The flammulated bamboo tyrant (''Hemitriccus flammulatus''), also called flammulated pygmy-tyrantClements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 23, 2024, is a species of

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...

in the family

Tyrannidae The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) comprise a Family (biology), family of passerine birds which is found virtually throughout North America, North and South America. It is the world's largest family of birds, with more than 400 species, and is ...

, the

tyrant flycatcher The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) comprise a family of passerine birds which is found virtually throughout North and South America. It is the world's largest family of birds, with more than 400 species, and is the most diverse avian family i ...

s. It is found in

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

, and

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

Taxonomy and systematics

The flammulated bamboo tyrant has two subspecies, the

nominate Nomination is part of the process of selecting a candidate for either election to a public office, or the bestowing of an honor or award. A collection of nominees narrowed from the full list of candidates is a short list. Political office In th ...

''H. f. flammulatus'' ( Berlepsch, 1901) and ''H. f. olivacens'' (

Todd Todd or Todds may refer to: Places Australia * Todd River, an ephemeral river United States * Todd Valley, California, also known as Todd, an unincorporated community * Todd, Missouri, a ghost town * Todd, North Carolina, an unincorporated c ...

, 1915). Some early to mid-twentieth century authors considered the flammulated bamboo tyrant to be a subspecies of the drab-breasted bamboo tyrant (''H. diops'') but since at least 1966 most systems have recognized them as separate species. They and the brown-breasted bamboo tyrant (''H. obsoletus'') form a

superspecies In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved November 26, 2024

Description

The brown-breasted bamboo tyrant is about long and weighs . The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a plain olive green crown. They have a pale gray spot above the lores and a pale gray

eye-ring The eye-ring of a bird is a ring of tiny feathers that surrounds the orbital ring, a ring of bare skin immediately surrounding a bird's eye. The eye-ring is often decorative, and its colour may contrast with adjoining plumage. The ring of feather ...

on an otherwise olive green face. Their back and rump are olive green. Their wings are a slightly duskier olive green than their back with olive edges on the flight feathers. Their tail's upper side is olive and its underside duskier. Their throat is dull brownish gray with very faint darker streaks. Their breast is a darker brownish gray, also with very faint darker streaks, and it becomes white on the belly. Subspecies ''H. f. olivacens'' has a more yellowish crown, back, rump, flanks, and crissum than the nominate. Both subspecies have a reddish brown iris, a blackish

maxilla In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxil ...

, a pale gray

mandible In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin ''mandibula'', 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla). The jawbone i ...

, and bluish gray legs and feet.Lebbin, D. J. (2020). Flammulated Pygmy-Tyrant (''Hemitriccus flammulatus''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.flapyt1.01 retrieved January 19, 2025

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of the flammulated bamboo tyrant is found in eastern Peru between San Martín and Madre de Dios departments, east into far western Brazil's

Acre The acre ( ) is a Unit of measurement, unit of land area used in the Imperial units, British imperial and the United States customary units#Area, United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one Chain (unit), ch ...

and

Rondônia Rondônia () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre (state), Acre in the west, Amazonas, Brazil, Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bo ...

states, and south and east into northern Bolivia to Beni and

Cochabamba Cochabamba (; ) is a city and municipality in central Bolivia in a valley in the Andes mountain range. It is the capital (political), capital of the Cochabamba Department and the list of cities in Bolivia, fourth largest city in Bolivia, with ...

departments. In Rondônia and Cochabamba it is found along the Guapore (Mequéns) River that forms the border between them. Subspecies ''H. f. olivacens'' is found along the

Surutú River The Surutú River is a river in the Santa Cruz Department in Bolivia. See also *List of rivers of Bolivia This is a list of rivers in Bolivia. By drainage basin This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under ...

in the western part of

Santa Cruz Department Santa Cruz () is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of , it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the ...

in eastern Bolivia. The flammulated bamboo tyrant inhabits '' terra firme'' forest where it almost exclusively associates with stands of ''

Guadua ''Guadua'' is a Neotropical genus of thorny, clumping bamboo in the grass family, ranging from moderate to very large species. Physically, '' Guadua angustifolia'' is noted for being the largest Neotropical bamboo. The genus is similar to ''Bam ...

'' bamboo. In elevation it mostly occurs below but is known as high as . In Amazonian Peru it is found up to . At the far northern part of its range in San Martín it occurs in dry forest between about .

Behavior

Movement

The flammulated bamboo tyrant is a year-round resident.

Feeding

The flammulated bamboo tyrant feeds on

arthropod Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...

s. It typically forages singly or in pairs and seldom joins

mixed-species feeding flock A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging. These ar ...

s. It feeds mostly in undergrowth, using short upward strikes to the underside of leaves from a perch.

Breeding

The flammulated bamboo tyrant's breeding season has not been defined overall but is from August to November in southeastern Peru. Its nest and breeding biology have not been described but are believed to be similar to those of the brown-breasted bamboo tyrant, which see

here Here may refer to: Music * ''Here'' (Adrian Belew album), 1994 * ''Here'' (Alicia Keys album), 2016 * ''Here'' (Cal Tjader album), 1979 * ''Here'' (Edward Sharpe album), 2012 * ''Here'' (Idina Menzel album), 2004 * ''Here'' (Merzbow album), ...

Vocal and non-vocal sounds

The flammulated bamboo tyrant's song is "a popping, slightly descending series of low, stuttered notes: ''pip'ip'ip-pip'ip'' or a shorter series ''pip'ip''". Its calls include "''pip'' notes given singly or in loose series". Its wings make an audible whirr in flight.

Status

The

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status ...

has assessed the flammulated bamboo tyrant as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered widespread but uncommon in Peru. It occurs in several large protected areas in Peru and Bolivia.

References

External links

Flammulated bamboo tyrant photo gallery
VIREO] {{Taxonbar, from=Q1273711 Hemitriccus Birds of Peruvian Amazonia Birds of the Bolivian Amazon Birds described in 1901 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot