The

beetle Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...

subfamily Curculioninae is part of the

weevil Weevils are beetles belonging to the superfamily Curculionoidea, known for their elongated snouts. They are usually small, less than in length, and herbivorous. Approximately 97,000 species of weevils are known. They belong to several families, ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Curculionidae. It contains over 23,500 described

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

in 2,200

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...

, and is therefore the largest weevil subfamily. Given that the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

(Coleoptera) contains about one-quarter of all known

organism In biology, an organism () is any life, living system that functions as an individual entity. All organisms are composed of cells (cell theory). Organisms are classified by taxonomy (biology), taxonomy into groups such as Multicellular o ...

s, the Curculioninae represent one of the – if not ''the'' – most successful radiations of terrestrial

Metazoa Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage ...

. Many weevils of this group are commonly known as flower weevils or acorn and nut weevils, after a food commonly eaten by Curculioninae

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Th ...

e and imagines — the

reproductive organ A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal or plant that is involved in sexual reproduction. The reproductive organs together constitute the reproductive system. In animals, the testis in the male, and the ovary in the female, ...

s of

plant Plants are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all curr ...

Systematics

This large subfamily is divided into around 30

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

s. Delimitation of the Curculioninae is fairly robust considering its enormous size; there is some dispute, however, in their exact boundary with the Molytinae. The Phrynixini and Trypetidini are also included in the Curculioninae by some authors, but more often they are considered Molytinae; conversely, the Itini are usually placed in the Curculioninae but sometimes in the Molytinae, which are also expanded by certain authors to include, among others, the whole Cryptorhynchinae. These, as well as the Ceutorhynchinae, are sometimes included in the Curculioninae as additional tribes Cryptorhynchini and Ceutorhynchini. And some genera while almost certainly Curculioninae, are too unusual and/or ancient to be easily assigned to a specific tribe. Features used to distinguish some of the tribes are:

List of tribes

The subfamily Curculioninae consists of the following

s:
Some notable genera are also listed. * Acalyptini Thomson, 1859 ** ''

Acalyptus ''Acalyptus'' is a genus of true weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There is at least one described species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a ...

'' ** '' Anchylorhynchus'' * AcentriniSeidlitz, 1890 * Acentrusini Alonso-Zarazaga, 2005 * Ancylocnemidini Voss, 1962 * Anoplini Bedel, 1884 *

Anthonomini Anthonomini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Curculioninae. Genera * '' Acalyptops'' - '' Achia'' - '' Adelus'' - '' Anthonomopsis'' - '' Anthonomus'' - '' Apopnictus'' - '' Assuanensius'' - '' Atractomerus'' - '' Botanebius'' - '' Brachony ...

Thomson, 1859 ** ''

Anthonomus ''Anthonomus'' is a genus of weevils. This genus includes major agricultural pests such as the boll weevil, strawberry blossom weevil, and pepper weevil, as well as promising biological pest control agents such as '' Anthonomus santacruzi''. ...

'' ** ''

Brachonyx ''Brachonyx'' is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Curculionidae. The genus was first described by Schönherr in 1825. Synonyms: * ''Sarapus'' Schönherr, 1826 * ''Brachyonyx'' Agassiz, 1846 * ''Onychobrachys'' Gistel, 1856 Species: * ...

'' * Camarotini Schönherr, 1833 * Ceratopodini Lacordaire, 1863 * Cionini Schönherr, 1825 ** ''

Cionus ''Cionus'' is a genus of weevils. Species * ''Cionus alauda'' * '' Cionus albidus'' * '' Cionus albopubens'' * '' Cionus albopunctatus'' * '' Cionus albosparsus'' * '' Cionus alluaudi'' * '' Cionus amictus'' * '' Cionus angulicollis'' ...

'' * Cranopoeini Kuschel, 2009 * Cryptoplini Lacordaire, 1863 * Curculionini Latreille, 1802 ** '' Curculio'' *

Derelomini Derelomini is a tribe of true weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are about five genera and eight described species in Derelomini. Genera These five genera belong to the tribe Derelomini: * '' Derelomus'' Schönherr, ...

Lacordaire Lacordaire is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Jean Théodore Lacordaire (1801–1870), Belgian entomologist *Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire (1802–1861), French preacher See also *Colegio Lacordaire *Lacordaire Academy La ...

, 1865 * Diabathrariini Lacordaire, 1863 *

Ellescini Ellescini is a tribe of true weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are at least 3 genera and about 18 described species in Ellescini. Genera These three genera belong to the tribe Ellescini: * '' Dorytomus'' Germar, 1817 ...

Thomson, 1859 ** ''

Dorytomus ''Dorytomus'' is a genus of weevils belonging the family Curculionidae and subfamily Curculioninae. It was first described by the German entomologist, Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1817. See also * List of Dorytomus species This is a list of 177 ...

'' ** ''

Ellescus ''Ellescus'' is a genus of true weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are about 16 described species in ''Ellescus''. Species These 16 species belong to the genus ''Ellescus'': * '' Ellescus aurifer'' Sturm, 1826 * '' Ellescus bicol ...

'' *

Erodiscini ''Sicoderus'' is a genus of true weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families, with 6,800 genera and 83,000 spe ...

Lacordaire, 1863 * Eugnomini Lacordaire, 1863 ** '' Meriphus'' ** '' Pactolotypus'' * Geochini Zimmerman, 1994 *

Gonipterini Gonipterini is a tribe of weevils in the subfamily Curculioninae. The larvae and adults are usually found on eucalyptus trees, where they feed upon the foliage. The larvae are legless and slug-like in appearance. The adults have a broad body, a ...

Lacordaire, 1863 ** ''

Gonipterus ''Gonipterus'' is a genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae. There are approximately 20 described species in the genus, most of which are native to Australia.Mapondera, T. S., et al. (2012)Identification and molecular phylogenetics of the c ...

'' * Itini Reitter, 1913 * Mecinini Gistel, 1848 ** ''

Mecinus ''Mecinus'' is a genus of true weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are at least 90 described species in ''Mecinus''. Species These 95 species belong to the genus ''Mecinus'': * '' Mecinus aestivus'' Caldara, 2001 * ' ...

'' ** '' Rhinusa'' * Neosharpiini Hoffmann, 1956 * Nerthopini Lacordaire, 1865 *

Otidocephalini Otidocephalini is a tribe of antlike weevils in the beetles family Curculionidae, occurring in North and South America. There are 6 genera in Otidocephalini. Genera Genera belonging to the tribe Otidocephalini: * '' Laemomerus'' Kirsch, 1874 * ...

Lacordaire, 1863 * Piazorhinini Lacordaire, 1863 * Prionobrachiini Hustache, 1938 * Pyropini Lacordaire, 1865 *

Rhamphini Rhamphini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Curculioninae. Genera * '' Dinorhopala'' Pascoe, 1860 * '' Imachra'' F.P.Pascoe, 1874 * '' Indodinorrhopalus'' Indodinorrhopalus H.R.Pajni & S.Sood, 1981 * '' Isochnus'' C.G.Thomson, 1859 * '' Ixa ...

Rafinesque, 1815 ** ''

Rhynchaenus ''Rhynchaenus'' is a genus of beetles alternatively placed in the subfamilies Rhynchaeninae or in Curculioninae, of family Curculionidae. It previously included the genus ''Orchestes'', but is now restricted to a smaller group of species, all ...

'' *

Smicronychini Smicronychini is a tribe of true weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are at least 7 genera in Smicronychini. Genera These seven genera belong to the tribe Smicronychini: * '' Afrosmicronyx'' Hustache, 1935 * '' Hedych ...

Seidlitz, 1891 * Sphaeriopoeini Kuschel, 2003 *

Storeini Storeini, or flower weevils, is a tribe of true weevils (Curculionidae The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families, with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species ...

Lacordaire, 1863 ** '' Glaucopela'' ** ''

Peristoreus ''Peristoreus'' is a weevil genus native to New Zealand. This genus was first described in 1877 by Theodor Franz Wilhelm Kirsch Theodor Franz Wilhelm Kirsch (29 September 1818, Düben, Torgau - 8 July 1889, Dresden) was a German entomologist ...

'' * Styphlini Jekel, 1861 ** ''

Pseudostyphlus ''Pseudostyphlus'' is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Curculionidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe. Species: * ''Pseudostyphlus bilunulatus'' Desbrochers, 1892 * ''Pseudostyphlus dorytomiformis ''Pseudostyphlus'' ...

'' *

Tychiini Tychiini is a tribe of leguminous seed weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are about 5 genera and at least 30 described species in Tychiini. Genera These five genera belong to the tribe Tychiini: * '' Lignyodes'' Deje ...

Gistel, 1848 ** ''

Lignyodes ''Lignyodes'' is a genus of ash seed weevils in the family Curculionidae The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families, with 6,800 genera and 83,000 specie ...

'' ** ''

Tychius ''Tychius'' is a genus of leguminous seed weevils in the family Curculionidae The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families, with 6,800 genera and 83,000 s ...

'' * Ulomascini Lacordaire, 1865 ** '' Misophrice'' * Viticiini Morimoto, 1983

Footnotes

References

* * *

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1936307 Beetle subfamilies