Francis Masse
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Francis Masse, known as Masse (born 21 August 1948), is a French artist. In the early 1970s, he first became acquainted with his sculptures, then turned to animation and cartoons.


Biography

After high school, Francis Masse studied at the art school of Nancy and then Grenoble, he made himself known first of all with his sculptures, it is an unknown aspect of his work, which nevertheless became his main activity again since the early 1990s. From the early 1970s, he made his first comics, including the ''Le Roi de le monde'' () published in Le Canard Sauvage in 1973. Masse presents a graphic universe that embodies the post-1968 trend in the avant-garde press of the early 1970s.


Cartoons

Between 1970 and 72, he tackles animation in the association aaa (Atelier d'Animation d'Annecy) with the free jazz delirium of the Judgement Dernier and the hilarious Cagouince Migrateur. In 1973–74 with Pink Splash Production (created by Paul Dopff) known for his rather underground spirit, he directed Évasion Expresse, a short film combining animated papercutting and cartoons on cellulo, integrated with the previous films in the program Dessins Animés et Cie screened for several weeks in 1974 at the Ciné-Halles in Paris. In his report of the 1974 Grenoble festival, a critic of Art Vivant defined the style of Évasion Expresse of "Crumbian" graphics and splendidly black humor. Évasion Expresse tells the story of a man sitting on the window side in a train compartment and who lets himself go to a fantasized vision of an appearance in the scrolling landscape... up to a "apotheosis".


Comic strips

In parallel with his animations, Masse continues to make comic strips, first of all he participated to the fanzine of Poussin: Gonocoque (1973-1974). Since then, the important magazines at that time solicited him: Actuel, Le Canard Sauvage,
L'Écho des Savanes ''L’Écho des Savanes'' is a Franco-Belgian comics magazine founded in May 1972 by Claire Bretécher, Marcel Gotlib and Nikita Mandryka. It featured the work of French and international authors and graphic artists in mature-oriented comics over ...
,
Charlie Mensuel ''Charlie Mensuel'' (or simply ''Charlie'', "mensuel" being a French term for a monthly periodical) was a French monthly comics magazine. Its publication began in February 1969, and ceased in February 1986. Tagged "The newspaper full of humour a ...
,
Zinc Zinc is a chemical element; it has symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodic tabl ...
,
Hara-Kiri , also known as , is a form of Japanese ritualistic suicide by disembowelment. It was originally reserved for samurai in their code of honor, but was also practiced by other Japanese people during the Shōwa era (particularly officers near t ...
,
Métal Hurlant ''Métal Hurlant'' (; literal translation: "Howling Metal," "Screaming Metal") is a French comics anthology of science fiction and horror comics stories. Originally created in 1974, the anthology ceased publication in 1987, but was revived b ...
, Surprise and
Fluide Glacial ''Fluide Glacial'' () is a monthly French comics magazine and a publishing house founded on 1 April 1975 by Gotlib, Alexis and . Since its foundation, it has featured the work of French and international authors and graphic artists such as , ...
. He published in Charlie #84 "Le Complot chromatique" (), a quite long black and white story that tells the bursting in of a small bright pink detail. His strips are grouped in albums: Masse at in 1976, Mémoires d'Outre Terre at
AUDIE Audie or Audy is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: *Audie Bock (born 1946), American film scholar and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1999 to 2000 * Audie Cole (born 1989), American Nation ...
the following year, two volumes of L'Encyclopédie de Masse and two volumes of On m'appelle l'Avalanche at
Les Humanoïdes Associés Les Humanoïdes Associés (or Humanoids) is a French- American publishing house specializing in comics and graphic novels, founded in December 1974 by comic artists Mœbius, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Philippe Druillet, and financial director Be ...
in 1982 and 1983. After the album Masse in the collection "30x40" of Futuropolis in 1985 and Les Dessous de la Ville at in 1985,
Casterman Casterman is a publisher of Franco-Belgian comics, specializing in comic books and children's literature. The company is based in Tournai, 90 kilometres southwest of the centre of Brussels, Belgium. History The company was founded in 1780 by Don ...
brings together in albums the strips of Les Deux du Balcon and then La Mare aux Pirates originally published in (À suivre) in 1985 and 1987. In Les Deux du Balcon, two socially very different characters discourse on the great scientific theories that Masse distorts in order to propose his vision where poetry, fantasy, humor and nonsense mix with scientific rigor.


Culture

In order to construct his premonitory, dark, wrecked universe, Masse parses his erudite work of allusions, nods and pastiches with which he cheerfully massacre the doxa. Philippe Ducat points out that Masse's "drame sombre" (), is his level of culture. The scientific references he uses are unusual in the world of comics and are reserved for an informed readership. Ducat adds that innovative authors such as Winshluss,
Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; ), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros, and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2022, it had a population of 212,660. Trondheim is the third most populous municipality in Norway, and is ...
, Killoffer, David B., , Blutch or consider Masse much more. Ducat finds that there is some
William Hogarth William Hogarth (; 10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an English painter, engraving, engraver, pictorial social satire, satirist, editorial cartoonist and occasional writer on art. His work ranges from Realism (visual arts), realistic p ...
in Masse's work, they share the nonsense, the satire of society, the wry and biting humor. Masse draws on heavyweight coated paper and then scrubs out material, while Hogarth engraved on metal and then printed it. The Englishman confined his characters in a box to experiment on them, playing on space-time as in The False Perspective. Masse does the same, but to a higher degree. Masse's work is often compared to Goya's one, caricature, causticity and satire are staged in nightmarish universes where fantasy reigns. According to Ducat, Masse's "cucurbitish" character recalls the satirical portraits published by
André Gill André Gill (17 October 1840 – 1 May 1885) was a French caricaturist. Born Louis-Alexandre Gosset de Guînes at Paris, the son of the Comte de Guînes and Sylvie-Adeline Gosset, Gill studied at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. ...
in the satirical press of the Second Empire, his page layouts recall
Little Nemo in Slumberland Little Nemo is a fictional character created by American cartoonist Winsor McCay. He originated in an early comic strip by McCay, '' Dream of the Rarebit Fiend'', before receiving his own spin-off series, ''Little Nemo in Slumberland''. The ful ...
(1905–14) by
Winsor McCay Zenas Winsor McCay ( – July 26, 1934) was an American cartoonist and animator. He is best known for the comic strip ''Little Nemo'' (1905–1914; 1924–1927) and the animated film ''Gertie the Dinosaur'' (1914). For contractual reasons, he w ...
, the collages by
Max Ernst Max Ernst (; 2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German-born painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic trai ...
, and the Imaginary Prisons of Giovanni Piranese (source claimed by Masse), he adds: This is simply a miracle.


