Orne
Orne (; or ) is a département in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne. It had a population of 279,942 in 2019.commune in the Calvadosdepartment in the
Normandy
Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy.
Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...
region
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...
in northwestern
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
. It is part of the
Communauté urbaine Caen la Mer
The communauté urbaine Caen la Mer is the ''communauté urbaine'', an Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunal structure, centred on the Communes of France, city of Caen. It is located in the Calvados (department), Calvados departments ...
and of the
agglomeration
Agglomeration may refer to:
* Urban agglomeration, in standard English
* Megalopolis, in Chinese English, as defined in China's ''Standard for basic terminology of urban planning'' (GB/T 50280—98). Also known as "city cluster".
* Economies of agg ...
of
Caen
Caen (; ; ) is a Communes of France, commune inland from the northwestern coast of France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Calvados (department), Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inha ...
Until 1916 Fleury-sur-Orne was known as ''Allemagne (Calvados)'' after the
Alamanni
The Alemanni or Alamanni were a confederation of Germanic tribes
*
*
*
on the Upper Rhine River during the first millennium. First mentioned by Cassius Dio in the context of the campaign of Roman emperor Caracalla of 213 CE, the Alemanni c ...
tribe which once guarded the ford across the
Orne
Orne (; or ) is a département in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne. It had a population of 279,942 in 2019.First World War
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
this name, meaning in French ''Germany'', became inconvenient and embarrassing for the inhabitants (unlike those of Allemagne-en-Provence in Southern France). The town council therefore decided on 23 August 1916, to change the name and to call it Fleury-sur-Orne in memory of the commune of
Fleury-devant-Douaumont
Fleury-devant-Douaumont (, literally ''Fleury before Douaumont'') is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
During the Battle of Verdun in 1916 it was captured and recaptured by the Germans and French 16 times ...
, a commune of the
Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of .
History
From 1301, the upper ...
(in 1914: 422 inhabitants, school, church, town hall, 13 tradesmen, 10 landholding farmers), which was destroyed in 1916.
Massacre of the Athis fort
In 1047, Duke William of Normandy (later William the Conqueror), helped by Henry I, king of France, put an end to a revolt of Norman barons at the
Battle of Val-ès-Dunes
The Battle of Val-ès-Dunes (''Valesdunes''François de Beaurepaire préface Michel Tamine), ''Les noms de lieux du Calvados'' (''annotated by Dominique Fournier''), Paris, Éditions L'Harmattan, L'Harmattan, 2022, p. 365) was fought in 1047 by t ...
, close to the villages of Chicheboville, Secqueville and Bourguébus. Little is known about this battle, but it seems to have been a purely cavalry contest, with neither infantry nor archers playing a significant role.
After a series of disorderly cavalry skirmishes, the rebellious barons fled. They were slaughtered as they tried to cross the
Orne
Orne (; or ) is a département in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne. It had a population of 279,942 in 2019.Athis fort close to Fleury-sur-Orne. Carried downstream ''en masse'', the bodies of the massacred knights blocked the mill of Barbillon on the level of current Ile Enchantée.
The victory allowed William to remain
Duke of Normandy
In the Middle Ages, the duke of Normandy was the ruler of the Duchy of Normandy in north-western France. The duchy arose out of a grant of land to the Viking leader Rollo by the French king Charles the Simple in 911. In 924 and again in 933, N ...
, thus setting the stage for his later brilliant battles and statecraft.
Population
Personalities
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Nicole Oresme
Nicole Oresme (; ; 1 January 1325 – 11 July 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a French philosopher of the later Middle Ages. He wrote influential works on economics, mathematics, physics, astrology, ...
See also
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Communes of the Calvados department
The following is a list of the 526 Communes of France, communes of the Calvados (department), Calvados Departments of France, department of France.
The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities ...