''Filimanus'' is a genus of marine

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

es,

threadfin Threadfins are silvery grey fish of the family Polynemidae, taxonomically considered a type of flatfish. Found in tropical to subtropical waters throughout the world, the threadfin family contains eight genera and about 40 species. An unrelated s ...

s from the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Polynemidae.

Features

The fishes of the

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

''Filimanus'' have a body which is oblong to moderately deep and compressed. They have a well developed adipose eyelid and the diameter of the eye is longer than the length of the snout. They have a well developed lip on their lower jaws and the teeth on the

dentary bone In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin ''mandibula'', 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla). The jawbone i ...

are restricted to its dorsal surface. There are narrow bands of villiform teeth on their jaws,

palatine bone In anatomy, the palatine bones (; derived from the Latin ''palatum'') are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species, located above the uvula in the throat. Together with the maxilla, they comprise the hard palate. Stru ...

and ectopterygoids. The rear joint of the mouth extends past the level of rear margin of the adipose eyelid. The rear margin of the gill cover is serrated. They have two

dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates. Dorsal fins have evolved independently several times through convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found ...

s with the first dorsal fin having 8 spines and the second dorsal fin has a single spine and 11 to 13 soft rays while the

anal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported o ...

has 3 spines and 10 to 15 soft rays. The base of the anal fin is shorter than the length of the head. The

pectoral fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish aquatic locomotion, swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the vertebral column ...

contains 13 to 16 unbranched rays and it is placed below the midline of body. The

caudal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported only ...

is deeply forked but its lobes do not have filaments.

Distribution and habitat

''Filimanus'' species are found in the Indian and western Pacific Ocean, where they are found in waters of depths of in depth over sandy and muddy substrates, often found in estuaries.

Species

The following species are classified as within the genus ''Filimanus'': * '' Filimanus heptadactyla'' (

Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier (; ), was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuv ...

, 1829) (Sevenfinger threadfin) * '' Filimanus hexanema'' (

1829) (Javanese threadfin) * ''

Filimanus perplexa ''Filimanus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, threadfins from the Family (biology), family Polynemidae. Features The fishes of the genus ''Filimanus'' have a body which is oblong to moderately deep and compressed. They have a well develo ...

'' Feltes 1991 (Splendid threadfin) * '' Filimanus sealei'' (

Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...

& Richardson, 1910) (Eightfinger threadfin) * '' Filimanus similis'' Feltes 1991 (Indian sevenfinger threadfin) * '' Filimanus xanthonema'' (

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...

, 1831) (Yellowthread threadfin)

Type species

''Filimanus'' was described as new genus by George S. Myers in 1936 with its only species being based on a single

specimen Specimen may refer to: Science and technology * Sample (material), a limited quantity of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount * Biological specimen or biospecimen, an organic specimen held by a biorepository f ...

which he identified as '' Polynemus melanochir'' but which was subsequently found to be a misidentification and ''P. melanochir'' is a valid species now classified in the genus '' Polydactylus'' which meant that Myers specimen remained undescribed. Subsequently Ross M. Feltes described it as ''Filimanus perplexa'' and added 5 other species to this new genus. Opinion 1761 of the

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals". Founded in 1895, it currently comprises 26 commissioners from 20 countries. Orga ...

confirmed ''F. perplexa'' as the

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

of Myers's genus.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2472265 Polynemidae Taxa named by George S. Myers Ray-finned fish genera