''Adansonia rubrostipa'', commonly known as fony baobab, is a deciduous tree in the

Malvaceae Malvaceae (), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include Theobroma cacao, cacao, Cola (plant), cola, cotton, okra, Hibiscus sabdariffa, ...

family. Of eight species of baobab currently recognized, six are indigenous to Madagascar, including fony baobab. It is endemic to western Madagascar, found in

Baie de Baly National Park Baie de Baly National Park is a National Park in Madagascar. Geography Baie de Baly National Park or Baly Bay National Park is situated in Soalala District in the region of Boeny, close to Soalala and Ambohipaky, approximately to the next major ...

, south. It is associated with well-drained soils and is found in dry and spiny forests. It occurs in the following protected areas: Amoron'i Onilahy, Baie de Baly, Menabe Antimena, Mikea, Namoroka, Ranobe PK 32, Tsimanampesotse, Tsimembo Manambolomaty, Tsinjoriake (La Table/St Augustin). Fony baobab is the smallest of the baobabs, easily identified by its distinctive reddish bark. It is usually bottle-shaped and has toothed leaves and round fruit. It was first described by H.Perrier de la Bathie in 1909.

Description

General

This is a small to large deciduous tree tall with reddish brown, peeling bark. The trunk is usually a distinctive bottle shape. Main branches are often horizontal, then curving upward toward the tips. Branches sometimes have spines on the upper surface.

Leaves

Leaves are present from November to April and are made up of 3-5 stalkless (sessile) leaflets with finely toothed edges (teeth about long). Most baobab species have untoothed leaves.

Flowers

Flowers are large, showy and highly scented. They emerge when in the trees are in leaf, usually from February to April. Flower buds are long and cylindrical, set on a green, long stalk. The outer part of the

perianth The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower. It is a structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepal ...

, the calyx, is made up of yellowish green lobes with faint reddish stripes. As the flower opens, the calyx lobes fold back and become twisted tightly at the base of the flower. The

petals Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''coroll ...

are bright yellow to orange-yellow, spreading, long and narrow but with expanded overlapping bases. Inside the petals is a pale yellow staminal tube (a tube made up of fused

stamens The stamen (: stamina or stamens) is a part consisting of the male reproductive organs of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filamen ...

) up to long and in diameter. Set at the top of the staminal tube are 100-150 filaments long, the outer unfused. The inner 10-20 filaments are erect and united into a central bundle that extends for about beyond the top of the tube. This central bundle of fused filaments set above the staminal tube is an identifying feature of fony baobab. In the very centre of the flower is an ovary, covered with dense golden hairs, with a pink long style topped by a red stigma that blackens with age. Flowers open around dusk. They take less than 30 minutes to open and have a very short reproductive phase. Pollen is released the first night and the stigmas shrivel by morning. Pollinators include the long-tongued hawkmoth '' Coelonia solani''.

Fruit

Ripe fruit of fony baobab can be found October to November. Fruits are rounded with a thick shell (pericarp) with dense reddish-brown hairs. Seeds are kidney-shaped (reniform).

Taxonomy

Plants of the World considers ''Adansonia fony'' Baill. to be the accepted name for a broader taxon which includes two varieties: ''Adansonia fony'' var. ''fony'' and ''Adansonia fony'' var. ''rubrostipa'' (Jum. & H.Perrier).

Habitat

Fony baobab is associated with well drained, dry habitats on

calcareous Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime (mineral), lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of Science, scientific disciplines. In zoology ''Calcare ...

soils. It is found in dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar, and is an important component of the spiny thickets or "spiny desert" of southern Madagascar, a globally distinctive ecoregion.

Threats

Habitat loss and forest destruction are the chief threats, but population trends are unknown. Forests are logged for timber and charcoal production, or cleared for mining or urbanization. Grazing may disturb baobab seedlings.

Notable Trees

Two large fony baobabs growing in

Tsimanampetsotse National Park Tsimanampetsotsa National Park also spelt Tsimanampetsotse, and known as Tsimanampetsotsa Nature Reserve is a 432 km2 national park on the south-west coast of Madagascar in the region Atsimo-Andrefana. The park is south of Toliara and south ...

were studied using radiocarbon dating. One called "Grandmother" is made up of 3 fused trunks of different ages, with the oldest part of the tree an estimated 1,600 years old. The second, "polygamous baobab", has six fused stems, and is an estimated 1,000 years old.

Uses

Roots, seeds and fruits are reportedly edible. Wood of fire-killed trees may be used as thatching material and in some areas trees are cut and used for charcoal production.