Science

Masse, largely covers the scientific fields, especially since L'Encyclopédie de Masse (1982) and especially in Les Deux du Balcon (1985). Philippe Ducat evokes a logical connection with the "Science Amusante" of Tom Tit (1890), a work in which unnecessary experiments are illustrated with engravings at the limit of surrealism which inspired
René Magritte René François Ghislain Magritte (; 21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967) was a Belgium, Belgian surrealist artist known for his depictions of familiar objects in unfamiliar, unexpected contexts, which often provoked questions about the nature ...
, and according to Ducat, confines to the absurd, and compares him to Jean-Pierre Brisset and Gaston de Pawlowski with a humor close to
Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, ; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, Futurism and conceptual art. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Pica ...
's one. Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond, physicist and director of the "Science Ouverte" collection at Le Seuil, welcomes Masse's desire to disseminate scientific knowledge in an absolutely new form from a science amateur, in the noblest sense of the term and explains that Masse pulls his inspiration from references and authorities such as Jouvet, Gould, Ruelle or Aspect, and that this guarantee is necessary to support Masse's crazy vision of contemporary science. According to him, Masse demonstrates the underlying scientific truth, since he points out that science progresses by freeing from common sense. He adds that admiring science must not prevent from amusing oneself and that there is room for a merry knowledge. He ends by saying that Masse brings opening thanks to a new scenography which releases from both flat illustration and dubious metaphor. During his interview with Masse at the festival '' in 2015, the physicist
Étienne Klein Étienne Klein (; born 1958) is a French physicist and philosopher of science, born in 1958. A graduate of École Centrale Paris, he holds a DEA (Master of Advanced Studies) in theoretical physics, as well as a Ph.D. in philosophy of science and ...
draws a parallel between the work of Masse and the popularization work of the phycician
George Gamow George Gamow (sometimes Gammoff; born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov; ; 4 March 1904 – 19 August 1968) was a Soviet and American polymath, theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Georges Lemaître's Big Ba ...
who, through his character Mr Tompkins, explains with a whimsical humour the great scientific theories. The cosmologist Jean-Philippe Uzan pays tribute to him at the conference "La Cosmologie en Bande Dessinée" () (2011), referring to
Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry (; ; 8 September 1873 – 1 November 1907) was a French Artistic symbol, symbolist writer who is best known for his play ''Ubu Roi'' (1896)'','' often cited as a forerunner of the Dada, Surrealism, Surrealist, and Futurism, Futurist ...
, he describes the album (Vue d'artiste) as an innovative "pataphore" and he proposes to symbolically award Masse the title of Doctor of
Pataphysics 'Pataphysics () is a sardonic "philosophy of science" invented by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873–1907) intended to be a parody of science. Difficult to be simply defined or pinned down, it has been described as the "science of imaginary solu ...
from the
University of Paris VI Pierre and Marie Curie University ( , UPMC), also known as Paris VI, was a public research university in Paris, France, from 1971 to 2017. The university was located on the Jussieu Campus in the Latin Quarter of the 5th arrondissement of Paris, ...
, with his unanimous congratulations. The mathematician
Cédric Villani Cédric Patrice Thierry Villani (; born 5 October 1973) is a French politician and mathematician working primarily on partial differential equations, Riemannian geometry and mathematical physics. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2010, and he ...
for the release of his album "Les Rêveurs lunaires" () quotes his reference comics authors and named Masse in his personal four aces of great founding authors still alive with
Baudoin Baudoin is a surname related to Baldwin. Notable people with the name include: * Edmond Baudoin (born 1942), French artist, illustrator, and writer of sequential art and graphic novels * Gervais Baudoin (1686–1752), Canadian surgeon * Giuseppe ...
, Bourgeon, and Tardi. He describes the Masse's universe rather confusing at first, but advises that we are largely rewarded for efforts when diving into and adds that On m'appelle l'Avalanche is certainly a major work of the ninth art.


From reality to nonsense

In a discussion reported by Gabrielle Lefevre, Masse defined his approach and his humor saying the work of the artist is to give a representation of reality, as the scientist does, and the two approaches complement each other and clarifying: Obviously, I am freer than the scientist! I am only bound to poetry. He points out that, when a scientist makes an effort to popularize, he is obliged to use parables, it sometimes becomes just as in Prévert. According to him, the description of the reality can only pass through humor, because humor is the grammar of what means several things at the same time. Vincent Baudoux speaks of the apparent "non-sens" (i.e. no sense) of Masse and prefers the English term "nonsense" by referring to
Robert Benayoun Robert Benayoun (12 December 1926 in Kenitra, Morocco – 20 October 1996 in Paris) was a French film critic and author, and one-time member of the jury at the Cannes Film Festival of 1980. He wrote books on Tex Avery, Woody Allen, Buster Keaton, ...
(Les dingues du Nonsense, Baland, 1984), who considers nonsense to be the logic extrapolated up to absurdity, while the French term of "non-sens" translates the absence of logic. The term "nonsense" is the most suitable for defining the work of Masse, this is why he is more appreciated by a readership open to the Anglo-Saxon culture. For example, when
Terry Gilliam Terrence Vance Gilliam ( ; born 22 November 1940) is an American-British filmmaker, comedian, collage film, collage animator, and actor. He gained stardom as a member of the Monty Python comedy troupe alongside John Cleese, Eric Idle, Michael Pa ...
, the American
Monty Python Monty Python, also known as the Pythons, were a British comedy troupe formed in 1969 consisting of Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin. The group came to prominence for the sketch comedy ser ...
, released his film
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
, he told to Libération that amongst his stated influences figure
Goya Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (; ; 30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings, an ...
, the American underground comics and French comics, with a rare admiration for Masse: Fabulous ! I would love to make a film with him, and he still amazes me. Similarly, in an interview with the magazine
Les Inrockuptibles ''Les Inrockuptibles'' (), abbreviated as ''Les Inrocks'', is a French cultural magazine. Started as a monthly in 1986, it became weekly in 1995. As of 2021, it returned to a monthly format. In the beginning, rock music was the magazine's prim ...
,
Art Spiegelman Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman ( ; born February 15, 1948), professionally known as Art Spiegelman, is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel ''Maus''. His work as co-editor on the comics magazin ...
quotes Masse before Crumb and Tardi by saying that what he did was incredible, his work is important and very much underestimated. In this paper, Masse's style is described as strips stripped with the steel wool of a funny cynicism.


