Ferrotitanium is a

ferroalloy Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al), or silicon (Si). They are used in the production of steels and alloys. The alloys impart distinctive qualitie ...

, an alloy of

iron Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe () and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's o ...

and

titanium Titanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in ...

with between 10 and 20% iron and 45–75% titanium and sometimes a small amount of carbon. It is used in

steelmaking Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and/or scrap. Steel has been made for millennia, and was commercialized on a massive scale in the 1850s and 1860s, using the Bessemer process, Bessemer and open hearth furnace, Siemens-M ...

as a cleansing agent for iron and steel; the titanium is highly reactive with sulfur, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, forming insoluble compounds and sequestering them in

slag The general term slag may be a by-product or co-product of smelting (pyrometallurgical) ores and recycled metals depending on the type of material being produced. Slag is mainly a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Broadly, it can be c ...

, and is therefore used for deoxidizing, and sometimes for desulfurization and denitrogenation. In steelmaking, the addition of titanium yields metal with finer grain structure. Ferrotitanium can be manufactured by mixing titanium sponge and scrap with iron and melting them together in an

induction furnace An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by induction heating of metal. Induction furnace capacities range from less than one kilogram to one hundred tons, and are used to melt iron and steel, copper, aluminu ...

. Ferrotitanium powder can be also used as a fuel in some

pyrotechnic composition A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas/smoke or a combination of these, as a result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic reaction, exothermic chemical reac ...

References

External links

*{{cite web , url = http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/ferroalloys/myb1-2006-feall.pdf , title =Minerals Yearbook 2006: Ferroalloys , publisher =

United States Geological Survey The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The agency was founded on Mar ...

, accessdate =2009-04-24, first = John D., last = Jorgenson , author2=Corathers, Lisa A. , author3=Gambogi, Joseph , author4=Kuck, Peter H. , author5=Magyar, Michael J. , author6=Papp, John F. , author7= Shedd, Kim B
TiVolga - ferrotitanium in lumps, fines, cored wire with ferrotitanium filling

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20080926135300/http://www.femottram.co.uk/mottram/index.php/company-profile/sheffield/ F.E. Mottram Group Ferroalloys Deoxidizers Pyrotechnic fuels Titanium alloys