Fiorentino (

Romagnol Romagnol ( or ; ) is a Romance language spoken in the historical region of Romagna, consisting mainly of the southeastern part of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The name is derived from the Lombard name for the region, ''Romagna''. Romagnol is classifi ...

: ''Fiurentêin'') is one of the nine castelli of

San Marino San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, is a landlocked country in Southern Europe, completely surrounded by Italy. Located on the northeastern slopes of the Apennine Mountains, it is the larger of two European microstates, microsta ...

. It occupies an area of and is the fourth smallest castello in the country by land area. As of 2023, it had a population of 2,615 inhabitants.

History

The territory of San Marino consisted only of Mount Titano until 1463. The nation became part of an alliance against

Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (19 June 1417 – 7 October 1468) was an Italian condottiero and nobleman, a member of the House of Malatesta and lord of Rimini and Fano from 1432. He was widely considered by his contemporaries as one of the mos ...

, the Lord of

Rimini Rimini ( , ; or ; ) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. Sprawling along the Adriatic Sea, Rimini is situated at a strategically-important north-south passage along the coast at the southern tip of the Po Valley. It is ...

, who was defeated. The

Pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

Pius II gifted the towns of Fiorentino, Montegiardino, and Serravalle to San Marino as a reward for being part of the alliance. Later, Faetano voluntarily joined the country, and the boundaries have remained the same ever since. Once the war was over, the people of San Marino razed the castle of Fiorentino to prevent it from falling into enemy hands in the future, and the castle remains in ruins atop Mount Seghizo. Apart from the main castle, there were other towers and castles and region, because of which Fiorentino is also called the "Land of Castles". The Tower of Torricella was located on Monte San Cristoforo and was demolished in 1465 while the Pennarossa Castle was located on Mount Moganzio, of which remain the foundations and cisterns remain. The

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

of Fiorentino consists of three red roses on a yellow shield.

Geography

The country of San Marino is divided into nine

municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

(castelli) for administration. With a land area of , Fiorentino is the fourth smallest castello in the country by area. The region had a population of 2,548 inhabitants in 2018, which slightly increased to 2,615 in September 2023. It borders the San Marino municipalities

Chiesanuova Chiesanuova (; ) is one of the nine of San Marino. It has a population of 1,143 inhabitants (May 2018) in an area of 5.46 km2. The castello is governed by a Captain and a seven-member Junta, with Marino Rosti serving as Captain since 20 ...

Borgo Maggiore Borgo Maggiore (; ; ) is one of the nine of San Marino. It lies at the foot of Monte Titano and has a population of 6,871 (May 2018), making it the second largest town of San Marino after Dogana. History The area was previously called ''Mer ...

, Faetano, and Montegiardino and the Italian municipalities

Monte Grimano Monte Grimano Terme is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about northwest of Ancona and about west of Pesaro. Until 2002, it was known as Monte Grimano. Monte Grimaro Terme border ...

and Sassofeltrio. Fiorentino is sub-divided into three

curazia The Republic of San Marino comprises nine () as its first-level administrative divisions. Each castle is led by a castle captain () and a castle council (), elected every five years. Like Italian , each has a capital (), with other population ...

amongst the 44 secondary sub-divisions of the country. These include Capanne, Crociale, and Pianacci. Fiorentino is one of the most urbanized castillo with businesses and upscale housing. The Federico Crescentini sports field, the country's second largest sports facility, is located in the region. It is also home to the soccer clubs S.P. Tre Fiori and F.C. Fiorentino.

References

External links

{{Coord, 43, 54, 38, N, 12, 27, 20, E, display=title, region:SM_type:city_source:dewiki Subdivisions of San Marino