Masse and the world of comics

Although Masse has published in numerous magazines and produced about twenty albums, it has never aroused the enthusiasm of the public usually fond of comics, nevertheless his work is often acclaimed by the critic and by artists who quote him as a reference. For
Willem Willem () is a Dutch name, Dutch and West Frisian language, West FrisianRienk de Haan, ''Fryske Foarnammen'', Leeuwarden, 2002 (Friese Pers Boekerij), , p. 158. masculine given name. The name is Germanic languages, Germanic, and can be seen as the ...
, Masse was in 1982 the greatest.
Thierry Groensteen Thierry Groensteen (; born 18 April 1957, Uccle, Brussels) is a Belgian comics researcher and theorist. Career In 1984, Groensteen became the editor-in-chief of the old fanzine ''Schtroumpf : Les Cahiers de la bande dessinée'', transformin ...
evokes in 1984 the "massolatry" reigning within the team of the Cahiers de la Bande Dessinée. It is written in La lettre des Sables d'Olonne that Masse is unique, his universe is dark and fantastic, the author points out that Masse is the first, and still the only one, having dealt with scientific problems in the comic strip with seriousness and fantasy, he describes the style as intelligent popularization, and it is a rather entertaining and rather underestimated genre, while explaining that his writing is close to
Raymond Queneau Raymond Auguste Queneau (; ; 21 February 1903 – 25 October 1976) was a French novelist, poet, critic, editor and co-founder and president of Oulipo (), notable for his wit and cynical humour. Biography Queneau, the only child of Auguste Que ...
or
Marcel Aymé Marcel Aymé (; 29 March 1902 – 14 October 1967) was a French novelist and playwright, who also wrote screenplays and works for children. Biography Marcel André Aymé was born in Joigny, in the Burgundy region of France, the youngest ...
: One must read him as an author. Benoît Gilles says that Masse is recognized as one of the precursors of the new freedoms of the comic strip. At the ,
Art Spiegelman Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman ( ; born February 15, 1948), professionally known as Art Spiegelman, is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel ''Maus''. His work as co-editor on the comics magazin ...
presents Masse as one of the prominent figures in his now-legendary New Yorker journal RAW. In 2007, the museum of Sainte-Croix Abbey in Sables d'Olonne organizes a retrospective of Masse's comics and animated films as well as an exhibition of his sculptures. The
Association Association may refer to: *Club (organization), an association of two or more people united by a common interest or goal *Trade association, an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry *Voluntary associatio ...
reissues On m'appelle l'Avalanche. Le Seuil publishes L'Art Attentat, a collection of old strips colorized by Pakito Bolino. The Dernier Cri publishes Tsunami au musée a snakes and ladders limited edition game. From February to April 2009, he appeared with Stéphane Blanquet,
Gilbert Shelton Gilbert Shelton (born May 31, 1940) is an American cartoonist and a key member of the underground comix movement. He is the creator of the iconic underground characters '' The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers'', '' Fat Freddy's Cat'', and '' Wonder ...
,
Joost Swarte Joost Swarte (born 24 December 1947 in Heemstede) is a Dutch cartoonist and graphic designer. He is best known for his ligne claire or ''clear line'' style of drawing, a term he coined. Comic series and characters by Swarte include ''Katoen en ...
and
Chris Ware Franklin Christenson "Chris" Ware (born December 28, 1967) is an American cartoonist known for his ''Acme Novelty Library'' series (begun 1994) and the graphic novels ''Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth'' (2000), ''Building Stories'' (2012 ...
in the exhibition
Quintet A quintet is a group containing five members. It is commonly associated with musical groups, such as a string quintet, or a group of five singers, but can be applied to any situation where five similar or related objects are considered a single ...
at the Contemporary Art Museum in Lyon. Since 2011, he begins to reissue his albums as well as original works at Glénat. At the end of 2014, a new Encyclopédie de Masse is reissued, with more than fifty entirely new strips, humor drawings and never-reissued strips, the artist redrawn many strips and rewrote the dialogs.


