The 51st United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the

United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...

and the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...

. It met in

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...

, from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of

Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833March 13, 1901) was the 23rd president of the United States, serving from 1889 to 1893. He was a member of the Harrison family of Virginia—a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, and a ...

presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified b ...

. The apportionment of seats in this

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...

was based on the

1880 United States census The 1880 United States census, conducted by the Census Office during June 1880, was the tenth United States census.Republicans Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

maintained their majority in the Senate, and won the majority in the House. With Benjamin Harrison being sworn in as president on March 4, 1889, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government

trifecta Trifecta A trifecta is a parimutuel bet placed on a horse race in which the bettor must predict which horses will finish first, second, and third, in the exact order. Known as a trifecta in the US and Australia, this is known as a tricast in ...

for the first time since the 43rd Congress in 1873–1875.

Major events

* March 4, 1889:

became

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...

* December 29, 1890:

Wounded Knee Massacre The Wounded Knee Massacre, also known as the Battle of Wounded Knee, involved nearly three hundred Lakota people killed by soldiers of the United States Army. More than 250 people of the Lakota were killed and 51 wounded (4 men and 47 women a ...

Major legislation

It was responsible for a number of pieces of landmark legislation, many of which asserted the authority of the

federal government A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a political union, union of partially federated state, self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a #Federal governments, federal government (federalism) ...

. Emboldened by their success in the elections of 1888, the Republicans enacted virtually their entire platform during their first 303-day session, including a measure that provided

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...

veterans with generous pensions and expanded the list of eligible recipients to include noncombatants and the children of veterans.

Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, serving from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. He was the first U.S. president to serve nonconsecutive terms and the first Hist ...

had vetoed a similar bill in 1887. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending and, for this reason it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892. Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the

McKinley tariff The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed by then-Representative William McKinley, that became law on October 1, 1890. The tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost 50% ...

, authored by Representative, and future President,

William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until Assassination of William McKinley, his assassination in 1901. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Repub ...

; the

Sherman Antitrust Act The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (, ) is a United States antitrust law which prescribes the rule of free competition among those engaged in commerce and consequently prohibits unfair monopolies. It was passed by Congress and is named for S ...

, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the

Sherman Silver Purchase Act The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was a United States federal law enacted on July 14, 1890, which increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase on a recurrent monthly basis to 4.5 million ounces, roughly the entirety of the ...

, which required the U.S. government to mint

silver Silver is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ag () and atomic number 47. A soft, whitish-gray, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. ...

. The last two were concessions to Western farmer interests in exchange for support of the tariff and would become central tenets of the Populist Party later in the decade. They were authored by Senator

John Sherman John Sherman (May 10, 1823October 22, 1900) was an American politician from Ohio who served in federal office throughout the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. A member of the Republican Party, he served in both houses of the U. ...

. The Fifty-first Congress was also responsible for passing the

Land Revision Act of 1891 The General Revision Act (sometimes Land Revision Act) of 1891, also known as the Forest Reserve Act of 1891, was a federal law signed in 1891 by President Benjamin Harrison. The Act reversed previous policy initiatives, such as the Timber Cultu ...

, which created the

national forests National Forest may refer to: * National forest or state forest, a forest administered or protected by a sovereign state ** National forest (Brazil) ** National forest (France) ** National forest (United States) ** State Forests (Poland) ** The N ...

. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in

Yellowstone Yellowstone National Park is a List of national parks of the United States, national park of the United States located in the northwest corner of Wyoming, with small portions extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U ...

Wyoming Wyoming ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States, Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho t ...

, the same year. Other bills were discussed but failed to pass, including two significant pieces of legislation focused on ensuring African Americans the right to vote.

Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850November 9, 1924) was an American politician, historian, lawyer, and statesman from Massachusetts. A member of the History of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he served in the United States ...

States admitted and territories organized

* November 2, 1889:

North Dakota North Dakota ( ) is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota people, Dakota and Sioux peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minneso ...

and

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state, state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Dakota people, Dakota Sioux ...

were admitted as the 39th and 40th states. * November 8, 1889:

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

was admitted as the 41st state. * November 11, 1889:

Washington Washington most commonly refers to: * George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States * Washington (state), a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A ...

was admitted as the 42nd state. * May 2, 1890:

Oklahoma Territory The Territory of Oklahoma was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 2, 1890, until November 16, 1907, when it was joined with the Indian Territory under a new constitution and admitted to the Union as ...

was organized. * July 3, 1890:

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

was admitted as the 43rd state. * July 10, 1890:

was admitted as the 44th state.

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their senators and representatives were elected throughout the Congress.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Levi Morton - Brady-Handy portrait - standard crop

Senate

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

Levi P. Morton Levi Parsons Morton (May 16, 1824 – May 16, 1920) was the 22nd vice president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He also served as List of ambassadors of the United States to France, United States ambassador to France, as a United States H ...

(R) * President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls (R), elected March 7, 1889 **

Charles F. Manderson Charles Frederick Manderson (February 9, 1837September 28, 1911) was a United States senator from Nebraska from 1883 to 1895. Biography Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he attended school there and then moved to Canton, Ohio, in 1856, where h ...

(R), elected March 2, 1891 *

Republican Conference Chairman The Senate Republican Conference is the formal organization of the Republican senators in the United States Senate. Over the last century, the mission of the conference has expanded and been shaped as a means of informing the media of the opin ...

George F. Edmunds George Franklin Edmunds (February 1, 1828February 27, 1919) was an American attorney and Republican politician who represented the state of Vermont in the United States Senate from 1866 to 1891. He was a candidate for the Republican president ...

* Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck, until May 3, 1890 ** Arthur P. Gorman, afterwards

House of Representatives

Speaker Speaker most commonly refers to: * Speaker, a person who produces speech * Loudspeaker, a device that produces sound ** Computer speakers Speaker, Speakers, or The Speaker may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * "Speaker" (song), by David ...

: Thomas B. Reed (R) *

: Thomas J. Henderson * Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman:

James T. Jones James Taylor Jones (July 20, 1832 – February 15, 1895) was a U.S. Representative from Alabama. Biography Born in Richmond, Virginia, Jones moved with his family to Marengo County, Alabama, in 1834. He pursued classical studies and gra ...

