Florencio Sánchez

Florencio Sánchez (January 17, 1875 – November 7, 1910) was a Uruguayan playwright, journalist and political figure. He is considered one of the founding fathers of theater in the River Plate region of Argentina and Uruguay.

Biography

Florencio Sánchez's parents moved him and his eleven siblings to the city of Treinta y Tres and later to Minas, where he attended elementary school. At a very young age, he published a few satirical articles in a newspaper and participated as actor and author in some family musicals (with staged representations).

After abandoning high school, Sánchez alternated his life between Montevideo, Buenos Aires and Rosario. His intense works in journalism and theater unfolded in these cities. In Montevideo he joined the International Center for Social Studies (a literary organization). In Rosario he was a secretary for the writing department of ''La República'' ("The Republic"), a publication led by Lisandro de la Torre. His first writings of a social and political nature were published in ''La República''. The critical and scathing realism was apparent in his literary work for the newspaper; this writing style would later characterize his theatrical productions.

Sánchez moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1892, after spending some time in Rosario, a city in Santa Fe, Argentina. He remained there for two years. After his return to Montevideo in 1894, he began working as a journalist for the newspapers ''El Nacional'' ("The National"), ''La Razón'' ("The Reason"), and ''El Siglo'' ("The Century"). He published interviews and wrote political articles in which he incorporated dialogues among the protagonists. In Buenos Aires, he began to make a name for himself as a journalist. He started to participate in intellectual circles and the Buenos Aires night life.

In 1897, when the civil war broke out in Uruguay, he returned to his home country and fought under Aparicio Saravia, thus continuing his family's history of political action. During this phase, he came into contact with intellectuals such as Eduardo Acevedo Díaz. Shortly after his wartime service, his political affiliation with anarchy began. He wrote in ''La Protesta'' ("The Protest") and in the magazine ''El Sol'' ("The Sun"), the latter being led by Alberto Ghiraldo. Sánchez's plays ''Ladrones'' ("Thieves") and ''Puertas adentro'' ("Doors Within") were written in the anarchist model.

On August 13, 1903, his first play, ''M'hijo el dotor'' ("My son, the doctor"), was performed in the Comedy Theater of Buenos Aires. It was a success, and he followed up with a short but intense period of playwriting, with similar success in both Buenos Aires and Montevideo. These new plays included a farce entitled ''La gente honesta'' ("The Honest People") and perhaps his most famous play, ''Canillita'' ("The Newspaper Vendor"), both also written in 1903. ''Canillita'' has been interpreted by a Spanish operetta company.

With the success of ''M'hijo el dotor'', Sánchez married Catalina Raventos on September 25, 1903, after being in a relationship with her since 1897. His unorganized economic life caused him to sell his plays to several impresarios and theater actors for very little, when he needed money. He frequently accepted advances for plays which he had not yet finished or begun writing, and he sometimes wrote plays hurriedly, giving them away without final revisions.

In 1906, Sánchez settled in La Plata, where he worked for the Office of Anthropometric Identification, which was funded by Juan Vucetich. He contracted tuberculosis, which was spreading rapidly during the late 1880s and early 1900s.

For many years, he had intended to travel to Europe to create a socially and economically successful play. In 1909, he found an opportunity to go and boarded the Italian ship ''Principe di Udine'' on September 25, arriving in Genova on October 13. In Italy, he dedicated himself finding a way to connect with the theater companies, for an opportunity to see his plays produced in Spain and France. Upon receiving 3000 francs in 1910 for his play ''Los muertos'' ("The Dead"), he spent all of his money in just a few days in Niza on women and gambling in casinos.

After traveling through much of Italy and southern France, he went to Milan, an important center for theater, to contact with some theater impresarios. However, his disease was affecting his health and he was ordered to travel to Switzerland because it was believed that the pure Alpine air would help him. After arriving in Switzerland by train, he was refused service by hotels and hospitals because of his contagious disease. He returned to Milan and was admitted to a hospital in Milan on November 2 and died on November 7. He was thirty-five years old.

A passionate observer, Sánchez's favorite themes for his plays were family, the tenement, and immigrants. He also portrayed the social classes on both sides of the Silver River (Río de la Plata), displaying through the everyday life of and dialogue between his characters both the misery and hope of the working class.

Works

Sánchez is regarded as Uruguay's leading playwright. His dramatic plays include:

* ''La gente honesta'' nglish: The Honest PeopleFarce; premiere- June 26, 1903. Retitled ''Los curdas''.
* ''M'hijo el dotor'' nglish: My Son, the DoctorComedy in three acts; premiere- August 13, 1903
* ''Canillita'' nglish: The Newspaper VendorFarce; premiere- October 2, 1903
* ''Cédulas de San Juan'' nglish: The Raffle of the Night of St. JohnFarce in two acts; premiere- August 7, 1904
* ''La pobre gente'' nglish: The Poor PeopleComedy in two acts; premiere- October 1904
* ''La gringa'' nglish: The GringaComedy in four acts; premiere- November 21, 1904
* ''Barranca abajo'' nglish: Downwards GullyTragedy in three acts; premiere- April 26, 1905
* ''Mano santa'' nglish: Holy HandFarce; premiere- June 9, 1905
* ''En familia'' nglish: In the FamilyComedy in three acts; premiere- October 6, 1905
* ''Los muertos'' nglish: The DeadComedy in three acts; premiere- October 23, 1905
* ''El conventillo'' nglish: The TenementTraditional Spanish Operetta in one act; premiere- June 22, 1906
* ''El desalojo'' nglish: The EvictionFarce; premiere- July 16, 1906
* ''El pasado'' nglish: The PastComedy in three acts; premiere- October 22, 1906
* ''Los curdas'' nglish: The DrunkardsFarce; premiere- January 2, 1907
* ''La tigra'' nglish: The TigressFarce; premiere- January 2, 1907
* ''Moneda falsa'' nglish: The CounterfeitFarce; January 8, 1907
* ''El cacique Pichuelo'' nglish: Chief PichueloTraditional Spanish Operetta; premiere- January 9, 1907
* ''Los derechos de la salud'' nglish: Health RightsComedy in three acts; premiere- December 4, 1907
* ''Nuestros hijos'' nglish: Our ChildrenComedy in three acts; premiere- June 1908
* ''Marta Gruni'' Farce; premiere- July 1908. Utilized as a text for an opera written by Juarés Lamarque Pons in 1967
* ''Un buen negocio'' Comedy in two acts; premiere- May 2, 1909

Political activities

Sánchez was a supporter of the conservative nationalist leader Aparicio Saravia. He sided with Saravia in the Uruguayan Civil War of 1897, but disillusioned by its aftermath, Sánchez became an anarchist and wrote for the anarchist periodical ''La Protesta'' ().

References

See also

* List of Uruguayan writers
* Anarchism in the Americas

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanchez, Florencio
1875 births
1910 deaths
People from Montevideo
Uruguayan anarchists
Argentine anarchists
Uruguayan dramatists and playwrights
Uruguayan male dramatists and playwrights
Uruguayan politicians
Burials at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo