The femoral head (femur head or head of the femur) is the highest part of the thigh bone (

femur The femur (; : femurs or femora ), or thigh bone is the only long bone, bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many quadrupeds, four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg. The Femo ...

). It is supported by the

femoral neck The femoral neck (also femur neck or neck of the femur) is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. Structure The neck is flattene ...

Structure

The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. The femoral head's surface is smooth. It is coated with

cartilage Cartilage is a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue. Semi-transparent and non-porous, it is usually covered by a tough and fibrous membrane called perichondrium. In tetrapods, it covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints ...

in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the femoral head, and gives attachment to the

ligament of head of femur The ligament of the head of the femur (round ligament of the femur, foveal ligament, or Fillmore's ligament) is a weak ligament located in the hip joint. It is triangular in shape and somewhat flattened. The ligament is implanted by its apex into ...

. The thickest region of the articular cartilage is at the centre of the femoral head, measuring up to 2.8 mm. The diameter of the femoral head is usually larger in men than in women.

Fovea capitis

The fovea capitis is a small, concave depression within the head of the femur that serves as an attachment point for the ligamentum teres (Saladin). It is slightly ovoid in shape and is oriented "superior-to-posteroinferior. (Cerezal)" This orientation might be favorable for the tensed fibers of the ligamentum teres. The fovea capitis is located "slightly posterior and inferior to the center of the articular surface of the femoral head (Cerezal)" Unlike the head of the femur, the fovea capitis lacks any hyaline cartilage. The fovea capitis may contain vascular canals in two-thirds of individuals, but "their contribution to femoral head vascularity varies. (Cerezal)"

Clinical significance

If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. The head of the femur is relevant to

orthopedic surgery Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics ( alternative spelling orthopaedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal ...

because it can undergo

avascular necrosis Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. Early on, there may be no symptoms. Gradually joint pain may develop, which may limit the person's abilit ...

and consequent

osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD or OD) is a joint disorder primarily of the subchondral bone in which cracks form in the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. OCD usually causes pain during and after sports. In later stages o ...

. The femoral head is removed in

total hip replacement Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi/semi(half) replacement. Such joint replacem ...

surgery.

Additional images

File:Hueftgelenk-gesund.jpg, Radiograph of a healthy human hip joint File:Head of femur.jpg,

Gross pathology Gross pathology refers to macroscopic manifestations of disease in organ (anatomy), organs, Tissue (biology), tissues, and body cavity, body cavities. The term is commonly used by anatomical pathology, anatomical pathologists to refer to diagnosti ...

specimen of the head of the femur with some synovium attached at the bottom and the ligament attached at the top. Ruler in centimeters at left side. File:Gray244.png, Right femur. Anterior surface. File:Gray341.png, Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis. File:Gray436.png, The obturator externus. File:Slide2DAD.JPG, Hip joint. Lateral view. Femur head File:Slide2DADA.JPG, Hip joint. Lateral view. Femur head

References

*Cerezal, Luis. "Anatomy, Biomechanics, Imaging, and Management of Ligamentum Teres Injuries." ''RadioGraphica''. RSNA, Oct. 2010. Web. Nov. 2015. *Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 300–302. Print.

External links

* {{Authority control Bones of the lower limb Femur