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. :'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

: 2. John T. Morgan (D) : 3.

James L. Pugh James Lawrence Pugh (December 12, 1820March 9, 1907) was an American politician and attorney who was a U.S. senator from Alabama from 1880 to 1897, as well as a member of the Confederate Congress during the American Civil War. Biography Pugh ...

(D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the West South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma ...

: 2. James H. Berry (D) : 3. James K. Jones (D)

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

: 1.

George Hearst George Hearst (September 3, 1820 – February 28, 1891) was an American businessman, politician, and patriarch of the Hearst family, Hearst business dynasty. After growing up on a small farm in Missouri, he founded many mining operations a ...

(D), until February 28, 1891 : 3.

Leland Stanford Amasa Leland Stanford (March 9, 1824June 21, 1893) was an American attorney, industrialist, philanthropist, and Republican Party (United States), Republican Party politician from Watervliet, New York. He served as the eighth governor of Calif ...

(R)

Colorado Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...

: 2. Edward O. Wolcott (R) : 3. Henry M. Teller (R)

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

: 1. Joseph R. Hawley (R) : 3. Orville H. Platt (R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

: 1. George Gray (D) : 2. Anthony Higgins (R)

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

: 1.

Samuel Pasco Samuel Pasco (June 28, 1834March 13, 1917) was an American politician and Confederate soldier who served as a U.S. Senator from Florida. He is the only Confederate private ever elected to the U.S. Senate. Biography Pasco was born in London, Engl ...

(D) : 3.

Wilkinson Call Wilkinson Call (January 9, 1834August 24, 1910) was an American lawyer and politician who represented Florida in the United States Senate from 1879 to 1897. Biography Wilkinson Call, nephew of Territorial Governor of Florida Richard K. Call an ...

(D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

: 2. Alfred H. Colquitt (D) : 3. Joseph E. Brown (D)

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

: 2. George L. Shoup (R), from December 18, 1890 : 3. William J. McConnell (R), from December 18, 1890

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

: 2. Shelby M. Cullom (R) : 3. Charles B. Farwell (R)

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

: 1.

David Turpie David Battle Turpie (July 8, 1828 – April 21, 1909) was an American politician who served as a Senator from Indiana from 1887 until 1899; he also served as Chairman of the Senate Democratic Caucus from 1898 to 1899 during the last year of his ...

(D) : 3.

Daniel W. Voorhees Daniel Wolsey Voorhees (September 26, 1827April 10, 1897) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator from Indiana from 1877 to 1897. He was the leader of the Democratic Party and an anti-war Copperhead during ...

(D)

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

: 2.

James F. Wilson James Falconer "Jefferson Jim" Wilson (October 19, 1828April 22, 1895) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as a Republican U.S. Congressman from Iowa's 1st congressional district during the American Civil War, and later as a two- ...

(R) : 3.

William B. Allison William Boyd Allison (March 2, 1829 – August 4, 1908) was an American politician. An early leader of the Iowa Republican Party, he represented northeastern Iowa in the United States House of Representatives before representing his state in t ...

(R)

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

: 2.

Preston B. Plumb Preston B. Plumb (October 12, 1837December 20, 1891) was a United States senator from Kansas, as well as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Biography Born in Delaware County, Ohio, at 9 his family removed to Marysvill ...

(R) : 3. John J. Ingalls (R)

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

: 2. James B. Beck (D), until May 3, 1890 ::

John G. Carlisle John Griffin Carlisle (September 5, 1834July 31, 1910) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician from Kentucky. He represented Kentucky in the United States House of Representatives from 1877 to 1890, serving as the 31st Speake ...

(D), from May 26, 1890 : 3. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

: 2.

Randall L. Gibson Randall Lee Gibson (September 10, 1832 – December 15, 1892) was an American attorney and politician, elected as a United States House of Representatives, member of the House of Representatives and List of United States Senators from Louisi ...

(D) : 3. James B. Eustis (D)

Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...

: 1.

Eugene Hale Eugene Hale (June 9, 1836October 27, 1918) was an American politician who was a Republican Party (United States), Republican United States Senator from Maine. Biography Born in Turner, Maine, he was educated in local schools and at Maine's Hebr ...

(R) : 2. William P. Frye (R)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

: 1. Arthur Pue Gorman (D) : 3. Ephraim K. Wilson II (D), until February 24, 1891

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

: 1. Henry L. Dawes (R) : 2. George F. Hoar (R)

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

: 1.

Francis B. Stockbridge Francis Brown Stockbridge (April 9, 1826April 30, 1894) was a U.S. Senator in the U.S. state, state of Michigan. Biography Stockbridge was born in Bath, Maine, the son of a physician, Dr. John Stockbridge, and attended the common schools there ...

(R) : 2. James McMillan (R)

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

: 1.

Cushman K. Davis Cushman Kellogg Davis (June 16, 1838November 27, 1900) was an American Republican politician who served as the seventh Governor of Minnesota and as a U.S. Senator from Minnesota. Early life and American Civil War Davis was born in Henderson, N ...

(R) : 2. William D. Washburn (R)

Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...

: 1. James Z. George (D) : 2. Edward C. Walthall (D)

Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...

: 1.

Francis Cockrell Francis Marion Cockrell (October 1, 1834December 13, 1915) was a Confederate States Army, Confederate military commander and American politician from the state of Missouri. He served as a United States senator from Missouri for five terms. He ...

(D) : 3. George G. Vest (D)

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

: 1. Wilbur F. Sanders (R), from January 1, 1890 : 2.

Thomas C. Power Thomas Charles Power (May 22, 1839February 16, 1923) was a United States Republican Party, Republican senator from Montana and an American businessman. Early life, education, and career Born near Dubuque, Iowa, on May 22, 1839, Power attended ...

(R), from January 2, 1890

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

: 1. Algernon S. Paddock (R) : 2.

(R)

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

: 1.

William M. Stewart William Morris Stewart (August 9, 1827April 23, 1909) was an American lawyer and politician. In 1964, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Personal Stewart was born in Wayne County, ...

(R) : 3. John P. Jones (R)

New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

: 2. Gilman Marston (R), until June 18, 1889 :: William E. Chandler (R), from June 18, 1889 : 3.

