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In a sufficiently hard interaction between particles, the cross section can be factorized into parton distribution functions (PDFs), the hard scattering part, and fragmentation functions. The fragmentation functions, as are the PDFs, are
non-perturbative In mathematics and physics, a non-perturbative function or process is one that cannot be described by perturbation theory. An example is the function : f(x) = e^, which does not have a Taylor series at ''x'' = 0. Every coefficient of the Tayl ...
functions describing the production of a given observed final state. In a leading order picture, it can be interpreted as the probability that the observed final state originates from a given
quark A quark () is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. All common ...
or
gluon A gluon ( ) is an elementary particle that acts as the exchange particle (or gauge boson) for the strong force between quarks. It is analogous to the exchange of photons in the electromagnetic force between two charged particles. Gluons bi ...
.


See also

* Proton structure function


References

Functions related to probability distributions {{particle-stub