A fish sting is an injury which may include

envenomation Envenomation is the process by which venom is injected by the bite or sting of a venomous animal. Many kinds of animals, including mammals (e.g., the northern short-tailed shrew, ''Blarina brevicauda''), reptiles (e.g., many snakes), spiders, i ...

and mechanical trauma. There are a number of species of

venomous fish Venomous fish are species of fish which produce strong mixtures of toxins harmful to humans (called venom) which they deliberately deliver by means of a bite, sting, or stab, resulting in an envenomation. As a contrast, poisonous fish also pr ...

including the

stonefish ''Synanceia'' is a genus of Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae, the stonefish, which is Taxonomy (biology), classified within the Family (biology), family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfish and relatives. Stone ...

. Stonefish sting lethality in man has been scarcely documented since the middle of the 20th century. We report three clinical cases, including one fatality, emphasizing the cardiovascular toxicity of the Synanceia verrucosa venom, and its potentially lethal effects. All clinical data have been recently collected in New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Due to the medical significance of the venom, there is a notable lack of research on stonefish ichthyocrinotoxins. Future research should investigate the toxins role in predator defence, parasite prevention, and mitigating epibiosis. Further inquiry into stonefish toxins would expand ecological insights and may reveal therapeutic and industrial potential

Antivenom Antivenom, also known as antivenin, venom antiserum, and antivenom immunoglobulin, is a specific treatment for envenomation. It is composed of antibodies and used to treat certain venomous bites and stings. Antivenoms are recommended only if ...

is available for stonefish stings.

Weeverfish sting

Weeverfish are colorful marine animals which grow up to 1.5 feet in length. They are found in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and are mostly buried in sand or mud. They can cause serious wounds due to the presence of

neurotoxin Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nervous tissue, nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insult (medical), insultsSpencer 2000 that can adversely affect function ...

venom, which can lead to paralysis, seizures or even death. Immediate medical attention is recommended in case of a weeverfish sting.

References

Toxicology Fish attacks {{med-toxic-stub

Weeverfish sting

See also

References