(R)

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

: 1. Rufus Blodgett (D) : 2. John R. McPherson (D)

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

: 1. Frank Hiscock (R) : 3. William M. Evarts (R)

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

: 2. Matt W. Ransom (D) : 3. Zebulon B. Vance (D)

North Dakota North Dakota ( ) is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota people, Dakota and Sioux peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minneso ...

: 1. Lyman R. Casey (R), from November 25, 1889 : 3. Gilbert A. Pierce (R), from November 25, 1889

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

: 1.

(R) : 3. Henry B. Payne (D)

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

: 2.

Joseph N. Dolph Joseph Norton Dolph (October 19, 1835March 10, 1897) was an American politician and attorney in the state of Oregon. A native of the state of New York (state), New York, he immigrated to Oregon over the Oregon Trail and settled in Portland, Oreg ...

(R) : 3.

John H. Mitchell John Hipple Mitchell (born John Mitchell Hipple; June 23, 1835December 8, 1905) was an American lawyer, politician. He served as a United States Republican Party, Republican United States Senate, United States Senator from Oregon on three occasi ...

(R)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

: 1. Matthew S. Quay (R) : 3. J. Donald Cameron (R)

Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...

: 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R) : 2.

Jonathan Chace Jonathan Chace (July 22, 1829June 30, 1917) was a United States representative and United States Senate, Senator from Rhode Island. Biography Born at Fall River, Massachusetts, the son of Harvey Chace and the grandson of Oliver Chace. In 1854, ...

(R), until April 9, 1889 ::

Nathan F. Dixon III Nathan Fellows Dixon III (August 28, 1847November 8, 1897) was a United States representative and Senator from Rhode Island. Early life Dixon was born in Westerly, Rhode Island on August 28, 1847. He attended the local schools and Phillips Aca ...

(R), from April 10, 1889

South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

: 2. Matthew C. Butler (D) : 3.

Wade Hampton III Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818April 11, 1902) was an American politician from South Carolina. He was a prominent member of one of the richest families in the antebellum Southern United States, owning thousands of acres of cotton land in Sout ...

(D)

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state, state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Dakota people, Dakota Sioux ...

: 2. Richard F. Pettigrew (R), from November 2, 1889 : 3. Gideon C. Moody (R), from November 2, 1889

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

: 1.

William B. Bate William Brimage Bate (October 7, 1826March 9, 1905) was a planter and slaveholder, Confederate officer, and politician in Tennessee. After the Reconstruction era, he served as the 23rd governor of Tennessee from 1883 to 1887. He was elected to th ...

(D) : 2. Isham G. Harris (D)

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

: 1.

John H. Reagan John Henninger Reagan (October 8, 1818March 6, 1905) was an American politician from Texas. A Democrat, Reagan resigned from the U.S. House of Representatives when Texas declared secession from the United States and joined the Confederate St ...

(D) : 2.

Richard Coke Richard Coke (March 18, 1829May 14, 1897) was an American lawyer and statesman from Waco, Texas. He was the 15th governor of Texas from 1874 to 1876 and was a US Senator from 1877 to 1895. His governorship is notable for reestablishing local ...

(D)

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

: 1.

(R) : 3.

Justin S. Morrill Justin Smith Morrill (April 14, 1810December 28, 1898) was an American politician and entrepreneur who represented Vermont in the United States House of Representatives (1855–1867) and United States Senate (1867–1898). He is most widely reme ...

(R)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

: 1. John W. Daniel (D) : 2. John S. Barbour Jr. (D)

Washington Washington most commonly refers to: * George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States * Washington (state), a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A ...

: 1. John B. Allen (R), from November 20, 1889 : 3. Watson C. Squire (R), from November 20, 1889

West Virginia West Virginia is a mountainous U.S. state, state in the Southern United States, Southern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.The United States Census Bureau, Census Bureau and the Association of American ...

: 1. Charles J. Faulkner Jr. (D) : 2. John E. Kenna (D)

Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...

: 1.

Philetus Sawyer Philetus Sawyer (September 22, 1816March 29, 1900) was an American businessman, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a United States Senator from Wisconsin for twelve years (1881–1893) and served ten years in the U.S. ...

(R) : 3. John C. Spooner (R)

Wyoming Wyoming ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States, Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho t ...

: 1.

Francis E. Warren Francis Emroy Warren (June 20, 1844November 24, 1929) was an American politician of the Republican Party best known for his years in the United States Senate representing Wyoming and being the first Governor of Wyoming. A soldier in the Union ...

(R), from November 24, 1890 : 2. Joseph M. Carey (R), from November 15, 1890 51st United States Congress Senators

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

: .

Richard H. Clarke Richard Henry Clarke (February 9, 1843 – September 26, 1906) was a politician and U.S. Representative from Alabama. Biography Born in Dayton, Alabama, Clarke attended Green Springs Academy. He graduated from the University of Alabama at Tusc ...

(D) : . Hilary A. Herbert (D) : . William C. Oates (D) : . Louis W. Turpin (D), until June 4, 1890 :: John V. McDuffie (R), from June 4, 1890 : . James E. Cobb (D) : . John H. Bankhead (D) : . William H. Forney (D) : .

Joseph Wheeler Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was a military commander and politician of the Confederate States of America. He was a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil ...

(D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the West South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma ...

: . William H. Cate (D), until March 5, 1890 :: Lewis P. Featherstone (L), from March 5, 1890 : .

Clifton R. Breckinridge Clifton Rodes Breckinridge (November 22, 1846 – December 3, 1932) was an American politician who served as a Democratic Party alderman, U.S. representative, diplomat, and businessman. He also served in both the Confederate States Army and Conf ...

(D), until September 5, 1890 ::

(D), from November 4, 1890 : . Thomas C. McRae (D) : . John H. Rogers (D) : . Samuel W. Peel (D)

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

: . John J. De Haven (R), until October 1, 1890 :: Thomas J. Geary (D), from December 9, 1890 : . Marion Biggs (D) : .

Joseph McKenna Joseph McKenna (August 10, 1843 – November 21, 1926) was an American politician who served in all three branches of the Government of the United States, U.S. federal government as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Attorne ...

(R) : . William W. Morrow (R) : . Thomas J. Clunie (D) : . William Vandever (R)

Colorado Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...

: . Hosea Townsend (R)

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

: . William E. Simonds (R) : .

Washington F. Willcox Washington Frederick Willcox (August 22, 1834 – March 8, 1909) was an American businessman and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Connecticut from 1889 to 1893. Biography Born in Killingworth, Connecticut, Willcox ...

(D) : . Charles A. Russell (R) : . Frederick Miles (R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

: . John B. Penington (D)

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

: .

Robert H. M. Davidson Robert Hamilton McWhorta Davidson (September 23, 1832 – January 18, 1908) was a U.S. Representative from Florida. Biography Born near Quincy, Florida, Davidson attended the common schools and the Quincy Academy in Quincy, Florida. He studied ...

(D) : .

Robert Bullock Robert Bullock (December 8, 1828 – July 27, 1905) was an American lawyer, judge, state legislator, and United States representative from Florida. He was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Early li ...

(D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

: . Rufus E. Lester (D) : . Henry G. Turner (D) : . Charles F. Crisp (D) : . Thomas W. Grimes (D) : . John D. Stewart (D) : . James H. Blount (D) : . Judson C. Clements (D) : . Henry H. Carlton (D) : . Allen D. Candler (D) : . George T. Barnes (D)

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

: . Willis Sweet (R), from October 1, 1890

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

: .

Abner Taylor Abner Taylor (January 19, 1829 – April 13, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Bangor, Maine, Taylor moved with his parents to Champaign County, Ohio, in 1832, thence to Fort Dodge, Iowa, and subsequently to Chicago, Illin ...

(R) : .

Frank Lawler Frank Lawler (June 25, 1842 – January 17, 1896) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Illinois. Biography Born in Rochester, New York, Lawler attended public schools. He moved with his parents to Chicago, ...

(D) : . William E. Mason (R) : .

George E. Adams George Everett Adams (June 18, 1840 – October 5, 1917) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Early years Adams was born in Keene, New Hampshire, on June 18, 1840, son of Benjamin F. Adams and Louisa Redington, grandson of Benjamin Ada ...

(R) : .

Albert J. Hopkins Albert Jarvis Hopkins (August 15, 1846August 23, 1922) was a Congressman and U.S. Senator from Illinois. Biography Hopkins was born near Cortland, Illinois on August 15, 1846. He was admitted to the bar in 1871 and practiced in Aurora. He mar ...

(R) : .

Robert R. Hitt Robert Roberts Hitt (January 16, 1834 – September 20, 1906) was an American diplomat and Republican politician from Illinois. He served briefly as assistant secretary of state in the short-lived administration of James A. Garfield but ...

(R) : . Thomas J. Henderson (R) : . Charles A. Hill (R) : . Lewis E. Payson (R) : . Philip S. Post (R) : . William H. Gest (R) : . Scott Wike (D) : . William M. Springer (D) : . Jonathan H. Rowell (R) : .

Joseph G. Cannon Joseph Gurney Cannon (May 7, 1836 – November 12, 1926) was an American politician from Illinois and a leader of the Republican Party. Cannon represented parts of Illinois in the United States House of Representatives for twenty-three non ...

(R) : . George W. Fithian (D) : . Edward Lane (D) : . William S. Forman (D) : . Richard W. Townshend (D), until March 9, 1889 :: James R. Williams (D), from December 2, 1889 : . George Washington Smith (R)

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

: . William F. Parrett (D) : . John H. O'Neall (D) : . Jason B. Brown (D) : . William S. Holman (D) : . George W. Cooper (D) : . Thomas M. Browne (R) : . William D. Bynum (D) : . Elijah V. Brookshire (D) : . Joseph B. Cheadle (R) : . William D. Owen (R) : . Augustus N. Martin (D) : . Charles A. O. McClellan (D) : . Benjamin F. Shively (D)

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

: . John H. Gear (R) : . Walter I. Hayes (D) : . David B. Henderson (R) : . Joseph H. Sweney (R) : .

Daniel Kerr Daniel Alan Kerr (born 16 May 1983) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). He played 220 games for the club between 2001 and 2013, as a hard-running inside midfield ...

(R) : . John F. Lacey (R) : . Edwin H. Conger (R), until October 3, 1890 :: Edward R. Hays (R), from November 4, 1890 : . James P. Flick (R) : . Joseph R. Reed (R) : . Jonathan P. Dolliver (R) : .

Isaac S. Struble Isaac Sterling Struble (November 3, 1843 – February 17, 1913) was an American politician who was a four-term Republican Party (United States), Republican U.S. House of Representatives, Representative of Iowa's 11th congressional district. ...

(R)

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

: . Edmund N. Morrill (R) : . Edward H. Funston (R) : . Bishop W. Perkins (R) : . Thomas Ryan (R), until April 4, 1889 :: Harrison Kelley (R), from December 2, 1889 : . John A. Anderson (R) : . Erastus J. Turner (R) : .

Samuel R. Peters Samuel Ritter Peters (August 16, 1842 – April 21, 1910) was a lawyer, newspaper editor, and United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Kansas. Born in Walnut Township, near Circleville, Ohio, Peters attended the com ...

(R)

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

: . William J. Stone (D) : . William T. Ellis (D) : . Isaac H. Goodnight (D) : . Alexander B. Montgomery (D) : . Asher G. Caruth (D) : .

(D), until May 26, 1890 :: William W. Dickerson (D), from June 21, 1890 : . William C. P. Breckinridge (D) : .

James B. McCreary James Bennett McCreary (July 8, 1838 – October 8, 1918) was an American lawyer and politician from Kentucky. He represented the state in both houses of the U.S. Congress and served as its 27th and 37th governor. Shortly after graduating ...

(D) : . Thomas H. Paynter (D) : . John H. Wilson (R) : . Hugh F. Finley (R)

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

: . Theodore S. Wilkinson (D) : .

Hamilton D. Coleman Hamilton Dudley Coleman (May 12, 1845 – March 16, 1926) was a businessman and politician who served one term between 1889 and 1891 in the United States House of Representatives representing Louisiana's 2nd congressional district (New Orlea ...

(R) : . Edward J. Gay (D), until May 30, 1889 :: Andrew Price (D), from December 2, 1889 : . Newton C. Blanchard (D) : . Charles J. Boatner (D) : . Samuel M. Robertson (D)

Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...

: . Thomas B. Reed (R) : .

Nelson Dingley Jr. Nelson Dingley Jr. (February 15, 1832 – January 13, 1899) was a journalist and politician from the U.S. state of Maine. Dingley was born in Durham, Maine and attended the common schools at Unity, Maine and Waterville College (now Colby Col ...

(R) : . Seth L. Milliken (R) : . Charles A. Boutelle (R)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

: . Charles H. Gibson (D) : . Herman Stump (D) : . Henry W. Rusk (D) : . Henry J. Stockbridge Jr. (R) : .

Barnes Compton Barnes Compton (November 16, 1830 – December 2, 1898) was a Representative of the fifth congressional district of Maryland and a Treasurer of Maryland. Early life Barnes Compton was born on November 16, 1830, in Port Tobacco, Charles Count ...

(D), until March 20, 1890 :: Sydney E. Mudd (R), from March 20, 1890 : . Louis E. McComas (R)

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

: . Charles S. Randall (R) : . Elijah A. Morse (R) : . John F. Andrew (D) : . Joseph H. O'Neil (D) : .

Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union Army, Union general during the American Civil War, Civil War. A millworker, Banks became prominent in local ...

(R) : .

(R) : . William Cogswell (R) : . Frederic T. Greenhalge (R) : . John W. Candler (R) : . Joseph H. Walker (R) : . Rodney Wallace (R) : . Francis W. Rockwell (R)

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

: . J. Logan Chipman (D) : . Edward P. Allen (R) : . James O'Donnell (R) : . Julius C. Burrows (R) : . Charles E. Belknap (R) : . Mark S. Brewer (R) : .

Justin R. Whiting Justin Rice Whiting (February 18, 1847 – January 31, 1903) was a politician and businessman from the U.S. state of Michigan. Whiting was born in Bath (village), New York, Bath, New York, and moved to Michigan in 1849 with his parents, who ...

(D) : .

Aaron T. Bliss Aaron Thomas Bliss (May 22, 1837 – September 16, 1906) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative and the 25th governor of Michigan, and was from Saginaw, Michigan, Saginaw. Bliss Township, Michigan, Bliss Township was nam ...

(R) : . Byron M. Cutcheon (R) : . Frank W. Wheeler (R) : . Samuel M. Stephenson (R)

List of United States representatives from Minnesota, Minnesota

: . Mark H. Dunnell (R) : . John Lind (politician), John Lind (R) : . Darwin Hall, Darwin S. Hall (R) : . Samuel Snider, Samuel P. Snider (R) : . Solomon Comstock, Solomon G. Comstock (R)

List of United States representatives from Mississippi, Mississippi

: . John Mills Allen, John M. Allen (D) : . James B. Morgan (D) : . Thomas C. Catchings (D) : . Clarke Lewis (D) : . Chapman L. Anderson (D) : . T. R. Stockdale, Thomas R. Stockdale (D) : . Charles E. Hooker (D)

List of United States representatives from Missouri, Missouri

: . William H. Hatch (D) : . Charles H. Mansur (D) : . Alexander Monroe Dockery, Alexander M. Dockery (D) : . Robert P. C. Wilson (D), from December 2, 1889 : . John Charles Tarsney, John C. Tarsney (D) : . John T. Heard (D) : . Richard H. Norton (D) : . Frederick G. Niedringhaus (R) : . Nathan Frank (R) : . William M. Kinsey (R) : . Richard P. Bland (D) : . William J. Stone (D) : . William H. Wade (R) : . James P. Walker (D), until July 19, 1890 :: Robert H. Whitelaw (D), from November 4, 1890

List of United States representatives from Montana, Montana

: . Thomas H. Carter (R), from November 8, 1889

List of United States representatives from Nebraska, Nebraska

: . William James Connell, William J. Connell (R) : . James Laird (politician), James Laird (R), until August 17, 1889 :: Gilbert L. Laws (R), from December 2, 1889 : . George Washington Emery Dorsey, George W. E. Dorsey (R)

List of United States representatives from Nevada, Nevada

: . Horace F. Bartine (R)

List of United States representatives from New Hampshire, New Hampshire

: . Alonzo Nute (R) : . Orren C. Moore (R)

List of United States representatives from New Jersey, New Jersey

: . Christopher A. Bergen (R) : . James Buchanan (New Jersey politician), James Buchanan (R) : . Jacob Augustus Geissenhainer, Jacob A. Geissenhainer (D) : . Samuel Fowler (1851-1919), Samuel Fowler (D) : . Charles D. Beckwith (politician), Charles D. Beckwith (R) : . Herman Lehlbach (R) : . William McAdoo (New Jersey), William McAdoo (D)

List of United States representatives from New York, New York

: . James W. Covert (D) : . Felix Campbell (D) : . William C. Wallace (R) : . John Michael Clancy, John M. Clancy (D) : . Thomas F. Magner (D) : . Frank T. Fitzgerald (D), until November 4, 1889 :: Charles Henry Turner (1861–1913), Charles H. Turner (D), from December 9, 1889 : . Edward J. Dunphy (D) : . John H. McCarthy (D), until January 14, 1891, vacant thereafter : . Samuel S. Cox (D), until September 10, 1889 :: Amos J. Cummings (D), from November 5, 1889 : . Francis Barretto Spinola, Francis B. Spinola (D) : . John Quinn (New York politician), John Quinn (D) : . Roswell P. Flower (D) : . Ashbel P. Fitch (D) : . William G. Stahlnecker (D) : . Moses D. Stivers (R) : . John H. Ketcham (R) : . Charles J. Knapp (R) : . John A. Quackenbush (R) : . Charles Tracey (D) : . John Sanford (1851), John Sanford (R) : . John H. Moffitt (R) : . Frederick Lansing (R) : . James S. Sherman (R) : . David Wilber (R), until April 1, 1890 :: John S. Pindar (D), from November 4, 1890 : . James J. Belden (R) : . Milton De Lano (R) : . Newton W. Nutting (R), until October 15, 1889 :: Sereno E. Payne (R), from December 2, 1889 : . Thomas S. Flood (politician), Thomas S. Flood (R) : . John Raines (R) : . Charles S. Baker (R) : . John G. Sawyer (R) : . John M. Farquhar (R) : . John M. Wiley, John McClure Wiley (D) : . William G. Laidlaw (R)

List of United States representatives from North Carolina, North Carolina

: . Thomas G. Skinner (D) : . Henry P. Cheatham (R) : . Charles W. McClammy (D) : . Benjamin H. Bunn (D) : . John M. Brower (R) : . Alfred Rowland (D) : . John S. Henderson (D) : . William H. H. Cowles (D) : . Hamilton G. Ewart (R)

List of United States representatives from North Dakota, North Dakota

: . Henry C. Hansbrough (R), from November 2, 1889

List of United States representatives from Ohio, Ohio

: . Benjamin Butterworth (R) : . John A. Caldwell (R) : . Elihu S. Williams (R) : . Samuel S. Yoder (D) : . George E. Seney (D) : . Melvin M. Boothman (R) : . Henry Lee Morey, Henry L. Morey (R) : . Robert P. Kennedy (R) : . William C. Cooper (politician), William C. Cooper (R) : . William E. Haynes (D) : . Albert C. Thompson (R) : . Jacob J. Pugsley (R) : . Joseph H. Outhwaite (D) : . Charles Preston Wickham, Charles P. Wickham (R) : . Charles H. Grosvenor (R) : . James W. Owens (congressman), James W. Owens (D) : . Joseph D. Taylor (R) : .

(R) : . Ezra B. Taylor (R) : . Martin L. Smyser (R) : . Theodore E. Burton (R)

List of United States representatives from Oregon, Oregon

: . Binger Hermann (R)

List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania

: . Henry H. Bingham (R) : . Charles O'Neill (Pennsylvania politician), Charles O'Neill (R) : . Samuel J. Randall (D), until April 13, 1890 :: Richard Vaux (D), from May 20, 1890 : . William D. Kelley (R), until January 9, 1890 :: John E. Reyburn (R), from February 18, 1890 : . Alfred C. Harmer (R) : . Smedley Darlington (R) : . Robert Morris Yardley, Robert M. Yardley (R) : . William Mutchler (D) : . David B. Brunner (D) : . Marriott Henry Brosius, Marriott Brosius (R) : . Joseph A. Scranton (R) : . Edwin Sylvanus Osborne, Edwin S. Osborne (R) : . James Bernard Reilly, James B. Reilly (D) : . John Winebrenner Rife, John W. Rife (R) : . Myron Benjamin WMyron B. Wright (R) : . Henry Clay McCormick, Henry C. McCormick (R) : . Charles R. Buckalew (D) : . Louis E. Atkinson (R) : . Levi Maish (D) : . Edward Scull (R) : . Samuel Alfred Craig, Samuel A. Craig (R) : . John Dalzell (R) : . Thomas McKee Bayne, Thomas M. Bayne (R) : . Joseph Warren Ray, Joseph W. Ray (R) : . Charles Champlain Townsend, Charles C. Townsend (R) : . William Constantine Culbertson, William C. Culbertson (R) : . Lewis Findlay Watson, Lewis F. Watson (R), until August 25, 1890 :: Charles Warren Stone, Charles W. Stone (R), from November 4, 1890 : . James Kerr (Pennsylvania politician), James Kerr (D)

List of United States representatives from Rhode Island, Rhode Island

: . Henry J. Spooner (R) : . Warren O. Arnold (R)

List of United States representatives from South Carolina, South Carolina

: . Samuel Dibble (D) : . George D. Tillman (D) : . James S. Cothran (D) : . William H. Perry (South Carolina politician), William H. Perry (D) : . John J. Hemphill (D) : . George W. Dargan (D) : . William Elliott (American politician), William Elliott (D), until September 23, 1890 :: Thomas E. Miller (R), from September 24, 1890

List of United States representatives from South Dakota, South Dakota

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(2 Republicans) : . Oscar S. Gifford (R), from November 2, 1889 : . John Pickler, John A. Pickler (R), from November 2, 1889

List of United States representatives from Tennessee, Tennessee

: . Alfred A. Taylor (R) : . Leonidas C. Houk (R) : . Henry Clay Evans (R) : . Benton McMillin (D) : . James D. Richardson (D) : . Joseph E. Washington (D) : . Washington C. Whitthorne (D) : . Benjamin A. Enloe (D) : . Rice Alexander Pierce, Rice A. Pierce (D) : . James Phelan Jr. (D), until January 30, 1891, vacant thereafter

List of United States representatives from Texas, Texas

: . Charles Stewart (Texas politician), Charles Stewart (D) : . William Harrison Martin, William H. Martin (D) : . Constantine B. Kilgore (D) : . David B. Culberson (D) : . Silas Hare (D) : . Joseph Abbott (Texas politician), Joseph Abbott (D) : . William H. Crain (D) : . Littleton W. Moore (D) : . Roger Q. Mills (D) : . Joseph D. Sayers (D) : . S. W. T. Lanham, Samuel W. T. Lanham (D)

List of United States representatives from Vermont, Vermont

: . John Wolcott Stewart, John W. Stewart (R) : . William W. Grout (R)

List of United States representatives from Virginia, Virginia

: . Thomas H. B. Browne (R) : . George E. Bowden (R) : . George D. Wise (politician), George D. Wise (D), until April 10, 1890 :: Edmund Waddill Jr. (R), from April 12, 1890 : . Edward C. Venable (D), until September 23, 1890 :: John Mercer Langston, John M. Langston (R), from September 23, 1890 : . Posey G. Lester (D) : . Paul C. Edmunds (D) : . Charles Triplett O'Ferrall, Charles T. O'Ferrall (D) : . William Henry Fitzhugh Lee, William H. F. Lee (D) : . John A. Buchanan (D) : . Henry St. George Tucker III (D)

List of United States representatives from Washington, Washington

: . John L. Wilson (R), from November 20, 1889

List of United States representatives from West Virginia, West Virginia

: . John O. Pendleton (D), until February 26, 1890 :: George W. Atkinson (R), from February 26, 1890 : . William Lyne Wilson, William L. Wilson (D) : . John D. Alderson (D) : . James M. Jackson (D), until February 3, 1890 :: Charles Brooks Smith, Charles B. Smith (R), from February 3, 1890

List of United States representatives from Wisconsin, Wisconsin

: . Lucien B. Caswell (R) : . Charles Barwig (D) : . Robert M. La Follette Sr. (R) : . Isaac W. Van Schaick (R) : . George H. Brickner (D) : . Charles B. Clark (R) : . Ormsby B. Thomas (R) : . Nils P. Haugen (R) : . Myron H. McCord (R)

List of United States representatives from Wyoming, Wyoming

: . Clarence D. Clark (R), from December 1, 1890

Non-voting members

: . Marcus A. Smith (D) : . George A. Mathews (R), until November 2, 1889 : . Fred Dubois (R), until July 3, 1890 : . Thomas H. Carter (R), until November 7, 1889 : . Antonio Joseph (U.S. politician), Antonio Joseph (D) : . David A. Harvey (R), from November 4, 1890 : . John T. Caine (D) : . John B. Allen (R), until November 11, 1889 : . Joseph M. Carey (R), until July 10, 1890 51 us house membership

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

* Replacements: 3 ** Democratic Party (United States), Democratic: no net change ** Republican Party (United States), Republican: no net change ** Liberal Republican: 1-seat net loss * Deaths: 3 * Resignations: 2 * Interim appointments: 1 * Seats of newly admitted states: 12 *Total seats with changes: 17

House of Representatives

* Replacements: 16 ** Democratic Party (United States), Democratic: 2-seat net gain ** Republican Party (United States), Republican: 2-seat net loss * Deaths: 11 * Resignations: 6 * Contested election:8 * Seats of newly admitted states: 7 *Total seats with changes: 33

Committees

Senate

* United States Senate Select Committee on the Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress, Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: William M. Evarts) * United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Algernon S. Paddock; Ranking Member: James Z. George) * United States Senate Committee on Appropriations, Appropriations (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * United States Senate Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance) * United States Senate Select Committee on Canadian Relations, Canadian Relations (Select) (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on the Census, Census (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James H. Berry) * United States Senate Committee on Civil Service, Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Edward O. Wolcott; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall) * United States Senate Committee on Claims, Claims (Chairman: John C. Spooner; Ranking Member: James K. Jones) * United States Senate Committee on Coast Defenses, Coast Defenses (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) * United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Commerce (Chairman: William P. Frye; Ranking Member: Matt W. Ransom) * United States Senate Select Committee on Distributing Public Revenue Among the States, Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select) * United States Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, District of Columbia (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * United States Senate Committee on Education and Labor, Education and Labor (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James Z. George) * United States Senate Committee on Engrossed Bills, Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Francis M. Cockrell; Ranking Member: Shelby M. Cullom) * United States Senate Committee on Enrolled Bills, Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Charles B. Farwell; Ranking Member: Wilbur F. Sanders) * United States Senate Committee on Epidemic Diseases, Epidemic Diseases (Chairman: Isham G. Harris; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Select Committee to Establish a University in the United States, Establish a University in the United States (Select) (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * United States Senate Committee to Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service, Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: Anthony Higgins; Ranking Member: George Gray) * United States Senate Committee on Executive Departments Methods, Executive Departments Methods (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Finance, Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Fisheries, Fisheries (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Select Committee on Five Civilized Tribes of Indians, Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select) (Chairman: Matthew C. Butler; Ranking Member: J. Donald Cameron) * United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Foreign Relations (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan) * United States Senate Committee on Immigration, Immigration (Chairman: William E. Chandler; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) * United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, Indian Affairs (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan) * United States Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce, Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * United States Senate Select Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands, Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Select) (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall) * United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Judiciary (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on the Library, Library (Chairman: William M. Evarts; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Manufactures, Manufactures (Chairman: James McMillan (politician), James McMillan; Ranking Member: Alfred H. Colquitt) * United States Senate Committee on Military Affairs, Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph R. Hawley; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * United States Senate Committee on Mines and Mining, Mines and Mining (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Mississippi River and its Tributaries, Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: William D. Washburn; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall) * United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, Naval Affairs (Chairman: J. Donald Cameron; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson) * United States Senate Select Committee on Nicaraguan Claims, Nicaraguan Claims (Select) (Chairman: John Tyler Morgan; Ranking Member: George F. Hoar) * United States Senate Committee on Organization, Conduct and Expeditures of the Executive Departments, Organization, Conduct and Expeditures of the Executive Departments (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell) * United States Senate Committee on Patents, Patents (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: George Gray) * United States Senate Committee on Pensions, Pensions (Chairman: Cushman K. Davis; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce) * United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Nathan F. Dixon III, Nathan F. Dixon) * United States Senate Select Committee on Potomac River Front, Potomac River Front (Select) (Chairman: John R. McPherson; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Printing, Printing (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman) * United States Senate Committee on Private Land Claims, Private Land Claims (Chairman: Matt W. Ransom; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections, Privileges and Elections (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance) * United States Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: George G. Vest) * United States Senate Committee on Public Lands, Public Lands (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Richard F. Pettigrew) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Quadro-Centennial, Quadrocentennial (Select) (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: James B. Eustis) * United States Senate Committee on Railroads, Railroads (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Joseph E. Brown) * United States Senate Committee on Revision of the Laws, Revision of the Laws (Chairman: James F. Wilson; Ranking Member: Ephraim King Wilson II, Ephraim K. Wilson) * United States Senate Committee on Revolutionary Claims, Revolutionary Claims (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Justin S. Morrill) * United States Senate Committee on Rules, Rules (Chairman: Nelson W. Aldrich; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Senate Administrative Services, Senate Administrative Services (Select) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Tariff Regulation, Tariff Regulation (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Territories, Territories (Chairman: Orville H. Platt; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Transportation and Sale of Meat Products, Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: George G. Vest; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard, Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Matthew S. Quay; Ranking Member:

) * Committee of the whole, Whole * United States Senate Select Committee on Woman Suffrage, Woman Suffrage (Select) (Chairman: Zebulon B. Vance; Ranking Member: Charles B. Farwell)

