Fidra (archaically Fidrey or Fetheray) is a currently uninhabited island in the

Firth of Forth The Firth of Forth () is a firth in Scotland, an inlet of the North Sea that separates Fife to its north and Lothian to its south. Further inland, it becomes the estuary of the River Forth and several other rivers. Name ''Firth'' is a cognate ...

, northwest of North Berwick, on the east coast of Scotland. The island is an RSPB Scotland nature reserve.

Geography

Like the other islands near North Berwick, Fidra is the result of volcanic activity around 335 million years ago. Fidra consists of three sections; a hill at one end with the lighthouse on it; a low-lying section in the middle, effectively an isthmus; and a rocky stack at the other end.

History

The island's name is believed to be

Old Norse Old Norse, also referred to as Old Nordic or Old Scandinavian, was a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants ...

in origin, referring to the large number of bird feathers found there. Like the nearby Bass Rock, it has a substantial

seabird Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adaptation, adapted to life within the marine ecosystem, marine environment. While seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent ...

population, and is now an RSPB reserve. The village of Gullane lies to the south-west, and the nature reserve of Yellowcraig and village of Dirleton, to which parish Fidra belongs,Martine, John (1890) ''Fourteen Parishes of the County of Haddington'', Edinburgh, p.50-51 are to the south. Remotely operated cameras on the island send live pictures to the watching visitors at the Scottish Seabird Centre in North Berwick. Upon the island are ruins of an old chapel, or '' lazaretto'' for the sick, which was dedicated in 1165 to St Nicholas. In the 12th-century, the island formed part of the barony of Dirleton, which was granted to the Anglo-Norman John de Vaux by King David I. The de Vaux family built a stronghold, known as Castle Tarbet, on the island, but in 1220, William de Vaux gifted Fidra to the monks of Dryburgh Abbey, in the Borders. His successor built Dirleton Castle, on the mainland, as a replacement dwelling.

Nature and ecology

The number of breeding puffins on the island has increased recently due to the removal of an introduced plant, tree mallow (''Lavatera arborea''). It is likely that it was planted by lighthouse keepers for use as toilet paper, and for its medicinal qualities. The shrub was blocking the entrances to the breeding burrows, and in 1996 the number of occupied burrows had fallen to approximately 400. Following clearance by RSPB Scotland staff and volunteers over 1,000 burrows are occupied in 2016.

Cultural references

Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis Stevenson (born Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson; 13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He is best known for works such as ''Treasure Island'', ''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll ...

often visited the beaches at the area known today as Yellowcraig and it is said that he based his map of '' Treasure Island'' on the shape of Fidra. (This claim is also made about the island of Unst in Shetland.) He also mentioned Fidra in his novel ''

Catriona Catriona is a feminine given name in the English language. It is an Anglicisation of the Irish Caitríona or Scottish Gaelic Catrìona, which are forms of the English Katherine Katherine (), also spelled Catherine and Catherina, other var ...

''. Fidra Books is a publishing house, named after the island, and which uses Fidra's outline as part of its logo. The

progressive rock Progressive rock (shortened as prog rock or simply prog) is a broad genre of rock music that primarily developed in the United Kingdom through the mid- to late 1960s, peaking in the early-to-mid-1970s. Initially termed " progressive pop", the ...

band Marillion also briefly mention Fidra in the song, ''Warm Wet Circles'', which contains the line "She nervously undressed in the dancing beams of the Fidra Lighthouse", the coast nearby apparently being a well-known courting spot.

Lighthouse

The lighthouse, which was designed by David Alan Stevenson (as his first work) in 1885 and supervised by his uncle Thomas Stevenson was manned until 1970 and is now automated, as are all Scottish lighthouses. However, Fidra was the first unmanned lighthouse. It is accessible via a private jetty on the east coast of the island. The light flashes 4 times every 30 seconds during hours of darkness.''Reeds Small Craft Almanac'', London, Adlard Coles Nautical, 2007

References

External links

The Schottish Lighthouses
Lighthouses of Scotland and the Island of Man. *

Northern Lighthouse Board
{{Authority control , additional=Q12034940 Islands of the Forth Landforms of East Lothian Royal Society for the Protection of Birds reserves in Scotland Uninhabited islands of Scotland North Berwick