Filmography

* ''14 juillet'', 1971. Realised in
pixilation Pixilation is a stop motion technique in which live actors are used as a frame-by-frame subject in an animated film, by repeatedly posing while one or more frame is taken and changing pose slightly before the next frame or frames. This technique ...
. * ''Le Cagouince Migrateur'' (), 1971. * ''Le Jugement Dernier'' (), 1972. * ''Évasion Expresse'' (), 1973. Broadcast at the show Pop2 of ORTF on Saturday 3 November 1973. * ''Le Clap'' (), 1973. Originally made for a film based on exquisite corpse principle and realized by a collective of authors. * ''La première ascension du Mont Blanc par un Français'' (), 1974. Rushes of 20 minutes exist for this film produced by Cinémation and broadcast in the 1970s in a Michel Lancelot's show. * ''Chimère'' (), 1986. A 4 minutes short film. * ''La Loi du chaos'' (), 2002. Original script (graphical and show bible) for 26 episodes created by Masse for an animated TV show.


Publications

List extracted from the detailed bibliography.Detailed Bibliography
/ref>


Magazines

* , 1973–1974. * , Le POP, 1973–1974. * , Novapress, 1973–1974. * , Glénat, 1973–1974. * , Le bourricot magique, circa 1975. * , Newlife Éditions, circa 1975. * , Glénat, 1974–1976. * , , 1974–1977. * , , 1974–1976. * , , 1975–1976. * , , 1975–1976, 1985. * , , 1976. * , 1978. * ,
AUDIE Audie or Audy is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: *Audie Bock (born 1946), American film scholar and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1999 to 2000 * Audie Cole (born 1989), American Nation ...
, 1975–1978, 2017–2018. * ,
Les Humanoïdes Associés Les Humanoïdes Associés (or Humanoids) is a French- American publishing house specializing in comics and graphic novels, founded in December 1974 by comic artists Mœbius, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Philippe Druillet, and financial director Be ...
, 1975–1977, 1980–1987. * , Françoise Mouly & Art Spiegelman, 1982–1985. * , , 1982. * , Dutch edition of
Métal hurlant ''Métal Hurlant'' (; literal translation: "Howling Metal," "Screaming Metal") is a French comics anthology of science fiction and horror comics stories. Originally created in 1974, the anthology ceased publication in 1987, but was revived b ...
, 1982–1983. * , Sinsemilla Éditions, 1984. * ,
Les Humanoïdes Associés Les Humanoïdes Associés (or Humanoids) is a French- American publishing house specializing in comics and graphic novels, founded in December 1974 by comic artists Mœbius, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Philippe Druillet, and financial director Be ...
, 1984. * , Novapress, 1984. * , Danish edition of
Métal hurlant ''Métal Hurlant'' (; literal translation: "Howling Metal," "Screaming Metal") is a French comics anthology of science fiction and horror comics stories. Originally created in 1974, the anthology ceased publication in 1987, but was revived b ...
, 1984–1986. * , Swedish edition of
Métal hurlant ''Métal Hurlant'' (; literal translation: "Howling Metal," "Screaming Metal") is a French comics anthology of science fiction and horror comics stories. Originally created in 1974, the anthology ceased publication in 1987, but was revived b ...
, Tryckt hos Vaasa, circa 1984–1986. * , SHIFT Éditions, 1985. * , SHIFT Éditions, 1985–1986. * , SEH (SHIFT Éditions), 1986. * , , 1986. * , parisian supplement to ''Télérama'', 1983–1985. * ,
Casterman Casterman is a publisher of Franco-Belgian comics, specializing in comic books and children's literature. The company is based in Tournai, 90 kilometres southwest of the centre of Brussels, Belgium. History The company was founded in 1780 by Don ...
, 1982–1990. * , Para Pente publishing, 1987–1988. * , Alpha-Comic Verlag, 1987. * , GEDIT spa, 1989. * , Françoise Mouly & Art Spiegelman, 1991. * , section ''La gazette du Midi Viticole''. * ,
AUDIE Audie or Audy is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: *Audie Bock (born 1946), American film scholar and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1999 to 2000 * Audie Cole (born 1989), American Nation ...
, Série OR #80 dated 20 September 2017, #81 dated 21 December 2017, #82 dated 21 March 2018, #85 dated 20 December 2018. * ,
Dupuis Éditions Dupuis S.A. () is a Belgium, Belgian publisher of comic albums and magazines. Based in Marcinelle near Charleroi, Dupuis is mostly famous for its comic comics album, albums and magazines. Initially a French language publisher, it now ...
, Spirou vs. Fluide Glacial, #4195 dated 9 May 2018.


