''Flavoparmelia baltimorensis'', the rock greenshield lichen (from ''Lichens of North America''), is a medium to large

foliose lichen A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like , which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each o ...

with a yellow green upper

thallus Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entir ...

surface when dry; its lobes are rounded without

pseudocyphella Pseudocyphellae (singular ''pseudocyphella'') are structures in lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface (the cortex) of the lichen. They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen, and the medullary hyphae extend ...

e; and the upper surface is covered with

globose This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary ...

pustule A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this ...

-like growths resembling

isidia An isidium (plural: isidia) is a tiny, wart- or finger-like outgrowth on the thallus surface of certain lichen species. It is one of two principal types of vegetative reproduction, vegetative reproductive structures in lichens, the other being ...

. The lower surface is black with a narrow brown zone at the margins.

Chemistry

Cortex Cortex or cortical may refer to: Biology * Cortex (anatomy), the outermost layer of an organ ** Cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the vertebrate cerebrum, part of which is the ''forebrain'' *** Motor cortex, the regions of the cerebral cortex i ...

, PD−, K−, KC+ yellowish, C− (usnic acid).
Medulla, PD+ red-orange, K−, KC+ pink, C− (

protocetraric acid Protocetraric acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is a secondary metabolite produced by a variety of lichens and is classified as a depsidone. History In 1845 Knop and Schnedermann isolated crystalline cetraric acid fro ...

, with or without

gyrophoric acid Gyrophoric acid is a tridepside. It is a double ester of the orsellinic acid. It can also be found in most of the species of the lichen genera '' Actinogyra'', '' Lasallia'', and '' Umbilicaria'' . Natural occurrence and biosynthesis Gyropho ...

Habitat

On rock in shaded or exposed areas.

Similar species

The very similar '' Flavoparmelia caperata'' usually grows on the bark of trees, but may be found on rock. The granular

soredia Soredia are common reproduction, reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens asexual reproduction, reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungus, fung ...

produced in irregular

soralia Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or g ...

distinguishes it from ''F. baltimorensis'', which lacks true

. ''

Flavopunctelia flaventior ''Flavopunctelia flaventior'' is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described as a new species by James Stirton in 1877 as ''Parmelia flaventior''. In 1982, Hildur Krog transferred it to the subgenu ...

'' and ''

Flavopunctelia soredica ''Flavopunctelia soredica'' is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first described as ''Parmelia soredica'' by Finnish botanist William Nylander in 1872. In 1982, Hildur Krog transferred it to the subgenus In bio ...

'' have pseudocyphellae in the upper surface of the thallus, and the medulla is C+ red.

Lichen checklists containing ''Flavoparmelia baltimorensis''

*A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University

Gallery

Image:Flavoparmelia_baltimorensis_(EU).jpg, ''Flavoparmelia baltimorensis''

References

*Recent Literature on Lichens and Mattick's Literature Search

*USDA Plants Database (''Flavoparmelia baltimorensis'')

*Index Fungorum (''Flavoparmelia baltimorensis'')

*Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, 795 pages

*Hale, M.E., Jr. 1986. ''Flavoparmelia'', a new genus in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina). - Mycotaxon 25: 603-605. *Stephen Sharnoff's lichen images

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5458182 Parmeliaceae Lichen species Lichens described in 1931 Lichens of North America Taxa named by Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik