Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular

red algae Red algae, or Rhodophyta (, ; ), make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta comprises one of the largest Phylum, phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 recognized species within over 900 Genus, genera amidst ongoing taxon ...

. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear

pit connection In algal anatomy, a pit connection is a hole in the septum between two algal cells, and is found only in multicellular red algae − specifically in the subphylum Eurhodophytina, except haploid Bangiales. They are often stoppered with proteinaceous ...

s, but these have since been found in the filamentous stage of the Bangiaceae. They were also thought only to exhibit apical growth, but there are genera known to grow by intercalary growth. Most, but not all, genera have three phases to the

life cycle Life cycle, life-cycle, or lifecycle may refer to: Science and academia *Biological life cycle, the sequence of life stages that an organism undergoes from conception to reproduction *Life-cycle hypothesis, in economics *Erikson's stages of psy ...

. In the subclass Nemaliophycidae there are three orders, Balbianiales, Batrachospermales, and Thoreales, which lives exclusively in freshwater.Complete mitochondrial genomes of six species of the freshwater red algal order Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta)
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Classification

There are various classification schemes; see

. One option is to use the following:

Subclass Hildenbrandiophycidae

Hildenbrandiales Hildenbrandiales is an order of crustose forms red alga which bear conceptacles and produce secondary pit-connections. They reproduce by vegetative gemmae as well as tetrasporangia, which are produced inside the conceptacles. The way in whic ...

Subclass
Nemaliophycidae Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular red algae. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been found in the filamentous stage of the Bangiaceae. They were also thought only to ...

* Acrochaetiales *

Balbianiales Balbianiales is an order of red algae belonging to the class Florideophyceae Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular red algae. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been f ...

Balliales Balliales is an order of red algae belonging to the class Florideophyceae Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular red algae. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been found i ...

Batrachospermales Batrachospermales is an order of red algae Red algae, or Rhodophyta (, ; ), make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta comprises one of the largest Phylum, phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 recognized species with ...

Colaconematales ''Colaconema'' is a genus of marine red algae Red algae, or Rhodophyta (, ; ), make up one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta comprises one of the largest Phylum, phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 recognized species w ...

Nemaliales Nemaliales is an order of red algae. It holds approximately 286 species. Families As accepted by AlgaeBase (with amount of species per genus); * Suborder Galaxaurineae (117) **Galaxauraceae - 58 spp. **Scinaiaceae Scinaiaceae is a family ...

Palmariales Palmariales is an order of marine algae. It includes the edible seaweed dulse ('' Palmaria palmata''). References {{Authority control Florideophyceae Red algae orders ...

Entwisleiales ''Entwisleia'' is a monotypic genus in the red algae family, Entwisleiaceae. There is just one species (the type species) in this genus, ''Entwisleia bella'', from south-eastern Tasmania and represents both a new family and a new order (Entwisl ...

Thoreales Thoreales is an order of red algae belonging to the class Florideophyceae. The order consists only one family, Thoreaceae .Hassall, A.H. 1845. A history of the British freshwater algae, including descriptions of the Desmideae and Diatomaceae. Wit ...

Subclass
Corallinophycidae The Corallinophycidae is a grouping of several calcifying red algal lineages recovered by molecular analysis. Orders According to AlgaeBase, it contains; * Order Corallinales (826 species) * Order Corallinapetrales (2) * Order Corallino ...

Corallinales Coralline algae are red algae in the order Corallinales. They are characterized by a thallus that is hard because of calcareous deposits contained within the cell walls. The colors of these algae are most typically pink, or some other shade of re ...

* Corallinapetrales *

Rhodogorgonales The Rhodogorgonales are an order of red algae, a sister group to the corallines. They are always thalloid and calcified; their calcification is very different from the corallines, as individual calcite crystals are deposited in the cell wall ...

Sporolithales The Sporolithaceae is the only known family of algae in the Sporolithales order.Kamiya, M., Lindstrom, S.C., Nakayama, T., Yokoyama, A., Lin, S.-M., Guiry, M.D., Gurgel, F.D.G., Huisman, J.M., Kitayama, T., Suzuki, M., Cho, T.O. & Frey, W. (2017). ...

The subclass Corallinophycidae was introduced in 2007.

Subclass Ahnfeltiophycidae

Ahnfeltiales Ahnfeltiales is an order of red algae belonging to the class Florideophyceae Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular red algae. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been fou ...

* Pihiellales

Subclass
Rhodymeniophycidae Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular red algae. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been found in the filamentous stage of the Bangiaceae. They were also thought only to ...

Bonnemaisoniales Bonnemaisoniales is an order of red algae in the class Florideophyceae. It includes 2 families; * Bonnemaisoniaceae - 25 spp. * Naccariaceae - 7 spp. The order has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution i ...

Ceramiales Ceramiales is an order of red algae. It was established by Friedrich Oltmanns in 1904. Families * Callithamniaceae Kützing, 1843 * Ceramiaceae Dumortier, 1822 * Choreocolacaceae Sturch * Dasyaceae Kützing, 1843 * Delesseriaceae Bory, 1828 * ...

* Gelidiales *

Gigartinales Gigartinales is a red algae order in the class Florideophyceae Florideophyceae is a class of exclusively multicellular red algae. They were once thought to be the only algae to bear pit connections, but these have since been found in the fila ...

Gracilariales Gracilariales is an order of red algae. References Red algae orders {{Rhodophyta-stub ...

* Halymeniales * Nemastomatales *

Peyssonneliales Peyssonneliales is a monotypic order of red algae belonging to the class Florideophyceae and the subclass Rhodymeniophycidae. It contains only 1 known family, Peyssonneliaceae . The type species is '' Peyssonnelia'' History Genera ''Peyssonne ...

* Plocamiales * Rhodymeniales * Acrosymphytales * Atractophorales * Catenellopsidales * Sebdeniales According to molecular clock analysis, Florideophyceae diverged from other red algae about 943 (817–1,049) million years ago. It split into Hildenbrandiophycidae ca. 781 (681–879) mya, Nemaliophycidae ca. 661 (597–736) mya and Corallinophycidae ca. 579 (543–617) mya, and ca. 508 (442–580) mya the split between Ahnfeltiophycidae and Rhodymeniophycidae occurred.

References

External links

Tree of Life: Florideophyceae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1002125