House of Representatives

* United States House Committee on Accounts, Accounts (Chairman: Henry J. Spooner; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock) * United States House Committee on Agriculture, Agriculture (Chairman: Edward H. Funston; Ranking Member: William H. Hatch) * United States House Select Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic, Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select) * United States House Committee on Appropriations, Appropriations (Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon; Ranking Member: Samuel J. Randall) * United States House Committee on Banking and Currency, Banking and Currency (Chairman: George W.E. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed) * United States House Committee on Claims, Claims (Chairman: William G. Laidlaw; Ranking Member: George W. Dargan) * United States House Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures, Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Charles P. Wickham; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland) * United States House Committee on Commerce, Commerce (Chairman: Charles S. Baker; Ranking Member: Henry Stockbridge Jr.) * United States House Committee on the Disposition of Executive Papers, Disposition of Executive Papers * United States House Committee on the District of Columbia, District of Columbia (Chairman: William W. Grout; Ranking Member: John J. Hemphill) * United States House Committee on Education, Education (Chairman: James O'Donnell; Ranking Member: Henry P. Cheatham) * United States House Committee on Elections, Elections (Chairman: Jonathan H. Rowell; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock) * United States House Committee on Enrolled Bills, Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Robert P. Kennedy; Ranking Member: Constantine B. Kilgore) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Agriculture Department, Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Robert M. La Follette; Ranking Member: Edward Lane) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department, Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Justice Department, Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: James S. Sherman; Ranking Member: John C. Tarsney) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department, Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John G. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Judson C. Clements) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: John M. Brower; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Flood (politician), Thomas S. Flood) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the State Department, Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Joseph A. Scranton; Ranking Member: Marion Biggs) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Louis E. Atkinson; Ranking Member: William Cogswell) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the War Department, Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Robert M. Yardley; Ranking Member: William Campbell Preston Breckinridge, William C.P. Breckinridge) * United States House Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings, Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Thomas S. Flood (politician), Thomas S. Flood; Ranking Member: Joseph H. O'Neil) * United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Indian Affairs, Indian Affairs (Chairman: Bishop W. Perkins; Ranking Member: John L. Wilson) * United States House Committee on Invalid Pensions, Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Edmund N. Morrill; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws) * United States House Committee on Judiciary, Judiciary (Chairman: Ezra B. Taylor; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed) * United States House Committee on Labor, Labor (Chairman: William H. Wade; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River, Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Julius C. Burrows; Ranking Member: Charles D. Beckwith (politician), Charles D. Beckwith) * United States House Committee on Manufactures, Manufactures (Chairman: James Buchanan (New Jersey politician), James Buchanan; Ranking Member: William D. Bynum) * United States House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: John M. Farquhar; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart) * United States House Committee on Mileage, Mileage (Chairman: John Lind (politician), John Lind; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Clunie) * United States House Committee on Military Affairs, Military Affairs (Chairman: Byron M. Cutcheon; Ranking Member: Samuel P. Snider) * United States House Committee on the Militia, Militia (Chairman: David B. Henderson; Ranking Member: Harrison Kelley) * United States House Committee on Mines and Mining, Mines and Mining (Chairman: Thomas H. Carter; Ranking Member: Myron H. McCord) * United States House Committee on Naval Affairs, Naval Affairs (Chairman: Charles A. Boutelle; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Pacific Railroads, Pacific Railroads (Chairman: John Dalzell; Ranking Member: James P. Flick) * United States House Committee on Patents, Patents (Chairman: Benjamin Butterworth; Ranking Member: H. Clay Evans) * United States House Committee on Pensions, Pensions (Chairman: Milton De Lano; Ranking Member: Thomas H. B. Browne) * United States House Committee on Printing, Printing (Chairman: Charles A. Russell; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson) * United States House Committee on Private Land Claims, Private Land Claims (Chairman: Lucien B. Caswell; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart) * United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Henry H. Bingham; Ranking Member: James H. Blount) * United States House Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Seth L. Milliken; Ranking Member: Oscar S. Gifford) * United States House Committee on Public Lands, Public Lands (Chairman: Lewis E. Payson; Ranking Member: William S. Holman) * United States House Committee on Railways and Canals, Railways and Canals (Chairman: Henry C. McCormick; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws) * United States House Committee on Revision of Laws, Revision of Laws (Chairman: Thomas M. Browne; Ranking Member: Frederic T. Greenhalge) * United States House Committee on Rivers and Harbors, Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson; Ranking Member: Frederick G. Niedringhaus) * United States House Committee on Rules, Rules (Chairman: Charles F. Crisp; Ranking Member: James H. Blount) * United States House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, Standards of Official Conduct * United States House Committee on Territories, Territories (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: George Washington Smith (congressman), George W. Smith) * United States House Committee on War Claims, War Claims (Chairman: Ormsby B. Thomas; Ranking Member: Jonathan P. Dolliver) * United States House Committee on Ways and Means, Ways and Means (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John G. Carlisle) * Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives), Whole

Joint committees

* United States Congress Joint Special Committee on Conditions of Indian Tribes, Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special) * United States Congress Joint Committee on the Disposition of Executive Papers, Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers * United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library, The Library * United States Congress Joint Committee on Printing, Printing

Caucuses

* House Democratic Caucus, Democratic (House) * Senate Democratic Caucus, Democratic (Senate)

Employees

List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress, Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark (architect), Edward Clark * Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford * Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict, until 1889 ** Francis W. Palmer, from 1889

Senate

* Chaplain of the United States Senate, Chaplain: John George Butler, John G. Butler (Lutheranism, Lutheran) * Secretary of the United States Senate, Secretary: Anson G. McCook * United States Senate Librarian, Librarian: Alonzo M. Church * Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate, Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady, until June 30, 1890 ** Edward K. Valentine, from June 30, 1890

House of Representatives

* Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodism, Methodist) * Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Clerk: John B. Clark Jr., until December 2, 1889 ** Edward McPherson, from December 2, 1889 * Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives, Doorkeeper: Charles E. Adams * Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives, Postmaster: James L. Wheat, resigned October 1, 1890 ** James W. Hathaway, elected December 10, 1890 * Clerk at the Speaker’s Table of the United States House of Representatives, Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield ** Edward F. Goodwin * Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and Azro J. Maxham (R) * Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives, Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom, until December 2, 1889 ** Adoniram J. Holmes, from December 2, 1889

Notes

References

* *

External links

Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
* * * * * {{Benjamin Harrison 51st United States Congress,