Albums

* , , coll. "L'Écho des Savanes présente", 1976. * (),
AUDIE Audie or Audy is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: *Audie Bock (born 1946), American film scholar and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1999 to 2000 * Audie Cole (born 1989), American Nation ...
, coll. "Fluide Glacial", 1977. * ,
Les Humanoïdes Associés Les Humanoïdes Associés (or Humanoids) is a French- American publishing house specializing in comics and graphic novels, founded in December 1974 by comic artists Mœbius, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Philippe Druillet, and financial director Be ...
: # ''Volume 1 : A-H'', 1982. # ''Volume 2 : I-Z'', 1982. * (),
Les Humanoïdes Associés Les Humanoïdes Associés (or Humanoids) is a French- American publishing house specializing in comics and graphic novels, founded in December 1974 by comic artists Mœbius, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Philippe Druillet, and financial director Be ...
: # ''On m'appelle l'Avalanche : Volume 1'', 1983. # ''On m'appelle l'Avalanche : Volume 2'', 1983. #* Reissue in one single volume,
L'Association L'Association is a French publishing house located in Paris which publishes comic books. It was founded in May 1990 by Jean-Christophe Menu, Lewis Trondheim, David B., Mattt Konture, Patrice Killoffer, Stanislas, and Mokeït. L'Associatio ...
, 2007. * , Futuropolis, coll. "30 x 40", 1985. * (), , 1985. * (),
Casterman Casterman is a publisher of Franco-Belgian comics, specializing in comic books and children's literature. The company is based in Tournai, 90 kilometres southwest of the centre of Brussels, Belgium. History The company was founded in 1780 by Don ...
, coll. "Studio (A Suivre)", 1985. Reissue Glénat, coll. "1000 feuilles", 2011. * (),
Casterman Casterman is a publisher of Franco-Belgian comics, specializing in comic books and children's literature. The company is based in Tournai, 90 kilometres southwest of the centre of Brussels, Belgium. History The company was founded in 1780 by Don ...
, coll. "Studio (A Suivre)", 1987. Reissue Glénat, coll. "1000 feuilles", 2013. * , Le Dernier Cri, 2007. * , Le Dernier Cri, 2007. * , Le Seuil, 2007. * (), Glénat, coll. "1000 feuilles", 2011. * , Glénat, coll. "1000 feuilles", 2012. Reissue of ''Masse'' in "30x40" with an additional story "Les pommes" (). * , "With English Subtitles", Le Chant des muses, coll. "Zorro Zébré", 2012. * ,
L'Association L'Association is a French publishing house located in Paris which publishes comic books. It was founded in May 1990 by Jean-Christophe Menu, Lewis Trondheim, David B., Mattt Konture, Patrice Killoffer, Stanislas, and Mokeït. L'Associatio ...
, coll. "Espôlette", 2014. * , Glénat, coll. "1000 feuilles", 2014. * , Glénat, coll. "1000 feuilles", 2015. * , Galerie Dock Sud, 2015. * , Super Loto Éditions, coll. "Banco", 2015. * ,
L'Association L'Association is a French publishing house located in Paris which publishes comic books. It was founded in May 1990 by Jean-Christophe Menu, Lewis Trondheim, David B., Mattt Konture, Patrice Killoffer, Stanislas, and Mokeït. L'Associatio ...
, coll. "Patte de mouche", 2016.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Masse, Francis 1948 births Living people French animators French comics artists French sculptors French animated film directors French graphic artists