Francesco Primaticcio

Francesco Primaticcio (; April 30, 1504 – 1570) was an Italian Mannerist painter, architect and sculptor who spent most of his career in France.

Biography

Born in Bologna, he trained under Giulio Romano in Mantua and became a pupil of Innocenzo da Imola, executing decorations at the Palazzo Te before securing a position in the court of Francis I of France in 1532.

Together with Rosso Fiorentino he was one of the leading artists to work at the Chateau Fontainebleau (where he is grouped with the so-called "First School of Fontainebleau") spending much of his life there. Following Rosso's death in 1540, Primaticcio took control of the artistic direction at Fontainebleau, furnishing the painters and stuccators of his team, such as Nicolò dell'Abate, with designs. He made cartoons for tapestry-weavers and, like all 16th-century court artists, was called upon to design elaborate ephemeral decorations for masques and fêtes, which survive only in preparatory drawings and, sometimes, engravings. Francis I trusted his eye and sent him back to Italy on buying trips in 1540 and again in 1545.

In Rome, part of Primaticcio's commission was to take casts of the best Roman sculptures in the papal collections, some of which were cast in bronze to decorate the parterres at Fontainebleau.The project, which brought a first virtual confrontation with Roman sculpture to French patrons and artists, is surveyed in detail by S. Pressouyre, "Les fontes de Primatice à Fontainebleau", ''Bulletin monumental'' 127 (1969), pp. 223-38. See also Thomas Clouet, "Fontainebleau de 1541 à 1547. Pour une relecture des Comptes des Bâtiments du roi", ''Bulletin monumental'' 170 (2012), pp. 195-234, in which article a precise chronology of the casting of these famous bronzes is established
english summary
. The precious moulds, at the instigation of Leone Leoni were sent to the Habsburg court in the Spanish Netherland in 1550 and, after serving to make a set of stucco casts for Charles V's daughter Mary of Hungary, Queen-governess of the Netherlands at Binche (where they were destroyed by Henry II's troops in 1554) they were probably forwarded to Leoni in Milan (Bruce Boucher, "Leone Leoni and Primaticcio's Moulds of Antique Sculpture", ''The Burlington Magazine'' 123 No. 934 (January 1981), pp. 23-26).

Primaticcio retained his position as court painter to Francis' heirs, Henry II and Francis II. His masterpiece, the ''Salle d'Hercule'' at Fontainebleau, occupied him and his team from the 1530s to 1559.

Primaticcio's crowded Mannerist compositions and his long-legged canon of beauty influenced French art for the rest of the century.

Primaticcio turned to architecture towards the end of his life, his greatest work being the Valois Chapel at the Abbey of Saint-Denis, although this was not completed until after his death and was destroyed in 1719.

Gallery

Image:Francesco_Primaticcio_001.jpg , Alexander tames Bucephalus
Image:Francesco_Primaticcio_003.jpg , The rape of Helena, 1530-1539
File:Chaalis voute abside.JPG, Ceiling at Chaalis Abbey
File:Chaalis fresque annonciation.JPG , ''Annunciation'' at Chaalis

Ulysses Gallery at Fontainebleau

Engravings by Giorgio Ghisi after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Ulysses Gallery (destroyed 1738–39) at Fontainebleau

File:Apollo, Pan, and a putto blowing a horn, from a series of eight compositions after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Ulysses Gallery (destroyed 1738-39) at Fontainebleau MET MM20346.jpg, Apollo, Pan, and a putto blowing a horn
File:Three Muses and a Gesturing Putto, from a series of eight compositions after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Ulysses Gallery (destroyed 1738-39) at Fontainebleau MET DP821337.jpg, Three Muses and a Gesturing Putto
File:Three Muses and a Putto with a Lyre, a cruciform composition, from a series of eight compositions after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Gallery of Ulysses (destroyed 1738-39) at Fontainebleau MET DP821276.jpg, Three Muses and a Putto with a Lyre, a cruciform composition
File:Three Muses and a Putto with Cymbals, from a series of eight compositions after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Ulysses Gallery (destroyed 1738-39) at Fontainebleau MET DP821339.jpg, Three Muses and a Putto with Cymbals


File:Hercules, Bacchus, Pan, and Saturn(?), from a series of eight compositions after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Ulysses Gallery (destroyed 1738-39) at Fontainebleau MET DP821346.jpg, Hercules, Bacchus, Pan, and Saturn(?)
File:Ceres Seated on Clouds with Two Goddesses and Two Putti, from a series of eight compositions after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Ulysses Gallery (destroyed 1738-39) at Fontainebleau MET DP821331.jpg, Ceres Seated on Clouds with Two Goddesses and Two Putti
File:Pluto, Neptune, Minerva and Apollo, from a series of eight compositions after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Ulysses Gallery (destroyed 1738-39) at Fontainebleau MET DP821333.jpg, Pluto, Neptune, Minerva and Apollo
File:Venus and Cupid, Two Other Goddesses, and a Putto, from a series of eight compositions after Francesco Primaticcio's designs for the ceiling of the Ulysses Gallery (destroyed 1738-39) at Fontainebleau MET DP821328.jpg, Venus and Cupid, Two Other Goddesses, and a Putto

Notes

References

''The Oxford Dictionary of Art'',

External links

Entry in 'Art-cyclopedia'Château de Fontainebleau
(in English)
''The engravings of Giorgio Ghisi''
a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Francesco Primaticcio (see index)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Primaticcio
1504 births
1570 deaths
Artists from Bologna
16th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Italian Mannerist painters
Italian Mannerist architects
Italian Mannerist sculptors
French Mannerist painters
French architects
French sculptors