Frank Nigel Hepper
FLS FIBiol (13 March 1929 – 16 May 2013) was an
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Culture, language and peoples
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
* ''English'', an Amish ter ...
botanist
Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...
, best known for his work as editor of ''The Flora of West Tropical Africa (vols. II and III).''
Early life and education
Hepper was born in Leeds in 1929, living in
Weetwood
Weetwood is an area between Headingley and Meanwood in north-west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is bounded on the north by the A6120 (Outer Ring Road), on the west by the A660 (Otley Road), on the east by Meanwood Beck and to the sout ...
. During the war Hepper's family evacuated to a cottage in Cumbria and established a
smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technolo ...
, an experience recounted in Hepper's book ''Life on a Lake District Smallholding'', published shortly before his death.
He attended
Harecroft Hall Preparatory school,
Gosforth
Gosforth is an area of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, situated north of the Newcastle City Centre, City Centre. It constituted a separate Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland), urban district of Northumberland from 1895 until 1974 before of ...
, where he became friends with
Tam Dalyell
Sir Thomas Dalyell, 11th Baronet ( ; 9 August 1932 – 26 January 2017), known as Tam Dalyell, was a Scottish politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Linlithgow (formerly West Lothian) from 1962 to 2005. A member of the Labour ...
who later recalled that, even then, the young Hepper was a keen gardener and insisted on using Latin names for plants.
Hepper's memoirs of his early life also include a diary account of visit to London which included a visit to
Kew Gardens
Kew Gardens is a botanical garden, botanic garden in southwest London that houses the "largest and most diverse botany, botanical and mycology, mycological collections in the world". Founded in 1759, from the exotic garden at Kew Park, its li ...
.
Career
Following a vacation studentship at the
Natural History Museum, London
The Natural History Museum in London is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history. It is one of three major museums on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, the others being the Science Museum (Lo ...
,where he worked on ''
Silene nutans
''Silene nutans'' is a flowering plant in the genus ''Silene'', most commonly known as Nottingham catchfly.
Description
''Silene nutans'' is a diploid, mainly outcrossing, herbaceous, perennial plant.
It grows up to tall, from a branching, wood ...
'' and again, came into contact with Kew. Hepper started work at Kew as a
taxonomist
In biology, taxonomy () is the science, scientific study of naming, defining (Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxon, taxa (si ...
in 1950, working with
H. K. Airy Shaw on
Bornean flora, but was soon called up for
national service
National service is a system of compulsory or voluntary government service, usually military service. Conscription is mandatory national service. The term ''national service'' comes from the United Kingdom's National Service (Armed Forces) Act ...
which he served in the RAF as a fighter control officer until December 1952.
He returned to Kew in 1953, working with
Ronald Keay on the revision of the ''
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora (: floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring ( indigenous) native plants. The corresponding term for animals is ''fauna'', and for fungi, it is '' funga''. Sometimes ...
'', subsequently becoming its editor and seeing the revision to completion with publication of the second edition in 1973. He participated in two expeditions to West Africa, trekking in the
British Cameroon
British Cameroons or British Cameroon was a British mandate territory in British West Africa, formed of the Northern Cameroons and Southern Cameroons. Today, the Northern Cameroons forms parts of the Borno, Adamawa and Taraba states of Niger ...
s and, in contrast, travelling by
hovercraft
A hovercraft (: hovercraft), also known as an air-cushion vehicle or ACV, is an amphibious craft capable of travelling over land, water, mud, ice, and various other surfaces.
Hovercraft use blowers to produce a large volume of air below the ...
between
Senegal
Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It borders Mauritania to Mauritania–Senegal border, the north, Mali to Mali–Senegal border, the east, Guinea t ...
and
Lake Chad
Lake Chad (, Kanuri language, Kanuri: ''Sádǝ'', ) is an endorheic freshwater lake located at the junction of four countries: Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon, in western and central Africa respectively, with a catchment area in excess of . ...
on another. He had a personal interest in
Phenology
Phenology is the study of periodic events in biological life cycles and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as habitat factors (such as elevation).
Examples include the date of emergence of leav ...
and maintained records of flowering times of local plants throughout most of his life. He wrote a summary work of his phenological records in 1973 and published a more comprehensive work after retirement in 2003, providing important evidence of
global warming
Present-day climate change includes both global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its wider effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes ...
. His career at Kew progressed and, as an assistant keeper, he took charge of the Africa section based in ''Wing C'' of Kew's
Herbarium
A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant biological specimen, specimens and associated data used for scientific study.
The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sh ...
. He undertook several expeditions to East Africa including
Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...
,
Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...
,
Malawi
Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over and ...
as well as
Yemen
Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...
and
Ceylon
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...
. In 1986 he initiated the Rain Forest Genetic Resources Project, run by Kew and funded by the
ODA at
Limbe Botanic Garden
Limbe Botanic Garden or Limbe Botanical Gardens (LBG) is the principal botanic garden of Cameroon. It was created in 1892, during the German colonial era, in Victoria (former name of Limbe), between the ocean and Mount Cameroon. Initially with a ...
,
Cameroon
Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ...
.
Retirement and later life
Hepper retired from Kew in 1990 but continued to study, travel and publish. At a personal level, Hepper's Christian faith combined with his botanical expertise, and in his own time he studied and wrote about the botany of the Bible and the Holy Lands, travelling in the region both before and after retirement. He designed the bible garden at
St George's Cathedral, Jerusalem and used his knowledge for the botanical analysis of plant remains from the tomb of
Tutenkhamun at Kew.
He also edited and published his grandfather's memoirs from
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
and the autobiographical account of his early life in Leeds and Cumbria.
Hepper died at
Kingston Hospital
Kingston Hospital is an acute hospital in Kingston upon Thames, England. It is managed by the Kingston and Richmond NHS Foundation Trust. It has an emergency department, Accident & Emergency Unit, a popular Maternity unit, and an sexually transmi ...
16 May 2013.
Selected publications
*
*
*
* (unpublished)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hepper, Frank Nigel
1929 births
2013 deaths
People from Weetwood
Botanists with author abbreviations
English botanists
English Christians
Botanists active in Kew Gardens
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Scientists from Yorkshire