Francis Joseph Bigger
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Francis Joseph Bigger (1863 – 9 December 1926) was an Irish antiquarian, revivalist, solicitor, architect, author, editor, Member of the
Royal Irish Academy The Royal Irish Academy (RIA; ), based in Dublin, is an academic body that promotes study in the natural sciences, arts, literature, and social sciences. It is Ireland's premier List of Irish learned societies, learned society and one of its le ...
, and Fellow of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. His collected library, now distributed across several public institutions, comprised more than 18,000 books, journals, letters, photographs, sketches, maps, and other materials. His house in Belfast was a gathering place for Irish nationalist politicians, artists, scholars, and others. He was a prolific sponsor and promoter of Gaelic culture, authored many works of his own, founded (or co-founded) several institutions, and revived and edited the ''Ulster Journal of Archaeology''.


Namesake confusion

The Belfast politician Joseph Biggar changed the spelling of his surname from Bigger to Biggar (when he converted to Catholicism), which caused people some confusion in the spelling of ''Francis'' Joseph Bigger's surname.


Life

Bigger was born in 1863, in Belfast on Little Donegall Street. The seventh son of Joseph Bigger, of Belfast, and his wife Mary Jane (née Ardery) of Ballyvalley. He was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, one of whose original governors at its foundation in 1810 was his grandfather David Bigger, and one of whose governors during his education there was his father. One of his brothers was Edward Coey Bigger. Bigger joined the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club, and was later its secretary and its president. He became a solicitor in 1888, and was also a
Freemason Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) consists of fraternal groups that trace their origins to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Freemasonry is the oldest secular fraternity in the world and among the oldest still-existing organizati ...
. He also helped to organize the Glens Feis, a feis at Cushendall, out of a desire to promote Gaelic culture that also saw him join, and become a member of the executive committee of, the
Gaelic League (; historically known in English as the Gaelic League) is a social and cultural organisation which promotes the Irish language in Ireland and worldwide. The organisation was founded in 1893 with Douglas Hyde as its first president, when it eme ...
. With the support of the veteran Irish-language revivalist Robert Shipboy MacAdam, who had founded and edited the publication's original series (1853-1862), in 1894 Bigger revived the ''Ulster Journal of Archaeology'' and he was to edit it until 1914. His active interest in archeology is still recalled by archeologists a century later, with sites that he had dug being known informally as "well and truly Biggered". In 1911, Bigger bought Jordan's Castle in Ardglass which he restored, and bequeathed to the state. As an architect, Bigger wrote a complaint to the ''
Irish Independent The ''Irish Independent'' is an Irish daily newspaper A newspaper is a Periodical literature, periodical publication containing written News, information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray backgrou ...
'', published on 2 March 1907, about plans for some cottages, in response to which the ''Independent'' invited him to present his own plans. He drew these up and the ''Independent'' published them as ''Labourers' Cottages for Ireland'' . Writer Jonathan Bell characterized these as the plans of an "eccentric antiquarian", as they deliberately excluded
sink A sink (also known as ''basin'' in the UK) is a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. Sinks have a tap (faucet) that supplies hot and cold water and may include a spray feature to be used for fas ...
s from the design, Bigger claiming that "washing up is usually done in a bucket". Regular visitors to his home in Belfast, Ardrigh House number 737b on Antrim Road, were
Douglas Hyde Douglas Ross Hyde (; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949), known as (), was an Irish academic, linguist, scholar of the Irish language, politician, and diplomat who served as the first president of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945. He was a l ...
, Roger Casement, and Francis McPeake. Casement often stayed with him when in Belfast. Bigger arranged lessons for McPeake in Irish traditional pipe music from John O'Reilly of Galway, paying for the Belfast lodgings of McPeake and O'Reilly, and giving additional money to O'Reilly's family. There is a long list of such visitors most of them Republicans and early separatists, known as the "Ardrigh coterie", including Stephen Gwynn,
Padraic Colum Padraic Colum (8 December 1881 – 11 January 1972) was an Irish poet, novelist, dramatist, biographer, playwright, children's author and collector of folklore. He was one of the leading figures of the Irish Literary Revival. Early life Co ...
, Anna Johnston, and Alice Milligan, and Captain
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, who with Casement in 1913 addressed a unique Protestant
Home Rule Home rule is the government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens. It is thus the power of a part (administrative division) of a state or an external dependent country to exercise such of the state's powers of governan ...
meeting in
Ballymoney Ballymoney ( , meaning 'townland of the moor') is a town and Civil parishes in Ireland, civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is within the Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council area. The civil parish of Ballymoney is situated ...
. A description of Ardrigh House can be found in chapter 4 of Joseph Connolly's ''Memoirs'', , listed in
further reading Further or furthur, alternatively farther, may refer to: * ''Furthur'' (bus), the Merry Pranksters' psychedelic bus *Further (band), a 1990s American indie rock band *Furthur (band) Furthur was an American rock band founded in 2009 by former G ...
. Bigger himself spelled the house's name "Airdrie" in correspondence; it was demolished in 1986 in order to build a block of flats. Bigger was the patron, and first president, of the Ulster Literary Theatre that was founded by in 1902 by another Belfast Gaelic Leaguer, Bulmer Hobson. This patronage extended to financing the theatre's journal, which was named ''Uladh'' (the word for Ulster in Irish), and writing an article, "Art and Culture in Old Belfast", for its first issue in 1904. Bigger financed ''Songs of Uladh'' by another of his visitors, Herbert Hughes. The book was published in 1904, the result of a holiday to
County Donegal County Donegal ( ; ) is a Counties of Ireland, county of the Republic of Ireland. It is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Ulster and is the northernmost county of Ireland. The county mostly borders Northern Ireland, sharing only a small b ...
taken by Bigger, who brought along Hughes and the two brothers John Patrick Campbell and Joseph Campbell. Hughes noted down the melodies of various folk songs during the holiday, which were then published in the ''Songs'' with words by Joseph and illustrative woodcuts by John. Bigger strove to improve the standards of
public house A pub (short for public house) is in several countries a drinking establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption Licensing laws of the United Kingdom#On-licence, on the premises. The term first appeared in England in the ...
s, founding the Ulster Public House Association (a.k.a. the Ulster Public House Trust or Ulster Public House Reform Association). For his contributions to local history and archeology,
Queen's University Belfast The Queen's University of Belfast, commonly known as Queen's University Belfast (; abbreviated Queen's or QUB), is a public research university in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. The university received its charter in 1845 as part of ...
awarded him a master's degree in 1926. He died at home in 1926. Bigger had at least one venture in electoral politics. In the general election of 1906, he was the election agent for J. A. M. Carlisle standing as an Independent Liberal Unionist in Belfast West. With Bigger's help, Carlisle managed just 153 votes, enough to help the Home Ruler, Joseph Devlin slip past the (conservative) Irish Unionist with a majority of 16..


