strips and magazine-cover illustrations by Norman Rockwell, Dean Cornwell, and J. C. Leyendecker, went on to earn an art degree from Syracuse University in 1952, and after being drafted that year, served with the U.S. Army through 1954. Stationed at Fort Dix, he spent his service, he said, "drawing pictures, drawing charts and that kind of thing. ... I got a lot of training in the army in doing sports cartoons with a deadline and so on." Following his discharge, he began freelancing in New York City, soon becoming assistant to cartoonist George Wunder on the comic strip '' Terry and the Pirates'', on which Wunder had succeeded creator Milt Caniff. Springer recalled in 2008,

Leaving in 1960 to freelance again, Springer entered the comic-book industry two years later to draw Dell Comics' ''Brain Boy'', starring a telepathic government agent, in ''Four Color Comics'' #1330 (June 1962). Springer drew the spin-off series' five-issue run of #2-6 (Sept. 1962 - Nov. 1963).

Silver Age comics

During the remainder of the 1960s and early 1970s period fans and historians call the Silver Age of comic books, Springer became a prolific penciler-inker across much of Dell's line, drawing issues of ''Ghost Stories'', ''Movie Classic'', ''Tales from the Tomb'', '' Toka: Jungle King'', and the movie/TV tie-in series ''The Big Valley'', ''Charlie Chan'', ''Iron Horse'' and ''The New People'', among other comics.

He debuted at DC Comics with two comics the same month: penciling ''Batman'' #197, and both penciling and inking the lead feature, " Dial H for Hero", in ''House of Mystery'' #171 (both Dec. 1967). Springer went on to draw an issue each of ''Detective Comics'' and '' Our Army at War''; an anthological story in another ''House of Mystery''; and the first two issues of ''Secret Six'' — the initial one a rare example of a comic-book beginning its story on the cover rather than on the inside page one.

After that, he found more regular work at rival Marvel Comics, where he debuted on '' Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.'' #4 (Sept. 1968), a fill-in issue of writer-artist Jim Steranko's signature series. Springer penciled and inked an origin-story retelling (scripted by Roy Thomas) sandwiched between Steranko's final two issues. Springer then succeeded the departed Steranko, drawing issues #6-11 (Nov. 1968 - April 1969), with Steranko providing the covers of #6-7.

Springer additionally drew '' Captain Marvel'' #13-14 (May–June 1969) and a Hercules back-up story in '' Ka-Zar'' #1 (Aug. 1970) before concentrating on his ongoing Dell work until 1973, when that company ceased publication.

Later comic books

Springer returned to draw a handful of stories for Marvel's black-and-white horror-comics magazines in 1974 and 1975, and then sprang from title to title, penciling sporadic issues of '' The Avengers'', ''Captain America'', ''The Spectacular Spider-Man'', and ''Spider-Woman'', among others, and also inked many Marvel and DC comics.

He then became regular inker of Marvel's '' The Savage She-Hulk'' over penciler Mike Vosburg on issues #10-22 (Nov. 1980 - Nov. 1981). He penciled a longer run of the superheroine series '' Dazzler'' from #4-31 and 35 (June 1981 - March 1984 and Jan. 1985), plus the Dazzler stories in '' What If...?'' #34 (Aug. 1982) and ''Marvel Graphic Novel'' #12 (1984). Springer, additionally, wrote ''Dazzler'' #27-28 and co-wrote with Jim Shooter #29 (July–Nov. 1983).

Springer's other 1980s comics include issues of Marvel's ''Conan the Barbarian'' and the company's toy-license titles based on the properties G.I. Joe and Transformers; and, for DC, a return to the Secret Six in '' Action Comics Weekly'', and issues of '' Manhunter'' and '' Green Arrow''. After a brief hiatus from comics, he returned to co-ink, with Michael Weaver, Claypool Comics' ''Phantom of Fear City'' #11-12 (Feb. and May 1995). This was his last confirmed work in comics except for a single-page profile of the DC character Perry White in ''Superman Secret Files'' #1 (Jan. 1998).

Miscellanea includes the Atlas/Seaboard series ''Cougar'' in the 1970s, and Continuity Comics' ''Armor'' in the 1990s.

Adult satire

With the dark-humor writer-provocateur Michael O'Donoghue, Springer from 1965 to 1966 drew " The Adventures of Phoebe Zeit-Geist" in the magazine ''Evergreen Review''. The feature was one of the first mature-audience comics in the U.S., following the French feature " Barbarella" in ''Evergreen Review'' in 1965. Others in the vein included ''Playboys "Little Annie Fanny" and Magazine Enterprises' " The Adventures of Pussycat". Unlike its innocently bawdy contemporaries, "Phoebe Zeit-Geist" had a darker, sometimes brutal edge, with scenes of bondage depicted as actual torture rather than Bettie Page-like playfulness. ''Evergreen Review'' publisher Grove Press collected the series as a 1968 book.

''Doonesbury'' comic-strip creator Garry Trudeau cited the strip as an early inspiration, saying, " very heavy influence was a serial in the Sixties called 'Phoebe Zeitgeist'. ... It was an absolutely brilliant, deadpan send-up of adventure comics, but with a very edgy, modernist kind of approach. To this day, I hold virtually every panel in my brain. It's very hard not to steal from it."

Springer also drew the series "Frank Fleet" for ''Evergreen Review'' from 1969 to 1970. From 1971 to 1988 he was a regular contributor to the satiric magazine '' National Lampoon'', occasionally using the pseudonyms Francis Hollidge and Bob Monhegan. He came to ''National Lampoon'', he recalled, through O’Donoghue, who had joined the magazine "and called me up almost right away to do a piece called 'Tarzan of the Cows'. I don’t know what issue it was in, but it was one of the earlier ones. I did several other pieces for the magazine and I worked with several of the other writers, Henry Beard, Doug Kenney, Brian McConnachie; all fabulous writers. These guys were really funny and I think I did some of my best work because the writing was so good."

Comic strips and cartoons

After having assisted Wunder on ''Terry and the Pirates'' from 1955 to 1960 and then moving to comic books, Springer returned to comic strips as penciler of the syndicated newspaper strip ''Rex Morgan, M.D.'' from 1979 to 1981. He also drew ''The Incredible Hulk'' newspaper strip, starring the Marvel Comics' antihero; the romance strip ''The Virtue of Vera Valiant'', with writer Stan Lee; and ''The Adventures of Hedley Kase'' in the 1990s. Springer's cartoon art has appeared in ''Games Magazine'', ''Muppets Magazine'', the New York '' Daily News'', ''Playboy'', '' Sports Illustrated for Kids'', and elsewhere.

In the mid-1960s, he did freelance work on the animated TV series ''Space Ghost'', collaborating with a partner to produce "key drawings" of action for which "in-betweener" animators did connecting art. "It was part-time stuff, but that was enjoyable. It was a different phase of cartooning," Springer recalled.

Springer also did a small amount of uncredited penciling on the comic strip ''The Phantom'', assisting Sy Barry