''Flabellina'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

sea slug Sea slug is a common name for some Marine biology, marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial Slug, slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are gastropods, i.e. they are Sea snail, sea snails (marine gastropod moll ...

s, specifically aeolid

nudibranch Nudibranchs () are a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs, belonging to the order Nudibranchia, that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have b ...

s. These animals are marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Flabellinidae Flabellinidae is a taxonomic family of brightly coloured sea slugs, specifically nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks. This family has no subfamilies. Genera and species Genera within the family Flabellinidae include:Bouchet, P. (2011)Flabel ...

Taxonomic history

The genus ''Flabellina'' was established by

John Edward Gray John Edward Gray (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The same is used for a z ...

in 1833 with the type species ''Flabellina affinis'' and characterised by the

cerata :''The tortrix moth genus ''Cerata'' is considered a junior synonym of ''Cydia (genus), Cydia. Cerata, singular ceras, are anatomical structures found externally in nudibranch sea slugs, especially in aeolid nudibranchs, marine animal, marine opi ...

being arranged on peduncles and the

rhinophore A rhinophore is one of a pair of Chemoreceptor, chemosensory club-shaped, rod-shaped or ear-like structures which are the most prominent part of the external head anatomy in sea slugs, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod opisthobranch mollusks suc ...

s being annulate. Many species were added by subsequent authors. In 1981 the genus '' Coryphella'' was merged under the older name ''Flabellina'' as despite a large range of morphological characters in the 64 species of Flabellinidae and

Coryphellidae ''Coryphella'' is a genus of sea slugs, specifically aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs. It is the only genus in the family Coryphellidae. Taxonomy ''Coryphella'' was originally described in an 1850 paper, and included three origin ...

known at that time, no clear distinction could be found to separate the species into the two genera. In 2017 an integrative study of the 71 species then considered to be included in ''Flabellina'' redistributed the species into seven families and 26 genera.

Species

Species currently included in this genus are: * ''

Flabellina affinis ''Flabellina affinis'' is a species of sea slug within the clade of aeolid nudibranch; a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Flabellinidae. Distribution This species is found in depths to 50 m in European waters in the Atlantic Ocean from P ...

'' (

Gmelin Gmelin may refer to: * Karl Christian Gmelin, Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis, Alsatica et confinium regionum cis- et transrhenania'' (1806) * Charles Gmelin (1872–1950), British Olympic athlete * ...

, 1791) * '' Flabellina alternata'' Ortea & Espinosa, 1998 * '' Flabellina bulbosa'' Ortea & Espinosa, 1998 * '' Flabellina dana'' Millen & Hamann, 2006 * '' Flabellina dushia'' (

Ev. Marcus Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus (6 October 1901 – 31 January 1990) was a German zoologist and drawer. Life Eveline Du Bois-Reymond was the youngest daughter of Rene and Frieda du Bois-Reymond, as well as a granddaughter of physiologist Emil Du B ...

Er. Marcus Ernst Gustav Gotthelf Marcus (8 June 1893 – 30 June 1968) was a German zoologist, occupant of the chair of zoology at the University of São Paulo from 1936 to 1963, and co-founder of the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo ...

, 1963) * '' Flabellina engeli'' Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1968 ** '' Flabellina engeli lucianae'' Dacosta, Cunha, Simone & Schrödl, 2007 * '' Flabellina evelinae'' Edmunds, 1989 * '' Flabellina ilidioi'' Calado, Ortea & Caballer, 2005 * '' Flabellina llerae'' Ortea, 1989 ; Synonymized species: * '' Flabellina albomaculata'' Pola, Carmona, Calado & Cervera, 2014: synonym of '' Edmundsella albomaculata'' (Pola, Carmona, Calado & Cervera, 2014) * '' Flabellina albomarginata'' (M. C. Miller, 1971): synonym of '' Coryphellina albomarginata'' (M. C. Miller, 1971) * ''Flabellina alisonae'' Gosliner, 1980: synonym of '' Flabellina bicolor'' ( Kelaart, 1858) * '' Flabellina arveloi'' Ortea & Espinosa, 1998: synonym of '' Coryphellina arveloi'' (Ortea & Espinosa, 1998) * '' Flabellina athadona'' (

Bergh Bergh is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Gelderland. The municipality included the villages of 's-Heerenberg, Zeddam, and Stokkum. In 2005, it merged with Didam to form the new municipality of Montferland Montferland () i ...

, 1875): synonym of '' Occidenthella athadona'' (Bergh, 1875) * '' Flabellina babai'' Schmekel, 1972: synonym of '' Luisella babai'' (Schmekel, 1972) * '' Flabellina baetica'' Garcia-Gomez, 1984: synonym of '' Baenopsis baetica'' (Garcia-Gomez, 1984) * '' Flabellina bertschi'' Gosliner & Kuzirian, 1990: synonym of '' Edmundsella bertschi'' (Gosliner & Kuzirian, 1990) * '' Flabellina bicolor'' (Kelaart, 1858): synonym of ''

Samla bicolor ''Samla bicolor'' is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine heterobranch mollusc in the family Samlidae.Rosenberg, G. (2015)''Flabellina bicolor'' (Kelaart, 1858).In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Mari ...

'' (Kelaart, 1858) * '' Flabellina bilas'' Gosliner & Willan, 1991:Gosliner T. M. & Willan R. C. (1991). "Review of the Flabellinidae (Nudibranchia: Aeolidacea) from the tropical Indo-Pacific, with the descriptions of five new species". ''The Veliger'' 34(2)
97
133
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synonym of '' Samla bilas'' (Gosliner & Willan, 1991) * '' Flabellina californica'' (Bergh, 1904): synonym of '' Coryphella californica'' Bergh, 1904 * '' Flabellina cerverai'' Fischer, van der Velde & Roubos, 2007: synonym of '' Coryphellina cerverai'' (Fischer, van der Velde & Roubos, 2007) * '' Flabellina confusa'' Gonzalez-Duarte, Cervera & Poddubetskaia, 2008: synonym of '' Calmella gaditana'' (Cervera, García-Gomez & García, 1987) * '' Flabellina cooperi'' (

Cockerell Cockerell is a surname, and may refer to: People * Allan Cockerell (1891–1975), New Zealand soldier and politician * Catherine Cockerell Cobb (1903–1995), British jeweler, silversmith, daughter of Douglas *Charles Robert Cockerell (1788–1863 ...

, 1901) synonym of '' Orienthella cooperi'' (Cockerell, 1901) * '' Flabellina cynara'' (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963): synonym of '' Kynaria cynara'' (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967) * '' Flabellina delicata'' Gosliner & Willan, 1991: synonym of '' Coryphellina delicata'' (Gosliner & Willan, 1991) * '' Flabellina exoptata'' Gosliner & Willan, 1991: synonym of ''

Coryphellina exoptata ''Coryphellina exoptata'', which can be translated as the much-desired flabellina or desirable flabellina, common name “Cole’s nudibranch”, is a species of colourful sea slug, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Flabellinidae.Rudman, ...

'' (Gosliner & Willan, 1991) * '' Flabellina falklandica'' (

Eliot Elliot (also spelled Eliot, Elliotte, Elliott, Eliott and Elyot) is a personal name which can serve as either a surname or a given name. Although the given name has historically been given to males, females have increasingly been given the name ...

, 1907): synonym of '' Itaxia falklandica'' (Eliot, 1907) * '' Flabellina funeka'' Gosliner & Griffiths, 1981: synonym of '' Paraflabellina funeka'' (Gosliner & Griffiths, 1981) * ''Flabellina fusca'' (

O'Donoghue Donoghue or O'Donoghue is an anglicised form of the Irish language surname Ó Donnchadha or Ó Donnchú. Etymology The name means "descendant of Donnchadh", a personal name composed of the elements ''donn'' "brown-haired an and ''cath'' "batt ...

, 1921): synonym of '' Flabellina trophina'' (Bergh, 1890) * '' Flabellina goddardi'' Gosliner, 2010: synonym of ''

Pacifia goddardi ''Pacifia goddardi'' is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Unidentiidae. This species was recently discovered by Jeff Goddard, and named by his friend, Terry Gosliner. It was found while searchi ...

'' (Gosliner, 2010) * '' Flabellina hamanni'' Gosliner, 1994: synonym of '' Coryphellina hamanni'' (Gosliner, 1994) * ''Flabellina ianthina'' Angas, 1864: synonym of ''

Pteraeolidia ianthina ''Pteraeolidia ianthina'' is a sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch in the family Facelinidae.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families''. Mala ...

'' (Angas, 1864) * ''Flabellina inornata'' A. Costa, 1866: synonym of '' Spurilla neapolitana'' (

Delle Chiaje Stefano Delle Chiaje (25 April 1794 – 18 December 1860) was an Italian zoologist, botanist, anatomist and physician. Delle Chiaje studied medicine in Naples, where he was a pupil of Giuseppe Saverio Poli. Together they started compiling books ...

, 1841) * '' Flabellina insolita'' Garcia-Gomez & Cervera, 1989: synonym of '' Fjordia insolita'' (Garcia-Gomez & Cervera, 1989) * '' Flabellina iodinea'' ( J. G. Cooper, 1863): synonym of ''

Flabellinopsis iodinea ''Flabellinopsis iodinea'', the Spanish shawl, is a species of aeolid nudibranch, a very colorful sea slug. This is a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Flabellinidae. Distribution This species is native to the west coast of North America ...

'' (J. G. Cooper, 1863) * '' Flabellina ischitana'' Hirano & Thompson, 1990: synonym of ''

Paraflabellina ischitana ''Paraflabellina ischitana'' is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Flabellinidae. Etymology The name ''ischitana'' means from Ischia, the island from where this nudibranch was first named. D ...

'' (Hirano & Thompson, 1990) * '' Flabellina islandica'' ( Odhner, 1937): synonym of '' Paracoryphella islandica'' (Odhner, 1937) * '' Flabellina japonica'' (Volodchenko, 1937): synonym of '' Ziminella japonica'' (Volodchenko, 1937) * '' Flabellina macassarana'' Bergh, 1905: synonym of '' Samla macassarana'' (Bergh, 1905) * '' Flabellina marcusorum'' Gosliner & Kuzirian, 1990: synonym of '' Coryphellina marcusorum'' (Gosliner & Kuzirian, 1990) * ''Flabellina newcombi'' Angas, 1864: synonym of '' Facelina newcombi'' (Angas, 1864) * ''Flabellina ornata'' Angas, 1864: synonym of '' Austraeolis ornata'' (Angas, 1864) * '' Flabellina pallida'' (A. E. Verrill, 1900): synonym of '' Coryphella pallida'' A. E. Verrill, 1900 * '' Flabellina parva'' (Hadfield, 1963): synonym of '' Paracoryphella parva'' (Hadfield, 1963) * '' Flabellina pedata'' ( Montagu, 1815): synonym of ''

Edmundsella pedata ''Edmundsella pedata'' is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Flabellinidae. Description This species has a distinctive pink-purple coloration over its entire body. In the Mediterranean it can g ...

'' (Montagu, 1816) * '' Flabellina pellucida'' (

Alder Alders are trees of the genus ''Alnus'' in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species ex ...

Hancock Hancock may refer to: Places Places in the United States * Hancock, Iowa * Hancock, Maine * Hancock, Maryland * Hancock, Massachusetts * Hancock, Michigan * Hancock, Minnesota * Hancock, Missouri * Hancock, New Hampshire ** Hancock (CDP), New H ...

, 1843): synonym of '' Carronella pellucida'' (Alder & Hancock, 1843) * '' Flabellina poenicia'' (Burn, 1957): synonym of '' Coryphellina poenicia'' (Burn, 1957) * '' Flabellina polaris'' Volodchenko, 1946: synonym of '' Polaria polaris'' (Volodchenko, 1946) * '' Flabellina pricei'' (

MacFarland MacFarland is a surname, and may refer to: *Frank Mace MacFarland (1869–1951), American malacologist * Jean L. MacFarland, Canadian judge * Karla Patricia Ruiz MacFarland, Mexican politician, 28th mayor of Tijuana * Sean MacFarland, American gene ...

, 1966): synonym of '' Apata pricei'' (MacFarland, 1966) * '' Flabellina riwo'' Gosliner & Willan, 1991: synonym of '' Samla riwo'' Gosliner & Willan, 1991 * '' Flabellina rubrolineata'' (O'Donoghue, 1929): synonym of '' Coryphellina rubrolineata'' O'Donoghue, 1929 * ''Flabellina rubromaxilla'' Edmunds, 2015: synonym of '' Paraflabellina rubromaxilla'' (Edmunds, 2015) * '' Flabellina rubropurpurata'' Gosliner & Willan, 1991: synonym of '' Samla rubropurpurata'' (Gosliner & Willan, 1991) * '' Flabellina salmonacea'' (

Couthouy Joseph Pitty Couthouy (6 January 1808 – 4 April 1864) was an American naval officer, conchologist, and invertebrate palaeontologist. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, he entered the Boston Latin School in 1820. He married Mary Greenwood Wild ...

, 1838): synonym of '' Ziminella salmonacea'' (Couthouy, 1838) * ''Flabellina scolopendrella'' Risbec, 1928: synonym of ''

'' (Angas, 1864) * ''Flabellina semperi'' Bergh, 1870: synonym of ''

'' (Angas, 1864) * ''Flabellina stohleri'' Bertsch & Ferreira, 1974: synonym of '' Flabellina telja'' Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967 * '' Flabellina telja'' Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967: synonym of '' Samla telja'' (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967) * '' Flabellina trilineata'' (O'Donoghue, 1921): synonym of '' Orienthella trilineata'' (O'Donoghue, 1921) * ''Flabellina trophina'' (Bergh, 1890): synonym of '' Himatina trophina'' (Bergh, 1890) * '' Flabellina vansyoci'' Gosliner, 1994: synonym of '' Edmundsella vansyoci'' (Gosliner, 1994) * ''Flabellina verrucicornis'' A. Costa, 1867: synonym of '' Berghia verrucicornis'' (A. Costa, 1867) * ''Flabellina versicolor'' Costa A., 1866: synonym of '' Favorinus branchialis'' (Rathke, 1806) * '' Flabellina verta'' (Ev. Marcus, 1970): synonym of '' Coryphella verta'' Ev. Marcus, 1970

References

ICZN. (1966). Opinion 781. Flabellina Voigt, 1834 (Gastropoda): Placed on the Official List of Generic Names. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 23 (2-3): 104-105
* Vaught, K.C. (1989).'' A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp * Petit, R. E. & Coan., E. V. 2008. ''The molluscan taxa made available in the Griffith & Pidgeon (1833-1834) edition of Cuvier, with notes on the editions of Cuvier and on Wood's Index Testaceologicus''. Malacologia 50: 219-264 page(s): 222 {{Authority control Flabellinidae Gastropod genera Taxa named by John Edward Gray