''Foma Gordeyev or The Man Who Was Afraid (Gordeev)'' nowiki/>is an 1899 novel by

Maxim Gorky Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (; ), was a Russian and Soviet writer and proponent of socialism. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an aut ...

. It was first published by '' Zhizn'' magazine in February–September 1899 and came out as a separate edition in 1900, as part of the Zhizn Library (vol.3), with a dedication to

Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; ; 29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, widely considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his b ...

.Commentaries to Фома Гордеев
. The Works by M.Gorky in 30 vols. Vol.4 // Собраниe сочинений в 30-ти томах. ГИХЛ, 1949-1956 ''Foma Gordeyev'' was translated by Isabel F. Hapgood in 1901.

Background

Gorky started working on ''Foma Gordeyev'' in 1898. "It is supposed to present the broad and true picture of the contemporary life, while featuring the figure of an energetic, healthy man, craving for space to realize his power's potential. He feels restricted. Life smothers him. He realizes that there is no place for heroes in it, they apt to being defeated by small things, like Hercules, the conqueror of hydras, crashed by hordes of mosquitoes," he wrote in a February 1898 letter to the publisher S. Dorovatsky."Эта повесть доставляет мне немало хороших минут и очень много страха и сомнений, - она должна быть широкой, содержательной картиной современности, и в то же время на фоне её должен бешено биться энергичный здоровый человек, ищущий дела по силам, ищущий простора своей энергии. Ему тесно. Жизнь давит его, он видит, что героям в ней нет места, их сваливают с ног мелочи, как Геркулеса, побеждавшего гидр, свалила бы с ног туча комаров". Gorky considered his hero an atypical figure in the context of Russian merchant community. "Foma is just a sprightly man looking for freedom but feeling thwarted by life's conventions," he wrote in the same letter, promising to soon embark upon another novel, telling by way of redressing the balance, the life of a 'true' tradesman, a smart and cynical crook, going by the name of Mikhail Vyagin (the project never materialized). In his correspondence Gorky complained about numerous cuts made by the governmental censors. He radically revised the text twice, in 1900 and 1903.

Reception

The novel was highly rated among the socialist critics and writers.

Jack London John Griffith London (; January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916), better known as Jack London, was an American novelist, journalist and activist. A pioneer of commercial fiction and American magazines, he was one of the first American authors t ...

in his review writes: "Foma Gordyeeff" is a big book—not only is the breadth of Russia in it, but the expanse of life. Yet, though in each land, in this world of marts and exchanges, this age of trade and traffic, passionate figures rise up and demand of life what its fever is, in "Foma Gordyeeff" it is a Russian who so rises up and demands. For Gorky, the Bitter One, is essentially a Russian in his grasp on the facts of life and in his treatment. All the Russian self-analysis and insistent introspection are his. And, like all his brother Russians, ardent, passionate protest impregnates his work."

Adaptations

The eponymous Soviet film by Mark Donskoy, based on the novel, came out in 1959.

References

External links

Фома Гордеев
1959, by Mark Donskoy, starring Georgy Epifantsev 1899 Russian novels Novels by Maxim Gorky Novels set in the 19th-century Russian Empire {{1890s-novel-stub