Works

A strong supporter of the revival of Irish language and culture, he wrote on those and many aspects of the archaeology of Northern Ireland. His best-known work is ''The Ulster Land War of 1770'', and he also edited and contributed numerous articles to ''Ulster Journal of Archaeology''. Other works include his booklet ''The Hills of Holy Ireland'', a diatribe against the British rule of Ireland that was based upon a lecture that Bigger gave in the Linen Hall Library, which was on display in the Belfast Central Library from 2007 to 2008 as part of an exhibition. He also wrote pamphlets entitled ''Irish Penal Crosses'' and ''The Northern Leaders of 98'', a novel ''Aeneas O’Haughan'', a collection of fireside stories ''Four Shots from Dawn''. With Herbert Hughes, Bigger also made a collection of just under 175 rubbings of the heraldic designs engraved on gravestones in County Antrim, which they published in the ''Ulster Journal of Archaeology'' in 1900 and 1901. There is a partial list of . Others not listed there and not aforementioned include: * () * * John Smyth Crone edited his ''Articles and Sketches'' , a selection of just some of his work, that was published after his death. Other people's works that they dedicated to Bigger include Cathal O'Byrne's ''As I Roved Out'' and George A. Birmingham's ''The Northern Iron''.


Collections

A catalogue of his personal collection at his death is in , which runs to 302 pages. This comprised a significant fraction of the 1956 ''Catalogue of Belfast Central Library'', the Bigger Collection having been presented to the Belfast Central Library by Bigger's brother (Lieutenant Colonel F.C. Bigger) a year after his death. The collection in the BCL runs to 10,000 books and journals, 3,500 letters of correspondence, and 180 boxes of scrapbooks, maps, and pamphlets. A further collection of 5,000 photographs is held separately at the Ulster Museum. The
bookplate An , also known as a bookplate (or book-plate, as it was commonly styled until the early 20th century), is a printed or decorative label pasted into a book, often on the front endpaper, to indicate ownership. Simple typographical bookplates are ...
s that he used for his books have the
motto A motto (derived from the Latin language, Latin , 'mutter', by way of Italian language, Italian , 'word' or 'sentence') is a Sentence (linguistics), sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of a ...
: "Giving and Forgiving". The curator of the 2007–2008 exhibition about him at the Belfast Central Library, Roger Dixon, described him as a "one man Irish Cultural Institute" in an accompanying pamphlet entitled ''Ireland's Cultural Visionary''. In the
National Library of Ireland The National Library of Ireland (NLI; ) is Ireland's national library located in Dublin, in a building designed by Thomas Newenham Deane. The mission of the National Library of Ireland is "To collect, preserve, promote and make accessible the ...
, photographs of his home, family, and associates are ; and miscellaneous papers of his are . Other papers of his are held at the Linen Hall Library and at the Public Records Office of Northern Ireland.


References


Reference bibliography

* * * * * * * * Dudgeon, Jeffrey. ''Roger Casement: The Black Diaries with a Study of his Background, Sexuality and Irish Political Life''. Belfast Press; 3rd paperback and Kindle editions, 2019, https://www.amazon.co.uk/Roger-Casement-background-sexuality-political/dp/1916019404. * * * * * * ()


Further reading


In dictionaries of biography

:''See also the ones in the reference bibliography.'' * * *


Contemporary obituaries in scholarly and professional journals

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Other biographies

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On Bigger's collection, house, and his individual works

* * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Bigger, Francis Joseph 1863 births 1926 deaths Irish antiquarians Members of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Members of the Royal Irish Academy Gaelic culture Irish nationalism Celtic Revival Protestant Irish nationalists Writers from Belfast Architects from Belfast People educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution